In order to apply nano-particles to the ammonia-water absorption refrigeration, the zinc ferrite nano-particles suspension of ammonia-water solution with the mixed surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDB...In order to apply nano-particles to the ammonia-water absorption refrigeration, the zinc ferrite nano-particles suspension of ammonia-water solution with the mixed surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） is prepared. A series of experiments is performed to investigate the stability of the prepared nanofluid with different contents and proportions of surfactants, different durations of ultrasonic wave vibration and different durations of illumination. The optimal dispersion conditions are 1.5% SDBS, 0. 015% CTAB（mass fraction）, 30 min of ultrasonic vibration and over 72 h of illumination. Finally, based on double electrode layer theory, the influences of the content of the surfactants on the stability of nanofluid are analyzed. The existence of the optimal surfactant content is proved, which is in accordance with the experimental results.展开更多
The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system is a promising solution to provide stable electricity supply. Although the available temperature difference in OTEC systems is small, an ammonia/water mixture as worki...The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system is a promising solution to provide stable electricity supply. Although the available temperature difference in OTEC systems is small, an ammonia/water mixture as working fluid is expected to decrease irreversible losses in the heat exchangers and to improve system performance. However, in actual heat exchangers, an adequate temperature crossing does not occur in the condenser but in the evaporator. Therefore, clarification of this characteristic is important. To date, the logarithmic temperature difference (LMTD) method is used in performance evaluations of OTEC heat exchangers. This method is of limited use if physical properties of fluids vary. A generalized mean temperature difference (GMTD) method is introduced to perform this evaluation. As changes in fluid property values can be considered in the GMTD method, method dependencies on heat exchanger characteristics, effectiveness, and system characteristics can be studied. In particular, GMTD and LMTD using a pure substance were found to be almost equal. Mean temperature differences using mixtures as working fluid were higher in the evaporator, but lower in the condenser, from the GMTD method than from the LMTD method. For higher ammonia concentrations in ammonia/water mixtures, the mean temperature differences from both methods are different.展开更多
以Aspen Plus 10.1为计算工具,评价了16个热力学模型对氨-水体系气液平衡预测的适用性。在中低压下,适宜的模型有LK-PLOCK、PR、RKS和PSRK等状态方程模型以及WILS-RK、NRTL-RK、UNIQUAC-RK和ELECNTRL等活度系数模型。各模型预测的准确...以Aspen Plus 10.1为计算工具,评价了16个热力学模型对氨-水体系气液平衡预测的适用性。在中低压下,适宜的模型有LK-PLOCK、PR、RKS和PSRK等状态方程模型以及WILS-RK、NRTL-RK、UNIQUAC-RK和ELECNTRL等活度系数模型。各模型预测的准确性有如下顺序:PSRK>NRTL-RK>PR>LK-PLOCK>RKS,各模型对液相的预测准确性要明显高于气相。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50876020)
文摘In order to apply nano-particles to the ammonia-water absorption refrigeration, the zinc ferrite nano-particles suspension of ammonia-water solution with the mixed surfactants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） is prepared. A series of experiments is performed to investigate the stability of the prepared nanofluid with different contents and proportions of surfactants, different durations of ultrasonic wave vibration and different durations of illumination. The optimal dispersion conditions are 1.5% SDBS, 0. 015% CTAB（mass fraction）, 30 min of ultrasonic vibration and over 72 h of illumination. Finally, based on double electrode layer theory, the influences of the content of the surfactants on the stability of nanofluid are analyzed. The existence of the optimal surfactant content is proved, which is in accordance with the experimental results.
文摘The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system is a promising solution to provide stable electricity supply. Although the available temperature difference in OTEC systems is small, an ammonia/water mixture as working fluid is expected to decrease irreversible losses in the heat exchangers and to improve system performance. However, in actual heat exchangers, an adequate temperature crossing does not occur in the condenser but in the evaporator. Therefore, clarification of this characteristic is important. To date, the logarithmic temperature difference (LMTD) method is used in performance evaluations of OTEC heat exchangers. This method is of limited use if physical properties of fluids vary. A generalized mean temperature difference (GMTD) method is introduced to perform this evaluation. As changes in fluid property values can be considered in the GMTD method, method dependencies on heat exchanger characteristics, effectiveness, and system characteristics can be studied. In particular, GMTD and LMTD using a pure substance were found to be almost equal. Mean temperature differences using mixtures as working fluid were higher in the evaporator, but lower in the condenser, from the GMTD method than from the LMTD method. For higher ammonia concentrations in ammonia/water mixtures, the mean temperature differences from both methods are different.
文摘以Aspen Plus 10.1为计算工具,评价了16个热力学模型对氨-水体系气液平衡预测的适用性。在中低压下,适宜的模型有LK-PLOCK、PR、RKS和PSRK等状态方程模型以及WILS-RK、NRTL-RK、UNIQUAC-RK和ELECNTRL等活度系数模型。各模型预测的准确性有如下顺序:PSRK>NRTL-RK>PR>LK-PLOCK>RKS,各模型对液相的预测准确性要明显高于气相。
