In this paper amino acids synthesis in aqueous solution induced by ion implantation, which was possibly ubiquitous on primitive Earth, is investigated. As a discharge using a graphite rod as the anode under a nitrogen...In this paper amino acids synthesis in aqueous solution induced by ion implantation, which was possibly ubiquitous on primitive Earth, is investigated. As a discharge using a graphite rod as the anode under a nitrogen atmosphere was performed against ammonia water, it was found that three kinds of amino acids were produced. They were glycine, serine and alanine. By introducing ion implantation into the carboxylate solution, ammonia and amino acids were also formed via nitrogen deposition/fixation. Another isotopic experiment showed that both OH and H radicals played a crucial role in the arc-discharge-promoted reactions in aqueous solution Therefore, we believe that the impact of ions in the original atmospheric conditions might have functioned as a promoter in the chemical origin and evolution of life.展开更多
Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based o...Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based on protein source,which may be related to AA release kinetics.In this experiment,a 2×2 factorial arrangement with casein(CAS)-enriched or corn gluten meal(CGM)-enriched protein sources at different digestible crude protein levels(normal[N],13%;and low[L],11%)were applied to 24 crossbred(DurocLandraceYorkshire)growing pigs(average body weight=43.3±3.5 kg)in 4 treatments(N.CAS,L.CAS,N.CGM,L.CGM,respectively)to investigate the effects of AA release kinetics on nitrogen deposition in growing pigs.Standardized ileal digestible AA in all diets were balanced by adding individual AA to meet the nutrient requirements.The AA release kinetics were detected in vitro by measuring the hydrolysis of various protein diets under pepsin and trypsin conditions.The results demonstrated that the time of AA release peak in the CGM diet was 12 h later than that in the CAS diet.The synchronization indices of dietary AA release in N.CAS,N.CGM,L.CAS,and L.CGM were 23.73%,29.37%,23.40%,and 26.07%,respectively.The N.CGM had the poorest AA release synchronism while the N.CAS had the greatest among the 4 diets.However,within the pigs,L.CAS and N.CGM showed the highest(81.08%)and lowest(73.54%)nitrogen biological values,respectively,despite the standard ileal digestible AA levels being equal for all diets.These results indicate that the release kinetics of dietary AA had great effect on nitrogen deposition.To optimize nitrogen deposition,AA release kinetics and composition should be taken into consideration when formulating diets for growing pigs.展开更多
以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(M...以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX~;)的研究.研究结果表明,m-MIER是以氯为交换基团的介孔型材料,其孔径为2~60nm;与MIEX~;相比,m-MIER具有相似的湿视密度、粒径,更丰富的孔隙结构、更大的交换容量(1.15g/cm^3,150~200μm,0.1852cm^3/g,3.16mmol/g Vs 1.20g/cm^3,150~180μm,0.0184cm^3/g,2.23mmol/g);XPS图谱分析结果表明其内核成分主要为Fe3O4,且为季胺型阴离子交换树脂.针对藻源含氮有机物的去除结果表明,m-MIER对藻蓝蛋白、特定氨基酸的去除效果明显优于MIEX~;,且去除效果与氨基酸的种类显著相关.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29772033)
文摘In this paper amino acids synthesis in aqueous solution induced by ion implantation, which was possibly ubiquitous on primitive Earth, is investigated. As a discharge using a graphite rod as the anode under a nitrogen atmosphere was performed against ammonia water, it was found that three kinds of amino acids were produced. They were glycine, serine and alanine. By introducing ion implantation into the carboxylate solution, ammonia and amino acids were also formed via nitrogen deposition/fixation. Another isotopic experiment showed that both OH and H radicals played a crucial role in the arc-discharge-promoted reactions in aqueous solution Therefore, we believe that the impact of ions in the original atmospheric conditions might have functioned as a promoter in the chemical origin and evolution of life.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31572439 and No.31572415)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(No.20160101348JC)the Key technology research and development program of Jilin Province of China(No.20180201018NY).
文摘Although the protein content of swine diets is formulated based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids(AA)under current nutrition requirements,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of swine varies based on protein source,which may be related to AA release kinetics.In this experiment,a 2×2 factorial arrangement with casein(CAS)-enriched or corn gluten meal(CGM)-enriched protein sources at different digestible crude protein levels(normal[N],13%;and low[L],11%)were applied to 24 crossbred(DurocLandraceYorkshire)growing pigs(average body weight=43.3±3.5 kg)in 4 treatments(N.CAS,L.CAS,N.CGM,L.CGM,respectively)to investigate the effects of AA release kinetics on nitrogen deposition in growing pigs.Standardized ileal digestible AA in all diets were balanced by adding individual AA to meet the nutrient requirements.The AA release kinetics were detected in vitro by measuring the hydrolysis of various protein diets under pepsin and trypsin conditions.The results demonstrated that the time of AA release peak in the CGM diet was 12 h later than that in the CAS diet.The synchronization indices of dietary AA release in N.CAS,N.CGM,L.CAS,and L.CGM were 23.73%,29.37%,23.40%,and 26.07%,respectively.The N.CGM had the poorest AA release synchronism while the N.CAS had the greatest among the 4 diets.However,within the pigs,L.CAS and N.CGM showed the highest(81.08%)and lowest(73.54%)nitrogen biological values,respectively,despite the standard ileal digestible AA levels being equal for all diets.These results indicate that the release kinetics of dietary AA had great effect on nitrogen deposition.To optimize nitrogen deposition,AA release kinetics and composition should be taken into consideration when formulating diets for growing pigs.
文摘以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX~;)的研究.研究结果表明,m-MIER是以氯为交换基团的介孔型材料,其孔径为2~60nm;与MIEX~;相比,m-MIER具有相似的湿视密度、粒径,更丰富的孔隙结构、更大的交换容量(1.15g/cm^3,150~200μm,0.1852cm^3/g,3.16mmol/g Vs 1.20g/cm^3,150~180μm,0.0184cm^3/g,2.23mmol/g);XPS图谱分析结果表明其内核成分主要为Fe3O4,且为季胺型阴离子交换树脂.针对藻源含氮有机物的去除结果表明,m-MIER对藻蓝蛋白、特定氨基酸的去除效果明显优于MIEX~;,且去除效果与氨基酸的种类显著相关.
