Determination of Seven Major Ginsenosides in Different Parts of Panax quinquefolius L.(American Ginseng) with Different Ages

Ginsenosides Rgl, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd in different parts of the American ginseng plant were investigated. The extraction process was a pressurized microwave-assisted extraction（PMAE）. The seven ginsenosides were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） with a ultraviolet（UV） detector, at 203 nm. The experiment results showed significant variations in the individual ginsenoside contents of the American ginseng in different parts and ages of the plant. The results demonstrated that the leaves, root hairs, and rhizomes of Panax quinquefolius L. contained higher ginsenoside contents, followed by the main roots and stems. The leaves contained dramatically higher levels of ginsenoside Rg1 Rb3, and Rd than the other four parts. Higher contents of Rb1 and Re were present in the main roots, root hairs, and rhizomes. The amount of ginsenoside content in the stems was the lowest. The total content of the seven ginsenosides in main roots, root hairs and rhizomes increased with the age of the plant. In contrast, the ginsenoside contents in the leaves and stems decreased with a year of growth.

Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Expression Library for the North American Ginseng Root Tissues

The root of Panax ginseng plant undergoes a specific developmental process to become a biosynthesis and accumulation tissue for ginsenosides. To identify and analyze genes involved in the biosynthesis of ginsenoside, we constructed and characterized a full-length cDNA library for 6-year-old North American ginseng. The titer of primary cDNA library is 1.2 × 10^6 pfu/mL, the titer of amplified library is 2. 6 × 10^10 pfu/mL and the rate of recombinant is above 86%. The insert size ranges from 0. 3 to 2.0 kb. Sequencing results show that 18 of 58 genes are high homologous to the genes （GBRS, GBR3 and GBR1 ） known in GenBank, which are involved in biosynthesis of ginsenoside in North American ginseng plant; 16 of 58 genes are novel genes. The full-length cDNA library of North American ginseng root tissues is essential for the cloning of genes known and it is also an initial key for the screening and cloning of new genes.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from American Ginseng and Evaluation of Its Immunostimulating Activity

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction （UAE） of American ginseng polysaccharides （AGP） was investigated using response surface methodology. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the ultrasonic power, extraction time and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high AGP yield. The analysis of variance and response surface plots indicated that ultrasonic power was the most important factor affecting the extraction yield. The optimal conditions were ultrasonic power 400 W, extraction time 71 min, and ratio of water to raw material 33 mL g-1. Under these conditions, the yield of AGP was 8.09%, which was agreed closely to the predicted value. Gas chromatography （GC） analysis showed that AGP was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of AGP. In addition, AGP exhibited good immunostimulating activities by up-regulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines. Compared with hot water extraction, UAE required shorter extraction time and gave a higher extraction yield, without changing the structure and immunostimulating activity of AGP. The results indicated that UAE could be an effective and advisable technique for the large scale production of plant polysaccharides.

American ginseng supplementation attenuates creatine kinase level induced by submaximal exercise in human beings

AIM: To investigate whether American ginseng (AG, Panax quinquefolium) supplementation was able to improve endurance exercise performance.METHODS: Thirteen physically active male college students were divided into two groups (AG or placebo)and received supplementation for 4 wk, before the exhaustive running exercise. Treadmill speed was increased to a pace equivalent to 80% VO2max of the subject. A 4-wk washout period followed before the subjects crossed over and received the alternate supplement for the next 4 wk.They then completed a second exhaustive running exercise. The physiological variables that were examined included time to exhaustion and oxygen pulse. Moreover,the plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate were measured prior to the exercise, at 15 and 30 min during exercise,immediately after exercise, and 20, 40, 60, and 120 min after exercise.RESULTS: The major finding of this investigation was that the production plasma CK during the exercise significantly decreased for group AG than for group P. Secondary physiological finding was that 80% VO2max running was not improved over a 4-wk AG supplementation regimen.CONCLUSION: Supplementation with AG for 4 wk prior to an exhaustive aerobic treadmill running reduced the leakage of CK during exercise, but did not enhance aerobic work capacity. The reduction of plasma CK may be due to the fact that AG is effective for the decrease of skeletal muscle cell membrane damage, induced by exercise during the high-intensity treadmill run.

Comparing Ginsenoside Production in Leaves and Roots of Wild American Ginseng (<i>Panax quinquefolius</i>)

American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is an herbaceous perennial species that is destructively harvested for its bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. The demand for this herb fosters illegal poaching and over-harvesting that reduces genetic variability and population viability. Five wild populations in western North Carolina were studied to better understand the production of ginsenosides in leaf and root tissues. Total ginsenoside concentration was significantly higher in leaves than roots, though total yield was higher in roots due to greater root biomass. However, some ginsensosides (Rb2, Rd and Re) had higher or more consistent yields in leaves than roots, so might be developed into a sustainable source of these medicinally-active compounds. Additionally, we identified regional root chemotypes that differed in the production of the ginsenosides Rg1 and Re and could be developed into regional cultivars depending on the desired panel of ginsenosides.

Evaluation and prediction of ecological suitability of medicinal plant American ginseng (panax quinquefolius)

Objective： American ginseng is a medicinal plant with large market demands,however,its producing areas are shrinking because of the continuous cropping obstacles in China.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a suitable model to determine the new producing areas.Here we evaluated and predicted the suitable areas of American ginseng using the maximum entropy model（Max Ent）.Methods： Based on the 37 environmental variables over thirty years from 1970 to 20 0 0 and 226 global distribution points of American ginseng,Max Ent was used to determine the global ecological suitable areas for American ginseng.The Receiver Operating Curve（ROC）was used to evaluate the model prediction accuracy.Meanwhile,an innovative ecological variable,the precipitation–temperature ratio,was established to indicate the climate characteristic in the American ginseng suitable areas based on the monthly precipitation and temperature.Results： The potential ecological suitable areas of American ginseng were primarily in Appalachian Mountain in America and Changbai Mountain in China,about in the range of 35 °N–50 °N,60 °W–120 °W and 35 °N–50 °N,110 °E–145 °E,respectively,including the United States,Canada,China,North Korea,South Korea,Russia and Japan.South Korea and Japan were the potential producing regions.The precipitation–temperature ratios were stable at（0.22,0.56）of the vigorous growth period（April–October）in the best suitable areas of American ginseng,serving as characteristic parameters to optimize the prediction model.The model showed that the common soil parameters were pH 4.5–7.2,Base Saturation（BS）above 80%,Cation Exchange Capacity（CEC）10–20 cmol/kg,organic carbon（OC）〈 1.4%,and the soil types were sandy loam or loam.Conclusion： An optimized Max Ent model was established to predict the producing area for American ginseng that needed to be validated by a field test.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and American ginseng mixture: A Chinese herbal formulation for gut microbiota modulation

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo(D. officinale) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). A mixture of D. officinale and American ginseng has been shown to enhance cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and monocyte/macrophage functions in mice. Here, the effects of a D. officinale and American ginseng mixture on the structure of gut microbial community in dogs were examined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The data revealed that while the mixture did not change the diversity of gut microbial community significantly, differences among individuals were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the mixture-responsive operational taxonomic units(OTUs) exhibited a phase-dependent expression pattern. Fifty-five OTUs were found to exhibit a mixture-induced expression pattern, among which one third were short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing genera and the others were probiotic genera included Lactobacillus spp., Sutterella, Alistipes, Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Coprococcus, Gordonibacter, Oscillibacter, among others. By contrast, 36% of the OTUs exhibiting a mixture-repressed expression pattern were disease-associated microorganisms, and six genera, namely Actinomyces, Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Slackia, Streptococcus and Solobacterium, were associated with cancer. In addition, five genera were closely associated with diabetes, namely Collinsella,Rothia, Howardella, Slackia and Intestinibacter. Our results indicate that this D. officinale and American ginseng mixture may be used as a prebiotic agent to enhance SCFA-producing genera and prevent gut dysbiosis.

Advances in Transcriptomic Studies and Ginsenoside Biosynthesis of American Ginseng

American ginseng（Panax quinquefolius L.）, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is one of the most widely used traditional herbs in the world. Its major bioactive constituents are triterpene saponins known as ginsenosides. Up to date, it is still a big challenge to sequence and assemble the large and repeat-enriched genome of tetraploid American ginseng, using whole genome shotgun（WGS） sequencing strategy. The lack of American ginseng genome information has significantly impeded its genetic and functional genomic studies. With the development of next-generation sequencing（NGS） technologies, sequencing and analysis of transcriptomes have become powerful tools for the discovery of novel genes and elucidation of specific biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. Here we summarized the recent advances in the transcriptomic studies of American ginseng, including high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and functional gene annotation and classification. Based on the results of transcriptomic data mining and co-expression analyses, many candidate genes possibly involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides have been found, thereby providing an unparalleled opportunity to fully understand the mechanism of ginsenoside biosynthesis and its regulations in American ginseng. Advances in transcriptomic studies will contribute to the molecular breeding and planting management of American ginseng and to the development of novel ginsenoside-type drugs.

Parameter calibration of American ginseng seeds for discrete element simulation

The accurate contact parameters of American ginseng seed particles are the basis for establishing the discrete element simulation model of American ginseng seeds.The parameters of American ginseng seeds were calibrated by combining the physical tests and simulation tests together.The basic physical parameters,contact parameters and repose angle of sprouted American ginseng seeds were determined by physical tests.The simulation parameters were significantly screened by conducting the Plackett-Burman test.Meanwhile,it was determined that the collision recovery coefficient,static friction coefficient and rolling friction coefficient of interspecific contact parameters have significant influences on the repose angle of the simulation test.By the steepest climb test,the optimal interval for the value of the significance parameter was determined.Subsequently,the second-order regression equation between contact parameters and the repose angle was established,the regression equation was optimized and solved,and the best combination of simulation parameters was determined.The collision recovery coefficient between sprouted American ginseng seeds was 0.346,the static friction coefficient was 0.769,and the rolling friction coefficient was 0.490.By the calibrated seed group of American ginseng for discrete element simulation test,the average repose value angle was 38.80°,and the relative error with the measured repose angle was 0.733%.The results revealed that the simulation parameters of American ginseng seeds were reliable,which can provide a basis for the design and performance optimization of American ginseng seed-metering device in the later stage.

Dove Stewed with American Ginseng

Ingredients:Three doves, 10g American ginseng, 5g salt, 10g cookingwine, 30g scallion and ginger, 3g MSG, 2g white pepperpowder, 5g sesame oil arid 700g broth.Method:1. Cook the doves in boiling water for a short while, softenthe American ginseng in lukewarm water, then cut it intopieces;, mince the scallion and ginger.2. Put the doves into a clay pot, add broth, sliced Americanginseng and flavorings. Bring to the boil, then reduce heatand stew gently until the doves are tender. Remove fromheat and place on a flat plate. Sprinkle the sesame oil

American Ginseng Teaand Resist in Fatigue

The fatigue is a main factor to endanger the human health in the 21st century. In the current society, because the rhythm of life is accelerated and overworked for a long time or beared greater psychological pressure for a long time, if not rest reasonable

西洋参果正丁醇部位的化学成分研究

为探究西洋参果正丁醇部位的化学成分,本研究采用硅胶、MCI、RP-C18柱色谱及半制备HPLC等方法对西洋参果正丁醇部位的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱学数据分析及文献比对鉴定其结构。从西洋参果中共分离得到25个人参皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为人参皂苷Rg_(6)(1)、人参皂苷Rh_(2)(2)、20(22)E-人参皂苷Rh_(4)(3)、拟人参皂苷RT_(5)(4)、人参皂苷Rh_(1)(5)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh_(1)(6)、人参皂苷F_(1)(7)、拟人参皂苷F_(11)(8)、人参皂苷Rg_(1)(9)、人参皂苷Rg_(2)(10)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_(2)(11)、人参皂苷F_(2)(12)、人参皂苷Rg_(3) (13)、20 (R)-人参皂苷Rg_(3) (14)、人参皂苷Re (15)、人参皂苷Rs_(3) (16)、人参皂苷Rc (17)、人参皂苷Rd (18)、人参皂苷Rb_(1)(19)、人参皂苷Rb_(2)(20)、人参皂苷Rb_(3)(21)、人参皂苷Ro(22)、绞股蓝皂苷Ⅶ(23)、三七皂苷R_(1)(24)和三七皂苷Fe(25)。化合物1、3、6、11、12、16和23~25为首次从西洋参果中分离得到,其中化合物1、3、16和24为首次从西洋参中分离得到,该研究可为西洋参的综合开发利用提供化学物质基础。

西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究西洋参花多糖闪式提取的最佳工艺条件及抗氧化活性。方法:以西洋参花为原料,考察提取电压、液料比、提取时间对西洋参花多糖得率的影响,采用响应面法优化西洋参花多糖闪式提取工艺。通过测定西洋参花多糖对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用及总还原力,考察西洋参花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果:通过实验得到西洋参花多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取电压:130 V,液料比:30:1 mL/g,提取时间:100 s。在此条件下,西洋参花多糖得率为11.12%±0.23%,与模型预测值相当;西洋参花多糖体外抗氧化显示其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率的IC_(50)值分别为1.34、1.42 mg/mL,且具有一定还原力。表明西洋参花具有较强的抗氧化活性,且随着多糖浓度的增加,抗氧化活性不断增强。结论:本实验得到的提取工艺条件具有可行性,可用于西洋参花多糖的提取。西洋参花多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究可为西洋参花的开发利用提供理论依据。

生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠睡眠的促进作用及其安全性研究

为了研究生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠睡眠的作用并对其毒理安全性进行评价,本试验以低[200 mg/(kg·bw)]、中[400 mg/(kg·bw)]、高[800 mg/(kg·bw)]剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊连续给小鼠灌胃30 d,通过直接诱导睡眠试验、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间试验、戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠试验,以及小鼠脑组织中5羟色胺(5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和多巴胺(DA)含量的检测,分析其改善睡眠的作用;以最大给药剂量试验(MTD)进行生地百合西洋参胶囊的小鼠急性毒性试验;以低[1 g/(kg·bw)]、中[2 g/(kg·bw)]、高[4 g/(kg·bw)]剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊给大鼠连续灌胃30 d,评价其对大鼠的毒理安全性。结果显示,与对照组相比,生地百合西洋参胶囊对小鼠无直接诱导睡眠作用,不同剂量的生地百合西洋参胶囊均能显著延长小鼠的戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间(P<0.05或P<0.01),中、高剂量组小鼠的催眠入睡率显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),小鼠脑组织中5-HT和GABA的含量显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),高剂量组小鼠脑组织中DA的含量显著降低(P<0.05);以15 g/(kg·bw)剂量给小鼠灌胃生地百合西洋参胶囊14 d,小鼠均未出现死亡和中毒现象。大鼠在30 d喂养试验期间生长状况良好,各剂量组大鼠的体重增长量、进食量、食物利用率、血常规、血液生化和脏器系数等指标均与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,生地百合西洋参胶囊具有改善小鼠睡眠的作用,其作用机制与对小鼠脑组织中5-HT、GABA和DA含量的调节有关,本试验所用剂量范围对大鼠和小鼠均无明显毒性,安全性良好。本试验结果可为生地百合西洋参胶囊的临床应用提供参考依据。

西洋参种植土壤中五氯硝基苯及其降解产物的残留分析

研究分析和评估西洋参种植土壤中五氯硝基苯及其降解产物的残留情况,为西洋参种植土壤的治理及安全评估提供依据。分别采集了3个区域的土壤样品,采用气相色谱仪(GC-ECD)测定,建立了土壤中五氯硝基苯(PCNB)及其降解产物五氯苯胺(PCA)和甲基五氯苯基硫醚(PCTA)残留的分析方法。检测结果表明,样品中均可以检测到五氯硝基苯及其降解产物,五氯硝基苯残留量与其降解产物的残留量存在显著的正相关系,不同区域的残留量差异较大。

林下山参、园参、红参与西洋参粉末的化学成分及快速无损鉴别

目的基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)结合多元统计学方法,筛选林下山参、园参、红参与西洋参的主要差异性成分;基于近红外光谱(NIRS)技术与多元统计学方法,建立不同参品的快速无损鉴别方法。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈,梯度洗脱,在负离子模式下采集质谱数据,通过与文献数据及对照品比对,鉴定林下山参、园参、红参与西洋参中人参皂苷类成分;通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLSDA),以变量重要性投影(VIP)值>1为标准筛选4种参的主要差异性成分;采集4种参粉末的NIRS,采用光谱预处理方法扣除仪器噪声及背景干扰,通过OPLS-DA,构建4种参粉末的快速无损判别模型。结果共鉴定4种参中54种人参皂苷类成分,筛选了18个主要差异性成分;NIRS技术采用二阶导数预处理方法结合OPLS-DA可实现4种参种类判别分析。结论本研究阐明了林下山参、园参、红参与西洋参的物质基础及差异性成分,可为不同参品的质量标志物的确定提供参考;同时建立了不同参品粉末的快速无损鉴别方法,为生产及市场上不同参品的掺假鉴别提供了有力的技术支撑。

西洋参总皂苷通过Nrf2-ARE通路对压力性尿失禁的治疗作用

目的:探究西洋参总皂苷通过调控Nrf2/ARE通路对压力性尿失禁的治疗作用。方法:制备压力性尿失禁大鼠模型,将60只大鼠随机分为对照组(Control组)、压力性尿失禁大鼠模型组(SUI组)、压力性尿失禁大鼠模型分别给予低、中、高剂量西洋参总皂苷干组(PQSL组、PQSM组、PQSH组)和PQSH组基础上给予Nrf2特异性抑制剂ML385干预组(PQSH+ML385组),每组10只。统计各组大鼠喷嚏阳性率;测定尿动力学指标(MBC、LPP、ALPP);测定膀胱内压(排尿量、残余尿量、排尿效率);Masson染色检测尿道组织胶原纤维量;检测尿道组织氧化应激指(MDA、SOD、GSH-Px);蛋白质印迹检测脑组织中Nrf2、HO-1、NOQ1蛋白表达。结果:Control组大鼠喷嚏实验均为阴性。造模50只大鼠均出现了喷嚏实验阳性;PQSL组、PQSM组、PQSH组喷嚏实验阳性率分别为60%(6/10)、40%(4/10)、20%(2/10),PQSH+ML385组大鼠喷嚏实验阳性率为70%(7/10),SUI组大鼠喷嚏实验阳性率为80%(8/10)。和Control组相比,SUI组大鼠MBC、LPP、ALPP水平、排尿效率、GSH-Px含量和SOD活性降低,排尿量、残余尿量、MDA含量增多(P<0.05);和SUI组相比,PQSL组、PQSM组、PQSH组大鼠MBC、LPP、ALPP水平、排尿效率、GSH-Px含量和SOD活性增加,排尿量、残余尿量、MDA含量减少,且呈浓度依赖(P<0.05);和PQSH组相比,PQSH+ML385组大鼠MBC、LPP、ALPP水平、排尿效率、GSH-Px含量和SOD活性降低,排尿量、残余尿量、MDA含量增多(P<0.05)。和Control组相比,SUI组大鼠尿道组织中Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);和SUI组相比,PQSL组、PQSM组、PQSH组大鼠尿道组织中Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1蛋白表达均明显升高,且呈剂量依赖(P<0.05);和PQSH组相比,PQSH+ML385组大鼠尿道组织中Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:西洋参总皂苷可通过激活Nrf2/ARE信号通路改善压力性尿失禁排尿功能,从而对压力性尿失禁达到治疗作用。

HPLC法测定益真健脑丸中人参皂苷Rg_(1)、Re、Rb_(1)含量

目的采用HPLC对益真健脑丸中西洋参药材3种主要成分人参皂苷Rg_(1)、Re、Rb_(1)进行含量测定。方法采用C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱,检测波长203nm,流速1.0mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃。结果人参皂苷Rg_(1)、Re、Rb_(1)分别在2.00~20.00μg·m L^(-1)、4.00~40.00μg·m L^(-1)、10.00~100.00μg·m L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好。结论该方法简单、稳定,可用于益真健脑丸中3种人参皂苷的含量测定。

QuEChERS结合气相色谱-串联质谱法测定西洋参中53种常见农药的残留量

取西洋参粉末约2 g,加入1%(体积分数)冰乙酸溶液10 mL,均质5 min,加入体积比3∶1的乙腈-甲苯混合溶液10 mL和混合内标(由磷酸三苯酯、倍硫磷-d6和阿特拉津-d5组成)储备溶液1 mL,振荡1 min。加入质量比4∶1的无水硫酸镁-无水乙酸钠混合粉末7.5 g,振荡3 min,冰水浴冷却10 min,离心5 min。分取上清液9 mL置于装有无水硫酸镁900 mg、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)300 mg、C18300 mg、硅胶300 mg和石墨化碳黑(GCB)45 mg的净化管中,涡旋1 min,振荡5 min,离心1 min。上清液用0.22μm滤膜过滤。取续滤液1 mL,加入分析保护剂(由D-(+)-核糖酸-1,4-内酯和山梨醇组成)溶液0.3 mL,用乙腈定容至2 mL,供气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪分析。各目标物在SH-Rxi-5Sil MS色谱柱上用程序升温条件分离,以电子轰击离子(EI)源电离,多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配法联合内标法定量。结果显示,53种农药工作曲线的线性范围均为2.5~200μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.001~0.002 mg·kg^(-1);按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为69.1%~107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。方法用于50批进口西洋参样品的分析,检出了p,p′-滴滴伊、o,p′-滴滴涕、p,p′-滴滴滴、p,p′-滴滴涕和五氯硝基苯,西洋参的农药污染风险整体可控。

基于“表里关联”和化学计量学的西洋参微波炮制过程中皂苷含量与色度变化的分析

目的通过测定西洋参在微波炮制过程中人参皂苷含量与色度值的变化并研究其关联性,为西洋参微波炮制品种的探索和质量标准的制定提供数据支持。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定不同炮制程度的西洋参样品中11种人参皂苷的含量,采用精密色差仪测定不同炮制程度饮片粉末的色度值;运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年版)建立不同炮制程度饮片的HPLC指纹图谱;SPSS 21.0软件对样品的色度值与皂苷含量进行关联性分析并进行聚类分析,采用化学计量学方法对结果进行分析。结果HPLC结果显示随炮制程度加深皂苷种类及含量均有变化;指纹图谱共标定28个共有峰,指认了其中7个色谱峰,发现2个峰为炮制后新产生,2个峰在炮制后消失;相关性结果显示,大部分共有峰及皂苷类成分与L*值、a*值及E*值呈显著相关性;化学计量学结果显示,17批样品可分为4类,其中人参皂苷Rb1和Re为炮制过程中变化的差异性成分。结论西洋参在微波炮制过程中色度值与皂苷含量均发生显著变化,且两者有一定的表里关联性,西洋参微波炮制具有一定可行性,值得进一步研究与探索。