为探究枳椇果梗多糖(Hovenia dulcis fruit pedicel polysaccharides,HDPs)对酒精暴露小鼠肠道损伤的改善作用,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术和代谢组学分析方法,研究HDPs对酒精暴露小鼠肠道微生物群和代谢谱的影响。同时,通过酶联免疫吸...为探究枳椇果梗多糖(Hovenia dulcis fruit pedicel polysaccharides,HDPs)对酒精暴露小鼠肠道损伤的改善作用,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术和代谢组学分析方法,研究HDPs对酒精暴露小鼠肠道微生物群和代谢谱的影响。同时,通过酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫组化、实时定量聚合酶链式反应和Western blot等方法,检测肠道炎症因子、紧密连接蛋白、胆汁酸代谢相关基因和蛋白的表达变化。研究结果表明,HDPs能显著降低酒精诱导的肠道促炎因子白细胞介素-4、干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子α的水平,减少内毒素脂多糖和脂多糖结合蛋白的水平,提高α-淀粉酶活力,上调紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1从而改善肠道屏障功能。16S rRNA测序结果显示,与灌胃114μL/20 g mb酒精的小鼠相比,HDPs能增加小鼠肠道菌群中乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度,改善酒精暴露所致肠道微生物群多样性和结构紊乱。代谢组学分析发现,HDPs能够调节胆汁酸代谢,降低酒精暴露小鼠肠道中胆汁酸(特别是牛磺胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸)的水平。此外,HDPs还能抑制酒精暴露小鼠肠道中顶端钠依赖性胆酸转运体mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,减少胆汁酸的重吸收,从而减轻酒精对肠道的负面影响。综上,HDPs可通过调节肠道菌群和胆汁酸代谢,改善肠道屏障功能,对酒精性肠损伤具有潜在的改善作用,本研究结果可为HDPs在功能性食品中应用提供新的视角和理论依据。展开更多
We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequ...We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2000-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.展开更多
文摘为探究枳椇果梗多糖(Hovenia dulcis fruit pedicel polysaccharides,HDPs)对酒精暴露小鼠肠道损伤的改善作用,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术和代谢组学分析方法,研究HDPs对酒精暴露小鼠肠道微生物群和代谢谱的影响。同时,通过酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫组化、实时定量聚合酶链式反应和Western blot等方法,检测肠道炎症因子、紧密连接蛋白、胆汁酸代谢相关基因和蛋白的表达变化。研究结果表明,HDPs能显著降低酒精诱导的肠道促炎因子白细胞介素-4、干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子α的水平,减少内毒素脂多糖和脂多糖结合蛋白的水平,提高α-淀粉酶活力,上调紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1从而改善肠道屏障功能。16S rRNA测序结果显示,与灌胃114μL/20 g mb酒精的小鼠相比,HDPs能增加小鼠肠道菌群中乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度,改善酒精暴露所致肠道微生物群多样性和结构紊乱。代谢组学分析发现,HDPs能够调节胆汁酸代谢,降低酒精暴露小鼠肠道中胆汁酸(特别是牛磺胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸)的水平。此外,HDPs还能抑制酒精暴露小鼠肠道中顶端钠依赖性胆酸转运体mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,减少胆汁酸的重吸收,从而减轻酒精对肠道的负面影响。综上,HDPs可通过调节肠道菌群和胆汁酸代谢,改善肠道屏障功能,对酒精性肠损伤具有潜在的改善作用,本研究结果可为HDPs在功能性食品中应用提供新的视角和理论依据。
文摘We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2022 HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2000-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.
