Effect of Applied Phosphorus on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Soybean Cultivars on Acidic Hill Soil

In a three years experiment, conducted on acidic soil, four varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] were tested to see their performance under different regimes of applied Phosphorus. The highest number of pods was given by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, Durga and JS-89-21. A similar trend was observed in the number of filled pods. On an average, the cultivar, Punjab-1, gave the maximum harvest index, followed closely by Bragg. Both the cultivars, Durga and JS-89-21, had lower harvest index. The application of P fertilizer significantly increased the harvest index up to 60 kg·P·ha–1. The Highest yield of grains was given by the variety ‘Bragg’ (1630 kg·ha–1), followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga, which gave the yields of 1510, 1470 and 880 kg·ha–1, respectively. Highest N, P and K removal was found by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga cultivars. The uptake of nutrients was significantly related to the total biomass produced by a cultivar (r = 0.8125), showing a yield predictability of 66.0%. The increase in uptake of N, P and K, respectively, with the application of 60 kg·P·ha–1 over no P was;245.3, 159.4 and 158.3% in case of Bragg, 101.5%, 73.8% and 44.6% in case of Durga, 182.2%, 70.6% and 63.8% in case of JS-89-21 and 164.7%, 80.0% and 97.4% in case of Punjab-1. A significant increase in soil available P was found in the plots where it was applied @ 60 kg·ha–1 continuously for three years.

Drought Strategy Tolerance of Four Barley Cultivars and Combined Effect with Salicylic Acid Application

This investigation was conducting to explain that four barley genotypes varied in their drought tolerance according to their genotype and their tested organs. It can be recorded that growth parameters (fresh, dry matter and length, water content, leaf area and pigment contents) were decreased as decreasing M. C. in the soil. This indicated that Giza 123 was the superior in its drought tolerance and Giza 129 was the interior and both cv. Giza 2000 and cv. Giza 124 were the intermediated between them. This concomitant with increase in soluble sugar and soluble protein content of both organs in Giza 123 and shoot Ca++, this related with lower value of OP other than genotypes, in Giza 2000 this was related with a huge accumulation in soluble protein of shoot and root, shoot amino acids and root proline reach 3-folds than control plants as decreasing M. C. Whereas drought stress increased soluble protein only in Giza 124 while in Giza 129 decreasing M. C. increased soluble protein, amino acids and proline contents in shoot and root and shoot Ca++. The values of OP increased as decreasing M. C. in four barley cultivars concomitant with their drought tolerance. Also, SA application was markedly enhanced the production of growth parameters in shoot and root with varied degree according to each tested barley genotypes. SA application was significantly increased OP in shoot, root and spike of barley pants. Spraying vegetative parts with 0.5 mM SA was markedly increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein and amino acids in shoot, root and spike of four barley cultivars. On the other side, SA application lowered the accumulation of proline in shoot and root of barley genotypes. SA treatment induced no significant change in K+, Ca++, and Mg++ in shoot, root and spike of Giza 123, it significantly increased K+, Ca++, and Mg++ in shoot and root of Giza 2000. SA application enhanced accumulation of K+, Ca++ in shoot and root of Giza 124 and K+, Ca++ and Mg++in three organs of Giza 129.

Combined Action of Copper with IAA on Individual Amino Acids and Microelement in Pods of Two Broad Bean Cultivars

It is worthy to mention that the two broad bean cultivars displayed a surprising situation during the fruiting stage of growth. The absolute amount of pods yield was higher in cv. Assiut 125 than in cv. Assiut 84. This situation was in contrast with that in the vegetative stage, where cv. Assiut 84 produced greater vegetative growth than cv. Assiut 125. Although the cv. Assiut 84 was less affected by the highest dose of copper, the cv. Assiut 125 was greatly affected by this dose. However, another surprising situation was recorded when the absolute values of fresh and dry matter of cv. Assiut 125 were much higher than cv. Assiut 84 at any used copper concentration. The fresh matters of the pods of cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 were 7.24 and 10.16 gm at the level of control and 6.69 and 7.59 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu, respectively. Their dry matters were 1.99 and 3.52 gm at the level of control and 1.77 and 2.13 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125, respectively. This contradiction was also extended when these copper-affected cultivars were sprayed by IAA. The cv. Assiut 84 responded slightly to IAA treatment. On the other hand, a considerable increase in the dry matter yield was recorded in the pods of cv. Assiut 125 at any used level of copper when compared to the non-sprayed plants treated by the same copper concentration. At the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ , the pod yield was 2-fold that of plants treated only by 350 ppm Cu2+ , without IAA spraying. Thus, even IAA behaved differently in its effect on the crop yield of the two tested broad bean cultivars. There are big and surprising variations in the accumulation of microelements and heavy metals in pods among the two broad bean genotypes, whatever the treatments used. These variations seemed to be complicated which might need further studies. The concentration of amino acids and their individuals also varied among the two cultivars;they increased in cv. Assiut 84 and decreased in cv. Assiut 125. The increased amino acids in cv. Assiut 84 are mostly used as precursors for phytochelatins. For the previous studies, thus the present work was conducted to explain the effect of Cu and interactive effect with IAA on two selected broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 during yielding production.

Determination of Volatile Oil and Ferulic Acid in Different Parts of Wild Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen and Ferula fukanensis K. M.Shen Cultivars

[Objectives] To increase the reserves distribution and planting area of Ferula resources,protect wild Ferula resources,make comparative analysis on wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula medicinal materials,and provide references for quality evaluation of Ferula herbs collected from cultivation environment. [Methods] Volatile oil determination and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure volatile oil and ferulic acid in different parts of wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula. [Results] In the volatile oil measured from artificially pressed Ferula lipid,wild varieties in different places conformed to the pharmacopoeia standard( volatile oil content ≥10%); in cultivated varieties,F. fukanensis K. M. Shen and F. sinkiangensis K. M. shen reached the pharmacopoeia standard. According to measurement results of ferulic acid,the ferulic acid content of roots and leaves of Altay,Fukang,and Yining cultivars were higher than that of wild varieties. [Conclusions]The ferulic medicinal herbs collected from artificial cultivation environment have considerable prospect,and many parts of Ferula herbs can be used for raw materials for preparation of extracts.

Influences of Ridge Width and Foliar Spraying of Amino Acids Compounds on Yield and Quality of Two Faba Bean Cultivars

A two-year study was carried out at the Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to evaluate seed yield and quality of two faba bean cultivars to different rates of amino acids compounds under narrow and wide ridges. Two faba bean cultivars Sakha 1 and Masr 3 were grown in two ridge widths 60 and 120 cm and received five rates of amino acids compounds (Power mix at rates 1.5 cm⋅L−1 “Pm1” and 3.0 cm⋅L−1 “Pm2”, Super mix at rates of 3.5 cm⋅L−1 “Sm1” and 7.0 cm⋅L−1 “Sm2”, as well as, water only “control treatment”). The treatments laid out in a split split plot distribution in randomized complete blocks design in three replications were used. Ridge width was randomly assigned to the main plots, faba bean cultivars were allocated in sub-plots and amino acids compounds were allocated in sub sub-plots. Shoot chemical composition and photosynthesis pigments, as well as, chemical composition in seed traits of faba bean were tested in the laboratories of Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Wide ridge had higher nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), total sugars and total free amino acids concentrations in faba bean shoot and seeds in addition to chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) in faba bean shoot, as well as, most seed yield attributes than those of the narrow one. Faba bean cultivar Sakha 1 had higher values of seed yield, yield attributes and quality than Masr 3 that achieved higher seed antioxidants. Also, amino acids compounds affected significantly all studied traits of faba bean plants. Pm2 recorded the highest values of chemical composition in faba bean shoot and seeds. Moreover, Pm2 gave the highest seed yield and yield attributes compared to others. The interaction between ridge width and faba bean cultivar was significant for total sugars and carotenoids concentrations in faba bean shoot and 100-seed weight, as well as, seed N content. Also, the interaction between ridge width and amino acids compound had significant effects on shoot and seed N, P, K concentrations, number of pods plant−1 and seed yield ha−1, as well as, total soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentrations. Moreover, the interaction between faba bean cultivar and amino acids compound had significant effects on shoot Chl a and b concentrations, number of seeds pod−1 and seed yield plant−1, as well as, seed N, total soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentrations. Wide ridge x faba bean cultivar x amino acids compound interaction had significant effects on photosynthesis pigments, number of seeds pod−1 and seed yield ha−1, as well as, seed N, total sugars, total soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentrations. High seed yield and quality were recorded by growing faba bean cultivar Sakha 1 in wide ridge with foliar spraying at rate of 3.0 cm⋅L−1 of power mix. On the other hand, growing faba bean cultivar Masr 3 in narrow ridge with foliar spraying at rate of 3.5 cm⋅L−1 of super mix had good antioxidants in faba bean seeds.

凉山州14个核桃品种主要经济指标及脂肪酸组成分析

为全面评价、合理利用四川省凉山州现有核桃品种,对凉山州14个核桃品种的主要经济指标及脂肪酸组成进行了测定,计算了各指标变异系数和遗传多样性指数,并对各指标进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:14个核桃品种中,粗脂肪含量较高的核桃品种有小圆、美姑大泡、冕漾等,蛋白质含量较高的核桃品种有陆佳、香酥、白鹤滩米核桃等;香酥为高油酸含量品种,利丰紫瓤、大凉山紫伊核桃晚熟2号为高亚油酸含量品种,盐源早、冬晚、利丰紫瓤为高α-亚麻酸含量品种,盐源早、冬晚、小圆的亚油酸与α-亚麻酸含量比值更接近4;出仁率、粗脂肪含量、棕榈酸含量的变异系数较低,均小于10%,说明这3个指标较稳定;主要经济指标与脂肪酸含量的遗传多样性指数的变化范围为1.57~2.14,其中,出仁率的遗传多样性指数最低,十七碳酸含量的遗传多样性指数最高;三径均值与单果质量存在极显著正相关性,蛋白质含量与α-亚麻酸含量存在显著负相关性,油酸含量与亚油酸含量存在极显著负相关性;经聚类分析,在欧氏距离为20时,14个核桃品种被分为2个组群,小圆、香酥聚为一组,其他12个品种聚为一组。综上,14个核桃品种均为当地的优良品种,可对油脂含量高、蛋白质含量高、脂肪酸比例合理及其他特异性指标有优势的品种有针对性地加以利用。

Effects of Molybdenum on the Intermediates of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Low Temperature

The objective was to probe the site where the biosynthesis of chlorophyll was blocked under Mo deficiency at low temperature, which led to the decrease of chlorophyll in winter wheat cultivars. The intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis were analyzed in winter wheat cultivars in soil culture, miniblock culture, and solution culture to study the effects of Mo on chlorophyll biosynthesis without Mo addition （CK, soil available Mo 0.112 mg kg^-1） and Mo addition （＋ Mo, 0.13 mg kg^-1 Mo was added）. Laevulinic acid （LA）, the competitive analog of δ-aminolaevulinic acid （ALA） was also introduced in the experiment. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b was constant between CK and ＋ Mo treatment, whereas it increased at low temperature, which indicated that Mo deficiency did not inhibit the transformation of Chl a to Chl b at low temperature. Under Mo deficiency, the contents of protochlorophyll （Pchl）, Mg-protoporphyrin Ⅸ （Mg-Proto Ⅸ）, protoporphyrin Ⅸ （proto IX）, and uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ （Uro Ⅲ） decreased [Uro Ⅲ decreased significantly （P 〈0.01）], whereas ALA and glutamate increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） compared with that of Mo addition, which suggested that the transformation from ALA to Uro Ⅲ might be inhibited. The content of ALA reversed after addition of LA, it was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） in Mo addition than in CK. The results indicated that the transformation from ALA to Uro Ⅲ was blocked under Mo deficiency, which resulted in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and led to the decrease of chlorophyll in winter wheat cultivars.

Application of NAA and BA in Chemical Fruit Thinning of Autochthonous Cultivars of Apple

The paper presents the fruit thinning response to NAA and BA plant regulators of autochthonous cultivars of apples. The experiment was designed to evaluate NAA, over a range of concentrations （15, 20 and 30 ppm） when applied alone, and BA ＋ NAA combinations （BA--60, 100, 120 or 140 ppm ＋ NAA 5 ppm） for thinning the assessed apple cultivars. All the applied treatments with NAA and BA ＋ NAA adequately thinned ＂Senabija＂ and ＂Ko2ara＂, whereas application of NAA 20 ppm and 30 ppm and combined treatment BA 140 ppm ＋ NAA 5 ppm were effective fruit thinners for ＂Pasinka＂. In terms of the average fruit weight and number of fruits categorized as large （〉 75 mm or 〉 65 ram）, as well as from the aspect of fruit number per trunk cross-sectional area, the variant of treatment BA 140 ppm ＋ NAA 5 ppm was most effective on ＂Senabija＂ and ＂Paginka＂, whereas BA 100 ppm ＋ NAA 5 ppm had the best effect on ＂Kozara＂.

9个不同使用类型木薯品系在合浦县的适应性研究

为筛选适宜在合浦县推广的木薯品系,本研究以主栽品种‘南植199’为对照,对9个木薯新品系的生物学特性进行了观察,并测定其农艺性状和经济性状,同时进行相关性分析。结果表明,9个品系分枝角度小、块根长度适中和主茎高度中等以上;‘RC4’的块根产量显著高于对照,其余8个品系与对照差异不显著;‘RC4’等8个品系的淀粉产量高于对照;9个品系的淀粉含量高于对照,其中‘RC3’等5个品系的淀粉含量显著或极显著高于对照;9个木薯品系的直链淀粉含量显著或极显著低于对照‘;RC6’等6个品系的氢氰酸含量低于50 mg/kg。相关性分析结果表明:块根产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、块根直径呈极显著正相关,与茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉含量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗呈显著正相关;淀粉产量与生长中期株高、成熟期株高、茎粗、块根直径、块根产量呈极显著正相关,与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合来看,这9个木薯新品系的综合表现良好,适合在合浦县进行推广。其中‘,RC3’、‘RC4’和‘RC7’可作为加工型品系;‘RC5’和‘RC10’可作为食用品系;‘RC2’、‘RC6’、‘RC11’和‘RC12’可作为鲜食加工兼用品系;‘RC2’和‘RC5’作为食用品系具有很好的推广前景。

毛叶苕子磷获取特征及根际特性的基因型差异

毛叶苕子是我国重要的肥饲兼用绿肥作物,研究毛叶苕子磷获取特征及根际特性的基因型差异,为毛叶苕子磷高效利用提供理论支撑。在青海西宁开展盆栽试验,设置毛叶苕子品种和磷肥种类双因素,毛叶苕子品种为大田试验筛选的磷高效及磷低效品种(系)各2个,磷肥种类为过磷酸钙和磷矿粉,设置不施磷肥对照,共12个处理。盛花期测定分析毛叶苕子磷素积累量、土壤磷组分、土壤有机酸、根系酸性磷酸酶(RACP)、土壤酸性及碱性磷酸酶活性(ACP、ALP)、土壤酸性及碱性磷酸酶(phoC、phoD)基因丰度。结果显示,不同磷效率毛叶苕子品种(系)总磷吸收量和磷肥利用率分别为7.45~46.07 mg·盆^(-1)和7.12%~22.49%;磷高效品种(系)总磷吸收量和磷肥利用率均显著高于磷低效品种(系),增幅分别为0.91%~61.20%和12.52%~60.25%。相比磷低效品种(系),磷高效品种(系)提高了活性磷(labile P)和中等活性磷(moderately labile P)的比例,降低了稳定性磷(stable P)的比例,后者的活性磷和中等活性磷的比例分别是前者的6.14~26.14倍和1.04~1.54倍,前者的稳定性磷库比例是后者的2.92~7.91倍。磷高效品种(系)土壤总有机酸(TOA)、草酸(OXA)含量、RACP、ACP、ALP活性均显著高于磷低效品种(系),分别提高117.45%~254.60%、19.40%~50.75%、16.37%~146.40%、6.19%~104.19%和6.16%~35.06%。磷高效品种(系)phoC和phoD丰度分别是磷低效品种(系)的1.07~2.58倍和1.46~3.64倍。线性回归分析表明,土壤TOA、OXA、RACP、ACP与活性磷均呈显著或极显著正相关,决定系数分别为0.40、0.46、0.13、0.19;与stable P均呈显著或极显著负相关,决定系数分别为0.75、0.58、0.41和0.49。综上,磷高效毛叶苕子品种(系)活化难溶性磷的能力较强,具有更高的磷素积累量和磷肥利用率。其主要通过增加有机酸(主要是草酸)含量、磷酸酶活性、phoC和phoD基因丰度活化难溶性磷,提高土壤中活性磷和中等活性磷的比例,促进对磷的吸收利用。

QJ系列羊肚菌品种氨基酸特征评价

以自主选育的QJ系列羊肚菌品种为试验材料,通过检测子实体氨基酸组成及含量,明确氨基酸营养特征。使用联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)/世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)标准模式谱、系统聚类分析和主成分分析等方法对氨基酸进行全面评价。结果表明,系列品种总体表现为氨基酸种类丰富、必需氨基酸种类齐全的基本特征。其中标准模式谱评价可知QJ-10、QJ-12明显优于其他品种,QJ-9是系列品种中必需氨基酸营养价值最高的品种。聚类分析将系列品种分为4类,第一类为氨基酸总量高、呈味氨基酸丰富,包括QJ-3、QJ-6、QJ-8和QJ-9。主成分分析结果表明,各品种氨基酸综合得分由高到低为QJ-6、QJ-8、QJ-9、QJ-12、QJ-3、QJ-7、QJ-10、QJ-2,其中QJ-6羊肚菌综合得分最高,为0.38。该研究结果为进一步丰富QJ系列羊肚菌基础研究数据,为羊肚菌品种的差异化开发提供参考。

不同品种蚕豆原料对郫县豆瓣品质的影响研究

为探究蚕豆原料对郫县豆瓣品质的影响,本文考察了5个不同品种蚕豆制备郫县豆瓣的理化指标、游离氨基酸和挥发性成分等品质差异。结果表明,不同品种蚕豆发酵郫县豆瓣的绝大部分品质指标存在显著差异(P<0.05)。‘成胡18’(CH18)、‘成胡23’(CH23)、‘通蚕鲜6号’(TCX)品种蚕豆发酵的郫县豆瓣具有更高含量的蛋白质、氨基酸态氮、还原糖和游离氨基酸,尤其是其氨基酸态氮和总游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他样品(P<0.05)。所有样品中甜味和苦味氨基酸为主要呈味氨基酸,但味道强度值(taste active value,TAV)分析表明鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)对郫县豆瓣呈味贡献突出,尤其是CH18、CH23和TCX郫县豆瓣。采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术从5种郫县豆瓣中共鉴定出48种挥发性成分,以酯类和醇类化合物为主,相对含量分别为28.19%~39.47%、23.16%~28.82%;且不同品种间差异较大,其中CH18、CH23郫县豆瓣中酯类化合物相对含量最高,醇类相对含量最低。基于ROAV>1共筛选出11种关键风味物质,而大部分关键风味物质在CH23、云豆2662(YD)郫县豆瓣中相对含量较高。整体而言,CH18、CH23和TCX郫县豆瓣的品质显著优于未知品种(SCZG)、YD郫县豆瓣,但TCX郫县豆瓣体态存在缺陷,因此CH18和CH23品种蚕豆更适合郫县豆瓣加工。本研究表明蚕豆品种是导致郫县豆瓣理化与感官特征差异的重要因素,企业生产过程中要加强原料品种的筛选。

白化茶树新品系绍白1号选育报告

绍白1号是从浙江嵊州群体种中采用系统选育方法,经过“单株选择-扦插扩繁-品系性状鉴定-区域品种适应试验”等程序选育出的品质优良的白化茶树新品系。品系比较试验表明,绍白1号属晚生种;春茶每667 m2鲜叶产量38.21 kg;氨基酸含量6.3%、酚氨比3.2;抗寒、抗旱性强,抗炭疽病和抗茶小绿叶蝉中等;适制绿茶,其滋味品质突出,香气较高鲜、微有花香,滋味甘醇、鲜爽。

工业专用型高芥酸油菜新品种选育

高芥酸油菜品种是在工业上具有广泛用途的专用型品种。本研究通过两个常规芥酸品种杂交 ,采用以单株和单粒筛选相结合对芥酸含量正向选择为核心的技术 ,育成了芥酸含量达 6 0 %的甘蓝型高芥酸油菜新品种高芥 1号。同时阐明了在高芥酸含量背景下各种脂肪酸间的相关性 。

几个早熟苹果品种果实糖酸组分及风味品质的评价

采用高效毛细管电泳仪分离测定了6个早熟苹果品种果实的糖酸组分,并对早丰甜、贝拉、辽伏3个品种可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比及主要香气成分含量与风味品质的关系进行了研究。结果表明,(1)所有参试品种均以果糖含量最高,品种间变异系数最小,仅为14.59%,但蔗糖和葡萄糖含量与果糖明显不同,在不同品种间存在较大差异,品种间变异系数分别为67.58%和29.94%,果糖和蔗糖含量是影响早熟苹果品种糖类总含量的主要因素。有机酸中苹果酸含量在不同早熟苹果品种也存在较大差异,最高为6.61mg/g,最低仅为1.55mg/g;(2)果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比及3种主要香气成分测定和官能鉴评结论在早丰甜、贝拉和辽伏3个品种间存在显著差异,官能鉴评的这种差异性与糖、酸及香气成分等成分测定结果基本一致,因此,在试验条件下,3个早熟苹果品种风味品质评价指标应包括可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比及1-丁醇、(E)-2-己烯醛和乙酸丁酯等3种主要香气成分的总含量。

板栗种仁脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成

以中国3个主要品种群中不同产区的24个板栗品种为试材,研究板栗种仁中的脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成特性,探讨不同品种以及品种群板栗种仁中脂肪含量及脂肪酸构成的差异。结果表明:1)板栗种仁中的脂肪含量在1.15～4.48g/100g(以干质量计)之间;2)板栗种仁中主要包含了从C14～C20碳链长度的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和不饱和脂肪酸(UFA),其中C16和C18是最主要的两类脂肪酸,它们在脂肪酸组成中所占比例分别在7.35%～25.81%和64.51%～91.83%范围内;3)C16/C18在0.08～0.37之间,且C16脂肪酸中以饱和态的C16:0为主,C18脂肪酸中以不饱和态的C18:1、C18:2为主;4)板栗种仁中的SFA所占比例(9.64%～29.22%)远远低于UFA所占比例(70.78%～90.36%),SFA/UFA构成比例在0.11～0.41之间。结果表明,板栗种仁脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成在不同品种之间存在显著差异,但在品种群之间没有表现出明显差异。

药用白菊花4个栽培类型内在质量的比较研究

目的:通过对药用白菊花4个栽培类型化学成分的比较研究,为药用白菊花遗传多样性的研究提供依据。方法:以绿原酸、总黄酮、挥发油成分为检测指标,对栽培在同一生境下的白菊花4个栽培类型的化学成分进行了比较分析。结果与结论:绿原酸、总黄酮、挥发油含量因栽培类型或加工方法不同而存在明显的差异。

低温条件下钼对冬小麦叶绿素合成前体的影响

目的探讨低温缺钼条件下冬小麦叶绿素合成受阻位点。方法采用土培试验、微区试验、营养液培养试验,设不施钼(CK,土壤有效钼0.112mg·kg-1)和施钼(+Mo,施钼水平为0.13mg·kg-1)处理,及δ-氨基酮戊酸(ALA)转化抑制剂乙酰丙酸(LA)处理,研究了缺钼对冬小麦品种叶绿素几种重要合成前体的影响。结果低温时叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值(Chla/Chlb)上升,而不施钼时比值不变,表明低温抑制Chla向Chlb的转化,而缺钼不影响它们的转化。叶绿素合成前体原叶绿素酸(酯)(Pchl)、镁原卟啉Ⅸ(Mg-ProtoⅨ)、原卟啉Ⅸ(protoⅨ)、尿卟啉原Ⅲ(UroⅢ)不施钼时显著下降,其中UroⅢ急剧下降,ALA、谷氨酸(Glu)显著累积,表明从Glu或ALA向UroⅢ的转化可能受阻;加入ALA转化抑制剂LA后,ALA含量逆转为不施钼小于施钼,表明缺钼条件下ALA向UroⅢ的转化受阻。结论缺钼影响ALA向UroⅢ的转化,导致叶绿素合成受阻,含量下降。

不同烤烟品种及海拔对烟叶中有机酸的影响

采用甲酯化和GC／MS法分析了云南8个烤烟品种和1个品种3个海拔高度烟叶中有机酸含量。结果表明，在8个品种中以红大品种的总有机酸含量最高，达79．82mg／g，K346品种次之，最低的是G28品种（50．6mg／g）。其他品种中有机酸含量介于2者之间。海拔不同有机酸含量也不同：烟叶中总有机酸含量在海拔1400～1600m较高，而在1200～1400m海拔最低；丙二酸相对含量随海拔升高而降低，但羟基丁二酸，2-丁烯二酸和柠檬酸的相对含量随海拔升高而增加。

不同生态品种群桃果实糖酸及其组分含量分析

以涵盖我国6个生态品种群的118份桃地方品种为试验材料,对其糖酸组分进行全面分析,以明确不同桃区果实糖酸组分分布特性,为优异糖酸种质筛选提供依据。应用斐林试剂测定果实可溶性糖含量;应用Na OH测定果实可滴定酸含量;应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术测定果实糖组分,离子色谱技术测定果实酸组分。结果表明:西北高旱桃区的品种,主要以可滴定酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、总酸表现出较高的分布水平,蔗糖、总糖、糖酸比、固酸比表现出较低的分布水平;华北平原及长江流域桃区的品种,主要以糖酸比、固酸比表现出较高的分布水平,可滴定酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、总酸表现出较低的分布水平;云贵高原桃区的品种,主要以可溶性糖、蔗糖、总糖表现出较高的分布水平,糖酸比、固酸比表现出较低的分布水平;华南亚热带桃区的品种,主要以蔗糖、总糖、糖酸比、固酸比表现出较高的分布水平,可滴定酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸表现出较低的分布水平;东北高寒桃区的品种,主要以果糖表现出较高的分布水平,糖酸比、固酸比表现出较低的分布水平。6个生态品种群的品种,果糖所占比例以长江流域桃区最高,葡萄糖以西北高旱桃区最高,山梨醇以华南亚热带桃区最高,而东北高寒桃区最低,蔗糖所占比例在不同生态区无明显差别。柠檬酸所占比例以长江流域桃区最高,而华南亚热带桃区最低,奎宁酸所占比例以华南亚热带桃区最高,琥珀酸、苹果酸所占比例在不同生态品种群间无明显差异。