认知理论指导下的英语介词习得研究——以介词between和among的认知语义分析为例

英语介词主要表达事物间的相互关系,在句子结构上来说就是一种句式。Between和among句式中各个成分的隐喻使其在英语中广泛应用。在认知理论的指导下,以意象图式为基点,通过研究介词句式的引申机制和辐射网络探讨了理论对英语介词的习得的重要指导作用。

Devonian Sea-Level Change Rhythms in South China and Coupling Relationships Among the Earth-spheres

Twenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea-level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D22) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea-level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling-rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F / F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be related to the pulsating expanding and contracting of the oceanic basin volume or the earth volume pulsation, rather than the common glaciation and plate tectonism. The coupling-rhythmic SLC related to the F/ F event is a sensitive indicator of the interaction between terrestrial and extraterrestrial factors, and coordinated action among the earth-spheres.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

Student contacts of tuberculosis（TB）cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）,and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them.This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment.

Listening Barriers Among Chinese Students And Training Tactics

Listening is very important in the learning of English language. Most of our Chinese students regard listening comprehension as the most difficult part among all kinds of examinations. So if we can find the reasons why the students exist such barriers that prevent them from understanding, and give them ways of training it, I’m sure it will help the students to improve their ability of language learning.

Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease among Women

Stroke falls under the umbrella of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the number one killer of Americans. CVD, including stroke and heart disease, takes about 267,000 women’s lives every year [1]. In the present study, a health risk assessment of a population of women residing in North-eastern Pennsylvania was conducted to provide an estimate of vulnerability to stroke on the basis of medical history, genetic predisposition, and other lifestyle factors. Using the Health Belief model of Rosenstock, Strecher, and Becker [2] and the stage model of Prochaska, Diflemente, and Norcross [3], a health promotion plan was developed to address the needs of that population. An evaluation of risks that can and cannot be modified is developed to help people understand the basic lifestyle changes that could be made to prevent CVD, which includes stroke. An action plan was developed to lower the risk of stroke among women based on their individual needs and to raise awareness throughout the United States. Individuals should take the essential precautions for their personal cases. This will substantially lower the risk of CVD, especially stroke, among women.

HIV/AIDS Related Stigma among Male Labor Migrants in Nepal

Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six months abroad were asked different questions related to sexual behavior, knowledge on HIV/AIDS & condom and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Stigma was measured on a three-point rating scale as high, average and low stigma. About 58% of migrants had the view “I would rather not know if I have HIV” followed by “I don’t want to be friends with people living with HIV” (53.6% migrants) and “people with HIV are cursed” (35.5% migrants). High stigma was present among 15.5% of the total respondents with high proportion among those with higher age, lower education, rural residence, and no knowledge on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) service. About a quarter of respondents were of the view that migrants infected with HIV while abroad should not be allowed to return Nepal. Some level of stigma on HIV/AIDS exists among male labor migrants in Nepal. Interventions aiming at reducing stigma should consider the factors like migrants’ age, education, place of residence and knowledge on VCT services.

Differences in Self-Assessment Regarding Eating Behaviors among Female University Students Living in Japan, Korea, and Austria

Objective: To investigate cross-cultural differences in self-assessments of eating behaviors of female university students who bear responsibility for their own eating behaviors and who will, in the future, likely determine a family’s eating style. Design: A cross-cultural comparison. Setting: Japan, South Korea, and Austria. Subjects: Female university students from Japan (n = 276), Korea (n = 103), and Austria (n = 127). The survey comprised a questionnaire containing ten sections about eating behaviors (eating habits, regular meal times, and frequency of food intake) and eating attitudes. Results: Eating behaviors and attitudes differed significantly among the three cultures. Japanese students practiced healthier eating behaviors than did Korean and Austrian students, on the basis of their variety of food intake and regular consumption of three meals, but rated themselves lower on healthy eating behaviors. Austrian students tended to have more independent attitudes toward eating and food preparation (e.g., “I want to eat only my favorite dishes”) than Japanese or Korean students. Conclusions: Effects of cultural differences in psychological processes, such as self-cognition, emotion, motivation, and values, on self-assessment of eating behaviors is suggested.

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems

The interaction problem among fractures under the action of compressional stress is studied in this paper by using the finite element method and boundary element method respectively.The mechanical criteria which differentiate between the independent fractures and fracture systems and their computation methods are presented in this paper.The proportional conditions between length and spacing of fractures that exist interaction for several kinds of fracture groups of different geometric arrangement are given.The effect of interaction among fractures on the displacement field,stress field and strain energy distribution are computed.The relations between the fracture system of conjugate array and conjugate earthquakes are also discussed in this paper.

Delirium Severity and Correlates among Medical Inpatients Admitted through Accident and Emergency Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital

Background: Delirium is one of the most common medical emergencies and is associated with poor outcomes including: mortality, prolonged length of stay and poor functional outcome. The more severe delirium is the worst the clinical outcomes of medical illness. Despite the obvious, not much has been documented on delirium severity and its associated factors among medical inpatients in low income countries including Nigeria. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the severity of delirium among medical inpatients admitted through the Accident and Emergency unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital as well as to assess its associated Sociodemographic and Clinical characteristics. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that employed a consecutive sampling technique to select 290 eligible subjects from medical inpatients that presented to Accident and Emergency unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital. On admission, patients were assessed for delirium using Confusion Assessment Method and severity of delirium was evaluated using Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. Results: Of the 105 delirious medical inpatients, 48 (45.7%) had severe delirium, 41 (39.1%) developed less severe delirium while 16 (15.2) presented with no severe delirium. Sociodemographic characteristics found to be significantly associated with less to more severe delirium include male gender (P = 0.001), nonprofessionals (P = 0.003), income range of N20,000 - N49,000 (P Conclusion: This study demonstrates that delirium is often associated with higher severity in Accident and Emergency unit admission and there are strongly associated clinical characteristics to watch out for in high risk medical inpatients.

Prevalence of Dyspareunia and Its Effect on Sexual Life among Gynaecological Clinic Attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

Introduction: Dyspareunia is one of the most common complaints in gynae-cologic practice with tremendous effect on both quality of life and sexual rela-tionship of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life among gynaecology clinic attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting participants between 12th May 2016 and 25th July 2016. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used collection information on dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life at the Gynaecology clinic. The data was analyzed using Epiinfo version 7.1.5. Results: One hundred and four (104) women participated in this study. Most of the women studied were Igbos (95.19%), and were mainly between the age ranges of 21 - 30 years (66.35%). Most of them were married (89.42%), and were also mainly of the Pentecostal denomination (40.78%). The mean age at coitarche was 20.6 ± 3.95 years. Prevalence of dyspareunia was 36% and only 16% sought medical help. The various responses to dyspareunia were avoidance of sex 11%, reduced frequency of intercourse 8%, less desire for sex 19%, while majority of women with dyspareunia tolerated it (62%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspareunia is high in our society afflicting young women in their reproductive years with associated enormous stress on their sexual life.

The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmitted from person to person, through inhalation of droplet nuclei aerosolized by coughing of an infected person. It reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 18th and 19th centuries. The incubation period is 2 - 6 weeks and the control has been complicated with emergence of HIV and drug-resistant TB. In 1993, World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a global emergency. However, despite the concerted effort of National TB control programs, adoption and implementation of Stop TB strategy, TB has remained a major public health challenge with high mortality rate, especially in developing countries. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, evaluated using the positivist/quantitative approach. The study was conducted at FederalMedical Centre Umuahia, a tertiary specialist hospital with comprehensive TB/HIV treatment services. All the presumptive drug-resistant TB cases and symptomatic PLHIV were screened for HIV and their sputum specimens were tested for tuberculosis using the Gene xpert and the Ziehl- Neelsen technique for detecting Acid Fast bacilli. A pretested structured questionnaire was used tocollect the demographic data and other essential data from the presumptive TB and laboratory registers such as total number of TB presumptive cases registered HIV status, AFB status and rifampicin status within the study period. Result: A total of 493 presumptive TB cases were screened in the study, 49.9% were HIV positive while 50.05% were HIV negative. More so, 77.85% of thescreened cases were AFB negative and 22.15% were AFB positive. Moreover, 11% of the TB/HIV co-infected patients were rifampicin positive. Interestingly among the 493 cases screened with gene xpert machine, 3.6% were rifampicin positive. Furthermore, 3.6% of the HIV negative cases were rifampicin positive while 1.6% of the HIV positive cases were rifampicin positive. Discussion: The data depict lower rifampicin resistance among HIV positive cases than HIV negative cases. The implication for public health professionals is to intensify equitable and unbiased search for resistant TB cases among smear negative and positive cases.

Strategic interaction among local governments, fiscal spending competition and regional economic growth

Using a spatial econometric model, this paper investigates strategic interaction among provincial governments regarding expenditures, the mechanism behind expenditures interaction and their effects on economic growth in China. Our conclusion is as follows: Significant strategic interaction exists among provincial governments regarding expenditures mainly owing to fiscal competition mechanism in China, and expenditures interaction has changed significantly since tax sharing system reform, which has had positive effects on regional economic growth. This conclusion has significant implications for the optimization of public functions, size and structure of local governments in China.

Addressing the public health concerns of physical inactivity, low levels of fitness, and unhealthy weight among Chinese school-aged children

In China, sports and physical activity （PA） have tradition- ally been an integral part of school curricula to promote fitness and enhance healthy growth among children and ado- lescents. Three decades of economic reforms, however, have brought major changes in social, economic.

文明互鉴:中国自主知识体系建构的重要意识

自晚清民初西方学术传入中国以来,基于西方话语体系和学术体系建构的文科知识体系近乎主导了中国文科百年以来的构建进程。在这百余年间,如何重塑中国哲学社会科学的知识体系,重建中国理论话语一直都是世纪之题,是一代又一代中国学人孜孜以求力图解决的目标,而“建构中国自主知识体系”命题的提出引发了又一轮激烈的研讨。文章指出中国自主知识体系的建构不仅要立足中国实际、中国经验,更需要将中国文化放置于“文明互鉴”的视野下审视西方经验、西方实践以及西方理论。通过史实的梳证可知,包括“浪漫主义”“意象派”“新批评”“生态伦理批评”等诸多英美文论的形成明显汲取了来自中国文化哲学的元素。以此延展,文章提出了中外文论互鉴史研究、文论他国化变异研究、比较诗学变异研究等以中国为视角、以中国理论为建构方法的新领域,提出属于自身的标志性概念、创新性问题。做到知识自主,更要做到阐释自主,才能解决话语问题,解决人文社会科学“说不出”“不想说”“不敢说”的“卡嗓子”难题。

习近平文化思想形成历程论纲

党的十八大以来,习近平同志站在实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略高度和历史高度,面对世情、国情、党情不断变化的新形势,提出了新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设方面的一系列新思想新观点新论断,形成了习近平文化思想。作为一个不断展开的、开放式的思想体系,习近平文化思想之所以能够具备“明体达用、体用贯通”的理论品格与思想特质,必当有其渊源有自的形成历程。揆诸习近平文化思想形成历程,文化自信塑造了其理论底色,文化发展道路明确了其发展指向,文明交流互鉴彰显了其天下立场,文化强国与中华民族现代文明展现了其宏远目标。习近平文化思想体现了鲜明的实践性与总体性、民族性与时代性、现实性与理想性、包容性与原则性的高度统一,是引领新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的行动指南。

“双碳”目标下农户兼业与农村生活能源消费转型

促进农村生活能源消费转型对于我国能源消费结构优化以及“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。基于2022年实地调研数据,实证分析农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明,农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型有显著促进作用,推动农村能源消费结构逐渐由以生物质能源为主向以商品能源为主转变。进一步机制分析显示,农户兼业通过提升家庭收入及优化收入结构、土地资本挤出、人力资本挤出和生态自觉性提升促进农村生活能源消费转型。此外,农户兼业促进农村生活能源消费转型存在代际、兼业地区和行业差异。因此,提出进一步破除城乡资源流动壁垒,完善农民工省外流动机制;加强生态文明建设,大力培育农户生态自觉性;推动乡村产业升级,促进农民收入量、质提升的对策建议。

国有资产收益全民分享与共同养老金制度设计

落实以全民所有制为根基的社会主义制度,必须建立现实具体的国有资产收益全民分享机制,让全体人民分享归他们所有的国有资产收益。将部分国有资产收益用于建立共同养老金制度,平等地为达到一定年龄(依据国家一般退休年龄确定)的全体老年人发放一份社会主义性质的共同养老金,是社会主义初级阶段国有资产收益全民分享的可行方式。以国有资产收益建立的共同养老金制度具有国有企业产品消费倾向增长效应,不仅为老年人提供可持续、均等和稳定的基本生活保障,还能促进国有资产保值增值,保证其自身的可持续性。并且,与直接动用国有资本补充城镇职工基本养老保险相比,建立共同养老金制度能够有效缓解基本养老保险的给付差距问题。这为构建中国特色社会主义市场经济混合养老保障体系,即共同养老金和基本养老保险相辅相成的新型养老制度,提出新思路。

青海省居民中藏医药利用程度及满意度调查

目的:了解青海省居民中藏医药利用程度、满意度情况及其影响因素。方法:采用入户问卷调查方式对青海省居民中藏医药利用程度及满意度情况进行调查。结果:近5年青海省居民中藏医药利用最多占11.8%(94/797),较多占25.0%(199/797);利用程度有序logistic回归分析显示:文化程度、收入、地区和中藏药熟悉程度是居民中藏药利用程度的影响因素(P<0.05);对中藏医药利用非常满意占23.5%(175/745),比较满意占41.9%(312/745),整体满意度为65.4%(487/745);满意度二元logistic回归分析显示:户籍、地区和对中医药了解程度是满意度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:青海省居民对中藏医药的利用程度不高,整体满意度一般,应该加大对居民中藏医药文化知识的宣传和项目的体验力度,提升居民对中藏医药的利用程度和满意度。

一种融合个性化细胞关系和背景信息的宫颈细胞分类方法

宫颈细胞分类在宫颈癌辅助诊断中发挥着重要的作用。然而,现有的宫颈细胞分类方法未充分考虑细胞关系和背景信息,也没有模拟病理医生的诊断方式,导致分类性能较低。因此,该文提出了一种融合细胞关系和背景信息的宫颈细胞分类方法,由基于细胞关系的图注意力分支(GAB-CCR)和背景信息注意力分支(BAB-WSI)组成。GAB-CCR采用细胞特征间的余弦相似度,首先构建相似和差异细胞关系图,并利用GATv2增强模型对细胞关系建模。BAB-WSI使用多头注意力模块捕捉涂片背景上的关键信息并反映不同区域的重要性。最后,将增强后的细胞特征和背景特征融合,提升了网络的分类性能。实验表明,相比于基线模型Swin Transformer-L,所提方法在准确率、敏感度、特异性和F1-Score分别提高了15.9%,30.32%,8.11%和31.62%。