Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane for the repair of radial nerve injury

In this study, we loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells onto human amniotic membrane with epithelial cells to prepare nerve conduits, i.e., a relatively closed nerve regeneration chamber. After neurolysis, the injured radial nerve was enwrapped with the prepared nerve conduit, which was fixed to the epineurium by sutures, with the cell on the inner surface of the conduit. Simultaneously, a 1.0 mL aliquot of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the distal and proximal ends of the injured radial nerve with 1.0 cm intervals. A total of 1.75 x 107 cells were seeded on the amniotic membrane. In the control group, patients received only neurolysis. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, more than 80% of patients exhibited obvious improvements in muscular strength, and touch and pain sensations. In contrast, these improvements were observed only in 55-65% of control patients. At 8 and 12 weeks, muscular electrophysiological function in the region dominated by the injured radial nerve was significantly better in the transplantation group than the control group. After cell transplantation, no immunological rejections were observed. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane can be used for the repair of radial nerve injury.

Culture and Identification of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Objective To establish the method of isolation, purification, and identification of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Methods hAMSCs were isolated from human amniotic membrane by trypsin-collagenase digestion, and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medinm/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Phenotypic characteristics of these cells were analyzed by means of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results The cells successfully isolated from human amniotic membrane expressed representative mesenchymal cell surface markers CD44, CD90, and vimentin, but not CD45. Conclusions This study establishes a potential method for isolation of hAMSCs from human amnion, in vitro culture, and identification. The isolated cells show phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.

The Osteogenic Capacity of Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hAMSC) and Potential for Application in Maxillofacial Bone Reconstruction <i>in Vitro</i>Study

Amniotic membrane of human placenta is a source of abundant mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) which makes it a potential source of allogeneic multipotent cell for bone healing. However, much has to be explored about its isolation procedure and the osteogenic differentiation potential. The aims of this study are to establish the procurement procedure of human amniotic membrane, the isolation and culture of hAMSC, the MSC phenotypic characterization, and the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hAMSC. Results of the study are as follows. The quality of human amniotic membrane would be best if procured from Caesarean operation under highly aseptic condition to avoid fungal and bacterial contamination on the culture. Isolation procedure using modified Soncini protocol yielded large amount of MSC with high proliferative capacity in culture medium. Characterization of hAMSC showed that the majority of the target cells exhibited specific MSC markers (CD105 and CD90) with a small number of these cells expressing CD45, the marker of hematopoeitic cells. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hAMSC followed by Alizarin Red staining showed that osteoblastic differentiation was detected in a significantly high number of cells. This study concludes that hAMSCs isolated from human amniotic membrane have the capacity for in vitro osteogenesis which makes them be one of the potential allogeneic stem cells for application in maxillofacial bone reconstruction.

Healing Mechanism and Osteogenic Capacity of Bovine Bone Mineral—Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Celland Autogenous Bone Graft in Critical Size Mandibular Defect

Experiments on maxillofacial bone tissue engineering showed the promising result;however, its healing mechanisms and effectiveness had not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to compare the bone healing mechanism and osteogenic capacity between bovine bone mineral loaded with hAMSC and autogenous bone graft in the reconstruction of critical size mandibular bone defect. Critical size defects were made at the mandible of 45 New Zealand white rabbits reconstructed with BBM-hAMSC, BBM alone, and ABG, respectively. At the end of first, second, and twelfth weeks, five rabbits from each experimental week were sacrificed for histology and immunohistochemistry staining. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone mor-phogenic proteins-2 (BMP2), Runx2 and the amount of angiogenesis were analyzed in the first and second week groups, while expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin, collagen type-I fibres, trabecular area and bone incorporation were analyzed in the twelfth week groups. The result showed that expressions of VEGF, BMP2 and Runx2 as well as the amount of angiogenesis were higher in ABG compared with BBM-hAMSC group in the first and second weeks of healing. The result of twelfth week of healing showed that expressions of Runx2 and osteocalcin as well as the thickness of collagen type-I fibres were significantly higher in BBM-hAMSC compared to ABG group, while there was no statistically difference in trabecular area and bone incorporation between BBM-hAMSC and ABG group. This study concluded that early healing activities were higher in auto-genous bone graft than in BBM-hAMSC, while osteogenic activities in the late stage of healing were higher in BBM-hAMSC compared to autogenous bone graft. It was also concluded that the osteo-genic capacity of BBM-hAMSC was comparable to autogenous bone graft in the reconstruction of critical size defect in the mandible.

Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential

In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative andadvantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine.

Enhanced hepatic differentiation in the subpopulation of human amniotic stem cells under 3D multicellular microenvironment

BACKGROUND To solve the problem of liver transplantation donor insufficiency,an alternative cell transplantation therapy was investigated.We focused on amniotic epithelial cells(AECs)as a cell source because,unlike induced pluripotent stem cells,they are cost-effective and non-tumorigenic.The utilization of AECs in regenerative medicine,however,is in its infancy.A general profile for AECs has not been comprehensively analyzed.Moreover,no hepatic differentiation protocol for AECs has yet been established.To this end,we independently compiled human AEC libraries,purified amniotic stem cells(ASCs),and co-cultured them with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVECs)in a 3D system which induces functional hepatic organoids.AIM To characterize AECs and generate functional hepatic organoids from ASCs and other somatic stem cells METHODS AECs,MSCs,and HUVECs were isolated from the placentae and umbilical cords of cesarean section patients.Amnion and primary AEC stemness characteristics and heterogeneity were analyzed by immunocytochemistry,Alkaline phosphatase(AP)staining,and flow cytometry.An adherent AEC subpopulation was selected and evaluated for ASC purification quality by a colony formation assay.AEC transcriptomes were compared with those for other hepatocytes cell sources by bioinformatics.The 2D and 3D culture were compared by relative gene expression using several differentiation protocols.ASCs,MSCs,and HUVECs were combined in a 3D co-culture system to generate hepatic organoids whose structure was compared with a 3D AEC sphere and whose function was elucidated by immunofluorescence imaging,periodic acid Schiff,and an indocyanine green(ICG)test.RESULTS AECs have certain stemness markers such as EPCAM,SSEA4,and E-cadherin.One AEC subpopulation was also either positive for AP staining or expressed the TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 stemness markers.Moreover,it could form colonies and its frequency was enhanced ten-fold in the adherent subpopulation after selective primary passage.Bioinformatics analysis of ribose nucleic acid sequencing revealed that the total AEC gene expression was distant from those of pluripotent stem cells and hepatocytes but some gene expression overlapped among these cells.TJP1,associated with epidermal growth factor receptor,and MET,associated with hepatocyte growth factor receptor,were upregulated and may be important for hepatic differentiation.In conventional flat culture,the cells turned unviable and did not readily differentiate into hepatocytes.In 3D culture,however,hepatic gene expression of the AEC sphere was elevated even under a two-step differentiation protocol.Furthermore,the organoids derived from the MSC and HUVEC co-culture showed 3D structure with polarity,hepatic-like glycogen storage,and ICG absorption/elimination.CONCLUSION Human amniotic epithelial cells are heterogeneous and certain subpopulations have high stemness.Under a 3D co-culture system,functional hepatic organoids were generated in a multicellular microenvironment.

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential

学习的主要目标是多识别人的新奇来源有势力房间，克服涉及胚胎的干细胞研究和很成年的干细胞的有限可获得性的道德的问题。羊膜的液体房间(声频抗流圈) 习惯性地为出生前的诊断被获得并且能在 vitro 被扩展；他们的起源和性质的不过当前的知识是有限的。声频抗流圈的二十件样品在文化暴露于 adipogenic， osteogenic，神经原并且 myogenic 媒介。区别用免疫细胞化学， RT-PCR 并且西方的弄污被评估。在处理前，声频抗流圈显示出异构的形态学。他们为 MyoD， Myf-5， MRF4， Myogenin 和 Desmin 是否定的但是为由 RT-PCR 的 osteocalcin， PPARgamma2， GAP43， NSE， Nestin， MAP2， GFAP 和贝它导管素 III 积极。房间表示了 Oct-4， Rex-1 和 Runx-1，它描绘无差别的干细胞状态。由免疫细胞化学，他们表示了 neural-glial 蛋白质，间充质、上皮的标记。在文化以后，当占优势的细胞的部件是 fibroblastic 时，声频抗流圈区分了进 adipocytes 和造骨细胞。就算没有 neuronal 形态学是可检测的，早、迟了的 neuronal 抗原仍然是在在神经特定的媒介的 2 星期文化以后的现在。我们的结果提供人的羊膜的液体与为几个系显示出茎和织物特定的基因 / 蛋白质存在的多系潜力包含祖先房间的证据。

Stem cell therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: A promising therapeutic strategy?

Inflammatory bowel diseases are inflammatory, chronic and progressive diseases of the intestinal tract for which no curative treatment is available. Research in other fields with stem cells of different sources and with immunoregulatory cells(regulatory T-lymphocytes and dendritic T-cells) opens up new expectations for their use in these diseases. The goal for stem cell-based therapy is to provide a permanent cure. To achieve this, it will be necessary to obtain a cellular product, original or genetically modified, that has a high migration capacity and homes into the intestine, has high survival after transplantation, regulates the immune reaction while not being visible to the patient's immune system, and repairs the injured tissue.

Biomimetic cell-adhesive ligand-functionalized peptide composite hydrogels maintain stemness of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells

In vivo,stem cells reside in a three-dimensional(3D)extracellular microenvironment in which complicated biophysical and biochemical factors regulate their behaviors.Biomimicking of the stem cellmatrix interactions is an ideal approach for controlling the stem cell fate.This study investigates the effects of the incorporation of cell-adhesive ligands in 3D self-assembling peptide hydrogels to modulate stem cell survival,proliferation,maintenance of stemness,and osteogenic differentiation.The results show that the composite hydrogels were non-cytotoxic and effective for maintaining human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell(hAMSC)survival,proliferation and phenotypic characterization.The expression levels of pluripotent markers were also upregulated in the composite hydrogels.Under inductive media conditions,mineral deposition and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic genes of hAMSCs were enhanced.The increasing expression of integrin aand b-subunits for hAMSCs indicates that the ligandintegrin interactions may modulate the cell fate for hAMSCs in composite hydrogels.

The Use of Hypothermically Stored Amniotic Membrane for Cartilage Repair: A Sheep Study

Objective: To evaluate the use of hypothermically stored human amniotic membrane for cartilage repair in adult sheep. Studies show that human amniotic membrane contains pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells that can be influenced to produce chondrocytes. It is unknown if human amniotic cells can produce hyaline-like cartilage. This study evaluates the use of hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) to fill chondral defects in a sheep model. We hypothesized HSAM would fill defects with hyaline-like cartilage with chondrocytes populating the matrix. One sheep was used as a control, and four sheep received amniotic membrane. Two of these sheep were used as a normal control comparison. A 1 cm2 defect was created on the trochlear grove in all specimens. Each membrane was sized and laid over with the stromal layer facing the subchondral bone and covered with Fibrin sealant. The knees were harvested at five months and underwent morphological, histological, and immunohistological evaluation based on the original validated scoring system by O’Driscoll. The control defect didn’t fill in with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. The defects that successfully retained the graft had evidence of diffuse chondrocyte cell proliferation and showed a stromal matrix similar to hyaline cartilage. The graft samples showed a near 100% morphological fill in the HSAM defect contrasting to <10% fill in the control defect. The retained HSAM grafts scored 2.5 on a 0 - 3 cartilage appearance scale compared with 0.5 for the control defects. HSAM is a potential source of pluripotent cells that can influence chondrogenesis in a sheep model. The implications for application in a human model are promising and warrant further study.

过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞促进小鼠皮肤创面愈合

背景:神经调节蛋白1具有促进细胞增殖、分化以及血管生长等特性。人羊膜间充质干细胞是组织工程领域重要的种子细胞,已被证实参与组织修复及再生过程。目的:构建过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞,探究其增殖、迁移能力以及对创面愈合的影响。方法:(1)体外分离培养人羊膜间充质干细胞并对其进行鉴定;(2)构建神经调节蛋白1过表达慢病毒,将人羊膜间充质干细胞分为空载组、神经调节蛋白1组、对照组,分别转染空载慢病毒、过表达神经调节蛋白1慢病毒,对照组不进行转染;(3)EdU实验检测各组细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移能力;(4)构建C57BL/6小鼠创面损伤模型,随机分成对照组、空载组和神经调节蛋白1组,每组8只,分别在创面局部多点均匀注射1 mL转染空载慢病毒或转染过表达神经调节蛋白1慢病毒的人羊膜间充质干细胞,对照组注射等量的生理盐水;(5)造模后1,7,14 d观察创面愈合情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察创面愈合组织学变化,免疫组化观察创面CD31的表达。结果与结论:(1)成功构建过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞,细胞内神经调节蛋白1的mRNA、蛋白表达较空载组明显上调(P<0.05);(2)过表达神经调节蛋白1促进了人羊膜间充质干细胞的迁移(P<0.01)和增殖(P<0.05);(3)过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞促进了小鼠创面愈合(P<0.05)和创面的血管生成(P<0.05)。结果表明,过表达神经调节蛋白1提高了人羊膜间充质干细胞的增殖和迁移能力,以及增强了促进创面愈合和创面血管生成的能力。

人羊膜间充质干细胞对大鼠子宫瘢痕的修复作用

目的探究人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)对大鼠子宫瘢痕的修复作用。方法分离培养hAMSCs,选雌性SPF级SD大鼠行子宫壁全层切开术,术中注射hAMSCs,于术后第30天对子宫切开部位进行组织学检查。用ImageJ图像分析软件进行分析比较各组子宫肌层厚度、纤维化面积百分比。免疫组化法分别检测子宫肌层α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤增殖抗原Ki-67(Ki-67)阳性面积百分比。结果与磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)组相比,hAMSCs组子宫肌层明显增厚、纤维化面积减少,α-SMA、Ki-67阳性表达明显增加(P<0.05),而TGF-β1阳性表达明显减少(P<0.05)。。结论人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)可能通过减少瘢痕纤维化的形成、促进子宫瘢痕处平滑肌细胞的增殖等作用机制促进子宫切口组织修复。

VEGF基因修饰大鼠羊膜间充质干细胞对肾病综合征大鼠血液生化指标的影响

目的:探究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因修饰大鼠羊膜间充质干细胞对肾病综合征大鼠血液生化指标的影响。方法:选取60只雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,各15例,分别为对照组(健康)、模型组(肾病综合征)、治疗1组(羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)、治疗2组(VEGF基因修饰羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)。观察4组肾组织病理形态学及羊膜间充质干细胞存活、分布情况,并比较尿肌酐(SCr)、血尿素(BU)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UTP)、阻力指数(RI)、舒张期末期流速(EDV)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及肾组织VEGF相关表达。结果:对照组大鼠肾组织具有完整清晰结构,模型组大鼠肾组肾小球表现为肿胀,肾小球内存在较多细胞,系膜区明显增宽,系膜细胞及基质中到重度增生;相较于模型组,各治疗组病理改变均较轻,各治疗组病理改变程度均较模型组轻,其中治疗1组病理改变较治疗2组病理改变明显;对照组及模型组大鼠肾组织均未见荧光细胞;治疗1组、治疗2组大鼠肾组织均可见红色荧光的阳性细胞,且仅可见于肾间质及小管内,在肾小球中未见其表达。与治疗1组比较,治疗2组阳性细胞较多;与对照组比较,模型组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均较模型组明显降低,且治疗2组最低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组RI明显升高,PSV、EDV明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组PSV、EDV均较模型组显著升高,RI水平较模型组显著降低,且治疗2组RI最低,PSV、EDV最高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均较模型组显著升高,且治疗2组最高(P<0.05)。结论:经VEGF基因修饰的羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗,可显著改善肾病综合征大鼠血脂水平、微炎症状态、肾功能及肾动脉血流,效果更为显著,可为肾病综合征细胞移植治疗提供有力依据。

不同胚层来源成体干细胞修复周围神经损伤

背景:成体干细胞疗法是周围神经损伤修复与再生领域的研究热点之一。中胚层被视为成体干细胞的理想来源,间充质干细胞具有获得率高、来源广、增殖快等优异性能。而外胚层来源成体干细胞,尤其是神经嵴干细胞,具有神经源性,越来越受到研究人员的关注。目的:对来自外胚层和中胚层的多功能成体干细胞在周围神经损伤修复与再生中的作用及机制进行简要综述,探究不同来源成体干细胞的研究进展与应用前景,并结合临床研究,探讨成体干细胞疗法潜在的应用价值以及亟待解决的问题。方法:第一作者于2024年2月应用计算机在PubMed和SinoMed数据库检索2001年12月至2024年2月相关文献,以“ectodermal stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,peripheral nerve injury,repair,regeneration”为英文检索词,以“外胚层干细胞、间充质干细胞、周围神经损伤、修复、再生”为中文检索词,最终纳入69篇文献进行分析论述。结果与结论:①外胚层来源成体干细胞具有优异的分化和再生潜能,尤其是毛囊神经嵴干细胞、嗅干细胞、牙外胚层干细胞等,具有神经源性,可在体外表达神经特异性标志物,但目前缺少临床试验研究。②中胚层来源成体干细胞种类多、易获得及纯化,其中骨髓间充质干细胞和脐带间充质干细胞在周围神经损伤修复的应用疗效及安全性方面有相关临床试验支持,能改善感觉及运动神经传导,且在随访中未出现并发症和明显不良反应。骨髓间充质干细胞的获取需行侵入性外科手术且要求患者与捐赠者骨髓配型吻合,应用受到一定限制;而脐带间充质干细胞虽无需侵入性获取,但分离较困难且表型不稳定。③内胚层来源成体干细胞常难以在体外生长,应用受限,目前应用于临床的可能性低。④综合来看,骨髓间充质干细胞仍为周围神经损伤干细胞治疗的首选细胞,适用于无外科手术禁忌且符合配型要求的情况,其次为脐带间充质干细胞,辅以分离方法的改进和表型稳定性的提高策略。⑤牙外胚层干细胞以及脂肪间充质干细胞具有较高应用潜能,有待进一步临床试验,其他外胚层、中胚层来源成体干细胞各以其优异特性在动物及细胞实验研究中具有显著优势。

人羊膜间充质干细胞对松木屑烟雾溶液染毒大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞增殖、凋亡及炎症因子影响的研究

背景烟雾吸入性肺损伤在烧伤患者中较为常见,吸入的有毒气体、颗粒等易引起急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI),目前无特异性治疗方法。目的研究人羊膜间充质干细胞(human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells,hAMSCs)对松木屑烟雾溶液染毒大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(alveolar typeⅡepithelial cells,AT-Ⅱ)增殖、凋亡及炎症因子的影响。方法采用酶消化法分离培养hAMSCs和AT-Ⅱ,采用流式细胞术和免疫荧光分别鉴定hAMSCs和AT-Ⅱ;松木屑烟雾溶液染毒AT-Ⅱ复制烟雾诱导的细胞损伤。实验细胞分为对照组(无血清DMEM/F12)、致伤组(0.75‰松木屑烟雾溶液染毒)和治疗组(0.75‰松木屑烟雾溶液染毒,hAMSCs与AT-Ⅱ共培养)。采用CCK-8检测细胞的增殖活性;Annexin V-FITC/PI染色检测细胞凋亡;Elisa检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6和IL-10的表达。结果与对照组比较,致伤组AT-Ⅱ的活性降低(P<0.01),经hAMSCs治疗后,与致伤组比较,AT-Ⅱ细胞活性增加(P<0.01);致伤组细胞的凋亡率在12 h和24 h均增加(P<0.01),hAMSCs治疗后细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.01);细胞致伤后炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的含量增加(P<0.05),经hAMSCs共培养12 h和24 h后,促炎因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达均下调(P<0.05),IL-10含量增加(P<0.05)。结论hAMSCs可以促进松木屑烟雾溶液诱导的AT-Ⅱ增殖和抑制细胞凋亡,可能与调节炎症因子的表达有关,为探究hAMSCs治疗烟雾引起的急性肺损伤提供理论依据。

羊膜间充质干细胞经PGE2/EP2途径调节类风湿关节炎患者T细胞免疫

目的探讨人羊膜间充质干细胞(AMSCs)调节类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者T细胞免疫的作用与涉及PGE2/EP2途径的机制。方法含RA患者自体血浆的培养基非接触共培养AMSCs与RA患者外周血来源T细胞,实验分为T细胞组、AMSCs组、共培养组和EP2组,流式细胞术检测T细胞亚群和炎症因子,ELISA法检测PGE2和IL-6,Western blot检测PI3K、Akt及其磷酸化蛋白水平。结果AMSCs降低RA患者T细胞增殖数量和Th17细胞比例,增高Treg细胞比例和Treg/Th17比值,减少共培养上清液IL-17含量,这些效应可被40 nmol/L的EP2受体拮抗剂AH6809所阻断。与AMSC组相比,共培养组细胞培养上清液中IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的含量明显降低,EP2受体拮抗剂组与共培养组比较无明显差异。AMSCs增加T细胞p-PI3K蛋白水平,降低p-AKT蛋白水平,EP2受体拮抗剂只逆转AMSCs对p-AKT蛋白的下调。结论AMSCs抑制RA患者T细胞增殖、上调Treg/Th17和下调IL-17分泌的作用机制涉及激活PGE2/EP2途径。

Induction of corneal epithelial progenitors from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rhesus monkeys in vitro

Bioengineered corneas are substitutes for human donor tissue that are designed to treat severe dis-ease affecting ocular surfaces. However,a shortage of candidate seed cells for bioengineering corneas is still a problem. Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of multilineage differen-tiation. Therefore,we determined whether MSCs differentiate into corneal epithelial cells (ECs). We applied three exoteric-microenvironmental systems to induce MSCs to become ECs. Induced MSC were identified by means of morphologic examination,immunocytochemical analysis,and flow cytometry. MSCs grown in one microenvironment had characteristics similar to those of corneal epithelial pro-genitors. Induced MSCs expressed markers for EC,including integrin β1,Cx43,Pax6,and P63. MSCs were successfully induced to become corneal epithelial progenitors. Therefore,the use of MSCs may hold substantial promise for reconstructing the ocular surface after corneal injury.

Applications of human amniotic fluid stem cells in wound healing

Complete wound regeneration preserves skin structure and physiological functions,including sensation and perception of stimuli,whereas incomplete wound regeneration results in fibrosis and scarring.Amniotic fluid stem cells(AFSCs)would be a kind of cell population with self-renewing and non-immunogenic ability that have a considerable role in wound generation.They are easy to harvest,culture,and store;moreover,they are non-tumorigenic and not subject to ethical restrictions.They can differentiate into different kinds of cells that replenish the skin,subcutaneous tissues,and accessory organs.Additionally,AFSCs independently produce paracrine effectors and secrete them in exosomes,thereby modulating local immune cell activity.They demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,regulate the physicochemical microenvironment of the wound,and promote full wound regeneration.Thus,AFSCs are potential resources in stem cell therapy,especially in scar-free wound healing.This review describes the biological characteristics and clinical applications of AFSCs in treating wounds and provide new ideas for the treatment of wound healing.

不同体积分数氧气预处理人羊膜间充质干细胞的生物学特性

背景:近年来,干细胞在组织损伤修复中发挥着重要作用,其中间充质干细胞移植应用最为广泛,间充质干细胞可以通过旁分泌细胞因子促进损伤组织的修复,低氧预处理可以改善间充质干细胞的生物学特性,因而,低氧预处理的人羊膜间充质干细胞可能在组织损伤修复中起到更好的治疗作用。目的:探讨不同体积分数氧气预处理对人羊膜间充质干细胞增殖、抗凋亡能力、旁分泌作用的影响。方法:利用酶消化法获得原代人羊膜间充质干细胞,将第3代人羊膜间充质干细胞通过不同体积分数氧气进行预处理48 h,随机分为1%,3%,5%,10%低氧预处理组和常氧对照组体积分数21%氧气,倒置显微镜下观察人羊膜间充质干细胞的形态,CCK-8检测人羊膜间充质干细胞的增殖能力,Annexin V-FITC/PI试剂盒检测人羊膜间充质干细胞的凋亡情况,实时定量PCR法检测人羊膜间充质干细胞凋亡基因和缺氧诱导因子的表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测人羊膜间充质干细胞分泌的细胞因子水平。结果与结论:显微镜下观察不同体积分数氧气预处理组人羊膜间充质干细胞的形态无明显差异,低氧预处理能提高人羊膜间充质干细胞的增殖、抗凋亡和旁分泌细胞因子的能力,且体积分数1%氧气预处理效果优于体积分数3%,5%,10%,21%氧气预处理。

人羊膜间充质干细胞在女性生殖系统的应用前景

人羊膜间质干细胞具有来源广泛、对供体无创伤、低免疫原性、无明显致瘤性、多种分化潜能的特点,其通过趋化作用到达目标组织,同时能分泌多种细胞因子,具有抗炎、抗纤维化、促进组织修复和再生的功能。女性卵巢功能减退会导致排卵异常、生殖激素分泌不足等,而子宫内膜基底层受损导致自身修复不良,从而造成生殖系统病变。目前临床上的常规治疗方法并不能满足患者的生育需求,多项研究表明,人羊膜间充质干细胞在女性生殖领域具有较好的应用前景。本文总结人羊膜间充质干细胞的生理特性,探讨其在女性生殖的应用前景。