Progress and prospects of Mg-based amorphous alloys in azo dye wastewater treatment

Mg-based amorphous alloys exhibit efficient catalytic performance and excellent biocompatibility with a promising application probability,specifically in the field of azo dye wastewater degradation.However,the problems like difficulty in preparation and poor cycling stability need to be solved.At present,Mg-based amorphous alloys applied in wastewater degradation are available in powder and ribbon.The amorphous alloy powder fabricated by ball milling has a high specific surface area,and its reactivity is thousands of times better than that of gas atomized alloy powder.But the development is limited due to the high energy consumption,difficult and costly process of powder recycling.The single roller melt-spinning method is a new manufacturing process of amorphous alloy ribbon.Compared to amorphous powder,the specific surface area of amorphous ribbon is relatively lower,therefore,it is necessary to carry out surface modification to enhance it.Dealloying is a way that can form a pore structure on the surface of the amorphous alloys,increasing the specific surface area and providing more reactive sites,which all contribute to the catalytic performance.Exploring the optimal conditions for Mg-based amorphous alloys in wastewater degradation by adjusting amorphous alloy composition,choosing suitable method to preparation and surface modification,reducing cost,expanding the pH range will advance the steps to put Mg-based amorphous alloys in industrial environments into practice.

Research of caged dynamics of clusters center atoms in Pd_(82)Si_(18) amorphous alloy

To date,there is still a lack of a comprehensive explanation for caged dynamics which is regarded as one of the intricate dynamic behaviors in amorphous alloys.This study focuses on Pd_(82)Si_(18)as the research object to further elucidate the underlying mechanism of caged dynamics from multiple perspectives,including the cage's lifetime,atomic local environment,and atomic potential energy.The results reveal that Si atoms exhibit a pronounced cage effect due to the hindrance of Pd atoms,resulting in an anomalous peak in the non-Gaussian parameters.An in-depth investigation was conducted on the caged dynamics differences between fast and slow Si atoms.In comparison to fast Si atoms,slow Si atoms were surrounded by more Pd atoms and occupied lower potential energy states,resulting in smaller diffusion displacements for the slow Si atoms.Concurrently,slow Si atoms tend to be in the centers of smaller clusters with coordination numbers of 9 and 10.During the isothermal relaxation process,clusters with coordination numbers 9 and 10 have longer lifetimes,suggesting that the escape of slow Si atoms from their cages is more challenging.The findings mentioned above hold significant implications for understanding the caged dynamics.

Correlation between pre-peak in structure factor and physical properties in Al-based amorphous alloys

To study the influence of Fe addition on the Al-based amorphous alloys,the structure and properties of Al84Ni10La6 and Al84Ni9Fe1La6 alloys were investigated through various techniques.The results show that 1% Fe（molar fraction） addition increases the area of the pre-peak in the structure factor and decreases the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the crystalline and amorphous states.1% Fe addition also improves the glass forming ability（GFA）,micro-hardness,fracture toughness,electric resistivity,absolute diamagnetism and corrosion resistance of Al-Ni-La alloys,which is related to the changes of medium-range order and quench-in free volume caused by 1% Fe addition.

TEM Specimen Preparation for Al-based Amorphous Alloys

Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is usually used to identify the amorphicity. However, some artifacts may be introduced due to improper TEM foil preparation. In this paper, three Al-rich metallic glasses with and without a glass transition were selected for characterizing the effect of the electropolishing condition on the as-quenched structure during TEM specimen preparation. It is shown that the occurrence of the modulated bright-dark structure under TEM observation is closely sensitive to the electropolishing condition, which suggests us being careful about the possible artifacts induced by specimen preparation when examining amorphous alloys under TEM.

Investigation on Crystallization Kinetics of Zr-Al-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys

Zr_~65 Al_~10 Ni_~10 Cu_~15 , Zr_~52.5 Al_~10 Ni_~10 Cu_~15 Be_~12.5 and Zr_~52.5 Al_~10 Ni_~14.6 Cu_~17.9 Ti_5 bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by copper mould casting. The crystallization kinetics was measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) with different heating rates, and the activation energy was calculated using Kissinger equation. The relationship between thermal stability and rate constant of crystallization reaction is discussed on the view of crystallization kinetics, and the effect of small atom Beryllium on thermal stability of bulk amorphous alloys is also studied.

Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical milling.The presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy composition.Predictions from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic structure.This transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic structure.Additionally,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational entropy.The atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

Dealloying of an amorphous TiCuRu alloy results in a nanostructured electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Development of an electrocatalyst that is cheap and has good properties to replace conventional noble metals is important for H_(2) applications.In this study,dealloying of an amorphous Ti_(37)Cu_(60)Ru_(3) alloy was performed to prepare a freestanding nanostructured hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst.The effect of dealloying and addition of Ru to TiCu alloys on the microstructure and HER properties under alkaline conditions was investigated.3 at.%Ru addition in Ti_(40)Cu_(60) decreases the overpotential to reach a current density of 10mA cm^(-2) and Tafel slope of the dealloyed samples to 35 and 34mV dec−1.The improvement of electrocatalytic properties was attributed to the formation of a nanostructure and the modification of the electronic structure of the catalyst.First-principles calculations based on density function theory indicate that Ru decreases the Gibbs free energy of water dissociation.This work presents a method to prepare an efficient electrocatalyst via dealloying of amorphous alloys.

Clean production of Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys via smelting reduction of high-phosphorus iron ore and apatite

Separated preparation of prealloys and amorphous alloys results in severe solidification-remelting and beneficial element removal-readdition contradictions,which markedly increase energy consumption and emissions.This study offered a novel strategy for the direct production of FePC amorphous soft magnetic alloys via smelting reduction of high-phosphorus iron ore(HPIO)and apatite.First,the thermodynamic conditions and equilibrium states of the carbothermal reduction reactions in HPIO were calculated,and the element content in reduced alloys was theoretically determined.The phase and structural evolutions,as well as element migration and enrichment behaviors during the smelting reduction of HPIO and Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),were then experimentally verified.The addition of Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)in HPIO contributes to the enrichment of the P element in reduced alloys and the subsequent development of Fe_(3)P and Fe_(2)P phases.The content of P and C elements in the range of 1.52 wt% -14.63 wt% and 0.62 wt% -2.47 wt%,respectively,can be well tailored by adding 0-50 g Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)and controlling the C/O mole ratio of 0.8-1.1,which is highly consistent with the calculated results.These FePC alloys were then successfully formed into amorphous ribbons and rods.The energy consumption of the proposed strategy was estimated to be 2.00×10^(8) kJ/t,which is reduced by 30% when compared with the conventional production process.These results are critical for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and pave the way for the clean production of Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys.

Influence of Metalloid Elements on the Magnetic Properties and Anisotropy of FeNi-based Amorphous Alloys

The magnetic properties and anisotropy of amor- phous(Fe_(80)Ni_(20))_(78)Si_xB_(22-x).alloys have been investigated systematically.The maximum permeability,coercive force and remanence have been determined for as-prepared and annealed samples,The results on the technical magnetic properties of this alloy system have been discussed and compared with Masumoto's.

Crystallization of amorphous NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by severe plastic deformation

Based on the local canning compression,severe plastic deformation（SPD） is able to lead to the almost complete amorphous nickel-titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA）,in which a small amount of retained nanocrystalline phase is embedded in the amorphous matrix.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy annealed at 573,723 and 873 K was investigated,respectively.The crystallization kinetics of the amorphous NiTi alloy can be mathematically described by the Johnson-MehlAvrami-Kolmogorov（JMAK） equation.NiTi SMA with a complete nanocrystalline phase is obtained in the case of annealing at 573 K and 723 K,where martensite phase transformation is suppressed due to the constraint of the grain boundaries.Crystallization of amorphous NiTi alloy at 873 K leads to the coarse-grained NiTi sample,where（001） martensite compound twin is observed at room temperature.It can be found that the martensitic twins preferentially nucleate at the grain boundary and they grow up towards the two different grains.SPD based on the local canning compression and subsequent annealing provides a new approach to obtain the nanocrystalline NiTi SMA.

A Cu-based bulk amorphous alloy composite reinforced by carbon nanotube

Bulk Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanotube （CNT） were successfully fabricated by hot pressing technique. Their density, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties were systemically investigated. The density and the compression strength of the compacts both decrease with increasing CNT content. The thermal conductivity of the compacts decreases when the CNT content is less than 0.10% or exceeds 0.60% （mass fraction）, while increases when the CNT content is in the range of 0.1%-0.6%. The strain limit and the modulus of the compacts are obviously improved when the CNT content is less than 1.0% and then decrease significantly when the CNT content exceeds 1.00%. The optimum CNT addition is less than 0.20% at the comprehensive properties point of view.

Crystallization microstructure of Mg_(65)Cu_(25)Y_(10) bulk amorphous alloy

Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk amorphous alloy specimens prepared by conventional copper mould method were heated at 200 °C for different time and the phase contents as well as microstructure were studied.The XRD results show that the crystallization of Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk amorphous alloy specimen becomes complete as the treating time increases and Mg2Cu,Mg24Y5 and HCP-Mg crystalline phases are found.Snowflake-like morphology is found in different specimens through SEM observation.The EDS patterns show that the composition of the snowflake-like structure is close to that of the as-cast alloy.Laminated structures are observed from the TEM images of the snowflake-like structure.From the electron diffraction patterns,it is seen that the snowflake-like structure is the combination of Mg24Y5 and amorphous matrix.The FCC-Mg phase in the matrix transforms into HCP-Mg during the heat-treating process.

Effect of consolidation parameters on mechanical properties of Cu-based bulk amorphous alloy consolidated by hot pressing

Cu50Zr40Ti10 bulk amorphous alloys were fabricated by hot pressing gas-atomized Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous powder under different consolidation conditions without vacuum and inert gas protection. The consolidation conditions of the Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous powder were investigated based on an L9（34） orthogonal design. The compression strength and strain limit of the Cu50Zr40Ti10 bulk amorphous alloys can reach up to 1090.4 MPa and 11.9 %, respectively. The consolidation pressure significantly influences the strain limit and compression strength of the compact. But the mechanical properties are not significantly influenced by the consolidation temperature. In addition, the preforming pressure significantly influences not the compression strength but the strain limit. The optimum consolidation condition for the Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous powder is first precompacted under the pressure of 150 MPa, and then consolidated under the pressure of 450 MPa and the temperature of 380 °C.

Effect of element fitting on composition optimization of Al-Cu-Ti amorphous alloy by mechanical alloying

In order to minimize the crystal phase in Al-Cu-Ti amorphous powder,Al65Cu35-xTix amorphous powders were optimized via ball milling through adjusting the amount of Cu and Ti elements and the ball milling time.The results show that increasing the mole fraction of Ti can decrease the amount of Al Cu2Ti,Cu9Al4,and Al2Cu intermetallics formed during the process of ball milling;and prolonging the ball milling time can reduce the element crystalline phase to almost none.The optimal composition is determined to be Al65Cu16.5Ti18.5.TiH2 forms in all selected Al65Cu35-xTix amorphous powders during the process of optimization.H atom is decomposed from toluene and reacts with Ti during ball milling,leading to the formation of TiH2.The volume fraction of TiH2 in Al65Cu16.5Ti18.5 amorphous powder is measured to be 4.30%.

BEHAVIORS OF THE HYPERFINE. FIELD AND THE ATOMIC MAGNETIC MOMENT IN AMORPHOUS Fe_(80-x)T_xB_(20)(T=Co,Ni,Mn,V,Ti) ALLOYS

The mean hyper fine field at the Fe nuclei in amorphous alloys Fe80-xTxB20(T=Co,Ni,Mn,V,Ti) by fitting the Moessbauer spectra is displayed. The behaviors of both the hyperfine field and the atomic magnetic moment in these amorphous alloys and the relation between both the properties are discussed.

STUDY ON THE SHOCK WAVE CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS ALLOYS BY DSC

Shock wave and annealing crystallization of amorphous alloys FeSiB, FeMoSiB and FeCuNbSiB were studied by isothermal and non-isothermal DSC technique. It was found that the shock wave crystallization is very perfect, the fraction crystallized is very close to 100%, though the period of crystallization is very short, only about 10-4-10-6s. Their produced phases differ from the parent phase in structure and composition. The high velocity of the transformation is very difficult to explain by the diffusion theory of solid state phase transition.

Properties of electrodeposited amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits

A new technique of electroplating amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits was proposed.The structure and morphology o Fe-Ni-W alloy deposit were detected by XRD and SEM.The friction and wear behavior of Fe-Ni-W alloy deposit were studied and compared with that of chromium deposit.The corrosion properties against 5% sodium chloride,5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide were also discussed.The experimental results indicate that Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits have superior properties against wea than hard chromium deposits under dry sliding condition.Under oil sliding condition,except their better wear resistance,the deposits can protect their counterparts against wear.The deposits plated on brass and AISI 1045 steel show good behavior against corrosion o 5% sodium chloride,5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide.The bath of electroplating amorphous Fe-Ni-W alloy deposits is environmentally friendly and would find widely use in industry.

Glass-forming ability and crystallization of Mg-Ni amorphous alloys with Y addition

Mg86.33Ni13.67-xYx(x=0, 1, 3, 6, 10) amorphous alloys were obtained by single-roller melt-spinning technique and the effect of Y addition on the glass forming ability(GFA), crystallization and micro-hardness of Mg-Ni alloys were studied. The results show that the GFA of Mg86.33Ni13.67-xYx(x=0, 1, 3, 6, 10) is improved successfully with the Y addition. The highest GFA appeares at x=6, while the reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) is 0.5225 and the supercooled liquid region(ΔTx) is 42.06 K; the position of the main diffraction halo is different for the alloys, and the maximum of the main diffraction halo of alloys with x=0, 1, 3 corresponds to the main peaks of a metastable fcc-Mg6Ni or fcc-Mg6Ni + Ni-Y intermetallic phases, and for the alloys with x=6, 10, it corresponds to Mg-Y and Ni-Y intermetallic phases; the micro-hardness of the alloys is improved with Y additions, and the highest micro-hardness is obtained at x=6 at.%, which is 960 MPa.

Effect of Lanthanum on Performance of RuB Amorphous Alloy Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation

The effect of La on the performance of a supported RuB amorphous alloy catalyst for benzene selective hydrogenation was studied by means of activity and selectivity tests, such as HRTEM, SAED, XPS, and XRD. The results show that the addition of La to RuB amorphous alloy catalyst can evidently increase the activity and improve the thermal stability of RuB amorphous alloy to refrain its crystallization. The promoting effect of La on the activity of RuB amorphous alloy catalyst is because of the high dispersion of the active components.

Amorphous phase formation rules in high-entropy alloys

There have been many interesting studies on high-entropy alloys（HEAs）, also known as multi-component（MC） alloys（MCAs）, in recent years. MC metallic-glasses（MGs） have shown the potential to express the advantages of MCAs and MGs in tandem. Amorphous phase formation rules are a crucial issue in the HEA and MCA field. For equal or near-equal atomic ratio alloys, mixed-entropy among the elements has a significant effect on the phase formation. This paper focuses on HEA amorphous phase formation rules. In the first two sections, the recent progress in amorphous phase formation in HEAs and MCAs is reviewed, including the effective factors and correlative parameters related to amorphous phase formation. In the third section, novel MCMGs including high-entropy（HE） bulk-metallic-glass（HE-BMG） and MCMG films developed in recent decades are summarized, and the giant-magnetic-impedance（GMI） effect of MC amorphous fibers is discussed.