High-Power Raman Soliton Generation at 1.7 μm in All-Fiber Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Amplifier

An all-fiber polarization maintaining high-power laser system operating at 1.7 μm based on the Ramaninduced soliton self-frequency shifting effect is demonstrated. The entirely fiberized system is built by erbiumdoped oscillator and two-stage amplifiers with polarization maintaining commercial silica fibers and devices, which can provide robust and stable soliton generation. High-power soliton laser with the average power of 0.28 W,the repetition rate of 42.7 MHz, and pulse duration of 515 fs is generated directly from the main amplifier.Our experiment provides a feasible method for high-power all-fiber polarization maintaining femtosecond laser generation working at 1.7 μm.

Broadband Dual-Input Doherty Power Amplifier Design Based on a Simple Adaptive Power Dividing Ratio Function

In this paper,a simple adaptive power dividing function for the design of a dual-input Doherty power amplifier(DPA)is presented.In the presented approaches,the signal separation function(SSF)at different frequency points can be characterized by a polynomial.And in the practical test,the coefficients of SSF can be determined by measuring a small number of data points of input power.Same as other dualinput DPAs,the proposed approach can also achieve high output power and back-off efficiency in a broadband operation band by adjusting the power distribution ratio flexibly.Finally,a 1.5-2.5 GHz highefficiency dual-input Doherty power amplifier is implemented according to this approach.The test results show that the peak power is 48.6-49.7d Bm,and the 6-d B back-off efficiency is 51.0-67.0%,and the saturation efficiency is 52.4-74.6%.The digital predistortion correction is carried out at the frequency points of 1.8/2.1GHz,and the adjacent channel power ratio is lower than-54.5d Bc.Simulation and experiment results can verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.

Harmonic balance simulation of the influence of component uniformity and reliability on the performance of a Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier

A Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier(JTWPA),which is a quantum-limited amplifier with high gain and large bandwidth,is the core device of large-scale measurement and control systems for quantum computing.A typical JTWPA consists of thousands of Josephson junctions connected in series to form a transmission line and hundreds of shunt LC resonators periodically loaded along the line for phase matching.Because the variation of these capacitors and inductors can be detrimental to their high-frequency characteristics,the fabrication of a JTWPA typically necessitates precise processing equipment.To guide the fabrication process and further improve the design for manufacturability,it is necessary to understand how each electronic component affects the amplifier.In this paper,we use the harmonic balance method to conduct a comprehensive study on the impact of nonuniformity and fabrication yield of the electronic components on the performance of a JTWPA.The results provide insightful and scientific guidance for device design and fabrication processes.

Three-channel CMOS transimpedance amplifier for LiDAR sensor receiver

For time-of-flight(TOF)light detection and ranging(LiDAR),a three-channel high-performance transimpedance amplifier(TIA)with high immunity to input load capacitance is presented.A regulated cascade(RGC)as the input stage is at the core of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)circuit chip,giving it more immunity to input photodiode detectors.A simple smart output interface acting as a feedback structure,which is rarely found in other designs,reduces the chip size and power consumption simultaneously.The circuit is designed using a 0.5μm CMOS process technology to achieve low cost.The device delivers a 33.87 dB?transimpedance gain at 350 MHz.With a higher input load capacitance,it shows a-3 dB bandwidth of 461 MHz,indicating a better detector tolerance at the front end of the system.Under a 3.3 V supply voltage,the device consumes 5.2 mW,and the total chip area with three channels is 402.8×597.0μm2(including the test pads).

尿毒素硫酸吲哚酚通过OAT-3诱发HK-2细胞纤维化的作用

目的探讨尿毒素硫酸吲哚酚(IS)通过有机阴离子转运蛋白-3(OAT-3)诱发人正常肾小管上皮(HK-2)细胞氧化应激和纤维化因子的作用。方法HK-2细胞进行传代培养,待孔板中细胞密度达到80%~90%时分为空白对照组(Control组,加入培养液中正常培养不予干预)、IS处理组(IS组,加入250μmoL IS培养),两组细胞培养24 h;同时,进一步在HK-2细胞中用小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默OAT-3的表达后提取总RNA,其浓度测定并进行RT-PCR以及Western blot试验检测氧化应激(Nox-4)及纤维化因子(Collagen I、TGF-β1、Smad-3、α-SMA)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;最后HK-2细胞以抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)预处理后,加入250μmoL IS刺激24 h,采用RT-PCR及Western blot试验检测上述指标的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果RT-PCR结果显示,HK-2细胞以250μmoL IS刺激24 h后,IS显著增加HK-2细胞中氧化应激(Nox-4)及纤维化因子(Collagen I、TGF-β1、Smad-3、α-SMA)的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);HK-2细胞中siRNA沉默OAT-3的表达后发现,IS诱导的上述氧化应激和纤维化因子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。以NAC预处理后,HK-2细胞IS刺激24 h发现,NAC有效抑制IS诱导Nox-4、Collagen I、TGF-β1、Smad-3、α-SMA的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论硫酸吲哚酚经OAT-3摄取到HK-2细胞内诱发氧化应激和纤维化因子高表达。

5G Wideband Bandpass Filtering Power Amplifiers Based on a Bandwidth-Extended Bandpass Matching Network

In this paper,a 5G wideband power amplifier(PA)with bandpass filtering response is synthesized using a bandwidth-extended bandpass filter as the matching network(MN).In this structure,the bandwidth(θ_(C))is defined as a variable in the closedform equations provided by the microstrip bandpass filter.It can be extended over a wide range only by changing the characteristic impedances of the structure.Different from the other wideband MNs,the extension of bandwidth does not increase the complexity of the structure(order n is fixed).In addition,based on the bandwidth-extended structure,the wideband design of bandpass filtering PA is not limited to the fixed bandwidth of the specific filter structure.The theoretical analysis of the MN and the design flow of the PA are provided in this design.The fabricated bandpass filtering PA can support almost one-octave bandwidth(2-3.8 GHz),covering the two 5G bands(n41 and n78).The drain efficiency of 47%-60%and output power higher than 40 dBm are measured.Good frequency selectivity in S-parameter measurements can be observed.

Design and performance of a high-speed and low-noise preamplifier for SiPM

Considering the R&D for upgrading the K^(0)_(L) andμdetectors in the Belle II experiment using a scintillator and silicon pho-tomultiplier(SiPM),we designed a compact high-speed and low-noise preamplifier.The preamplifier demonstrated a good gain stability,bandwidth of 426 MHz,baseline noise level ofσ≈0.6 mV,dynamic range of up to170 mV of the input signal amplitude,good time resolution of 20 ps,and it can be comprehensively applied to SiPMs.Adopting pole-zero-cancelation in the preamplifier reduces both the rise and fall times of the SiPM signal,which can significantly improve the time resolution and reduce the pile-up when using a large SiPM or an array of SiPMs.Various combinations of the preamplifier and several types of SiPMs demonstrated time resolutions better than 50 ps for most cases;when the number of detected photons was larger than 60,a time resolution of approximately 25 ps was achieved.

Novel Gluten-Free Amaranth and Oat Flour Cookies Fortified with Soybean Hulls

Soybean hulls, an abundant byproduct of soybean processing, contain rich phytochemicals, fibers, proteins, and minerals. Currently soybean hulls are primarily used as animal feeds. For value-added soybean hull utilization, 25% soybean hulls were substituted for amaranth or whole oat flour (WOF) in novel gluten-free cookies. Composition, nutritional values, water-holding capacities, correlation between properties, and pasting and rheological properties of soybean hulls, amaranth, and WOF were appraised in comparison to wheat flour. Water loss, cookie texture, and geometrical properties of the cookies were examined. The results disclosed that soybean hulls, amaranth and WOF contain higher protein content, minerals, fiber, special amino acids, and critical vitamins (C and K) than wheat flour. Considerably higher total amino acid content was found in soybean hulls (18.33%) than wheat flour (12.77%). Water-holding capacities increased by replacing amaranth and WOF with soybean hulls. Soybean hulls exhibited higher rheological elastic properties than amaranth, WOF and wheat flours. The soybean hulls utilized in amaranth or WOF cookies greatly improved their nutritional value, the water retention and moisture content along with acceptable physical properties when compared to wheat flour cookies. This study explored the feasibility and potential of utilizing soybean hulls with amaranth and WOF in gluten-free bakery products and other food applications.

Impact of amplified spontaneous emission noise on the SRS threshold of high-power fiber amplifiers

Impact of amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)noise on the stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)threshold of highpower fiber amplifiers is demonstrated numerically through a spectral evolution approach.The simulation results confirm that ASE noise in the Raman wavelength band could reduce the SRS threshold of high-power fiber amplifiers significantly.As for ASE noise originated the main amplifier,it becomes stronger and reduces the SRS threshold at shorter operation wavelength below 1052 nm.As for ASE noise originated from the seed laser,it reduces the SRS threshold at different operation wavelength under the condition that the Raman ratio is over-90 dB in the seed laser.The theoretical method and results in this work could provide a well reference to extend the operation wavelength of high-power fiber lasers.

Improving source-in-the-middle continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a heralded hybrid linear amplifier

A hybrid linear amplifier is inserted at the output of the source-in-the-middle distribution protocol to overcome the shortcomings of the transmission distance.The modified protocol aims to maintain a high key rate for long-distance transmission under high noise.It has the potential to significantly broaden the application range of the continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol.The effects of amplifier parameters and noise on the modified protocol are analyzed in detail with regard to applying it to a practical system.To make the simulation more realistic,the effect of finite size on the new protocol is taken into account.It will serve as a guideline for the future use of hybrid linear amplifiers.Different parameters can be adjusted to achieve the best performance for key rates of different quantum channels.

燕麦干草饲喂肉兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在评定燕麦干草对肉兔的营养价值,为燕麦干草在肉兔配合饲料中的应用提供营养消化参数。试验分为2部分,燕麦干草营养成分分析和饲喂肉兔的消化参数测定。燕麦干草营养成分分析选择产自甘肃省的34个批次的燕麦干草样品进行,消化试验选择上述34个批次中代表性强(营养组成与测定均值差异较小)的燕麦干草。消化试验采用全收粪法进行:选取40只平均体重为(2.2±0.2)kg的70日龄新西兰白兔,随机分成2组,每组20只(公母各占1/2),代谢笼内单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%燕麦干草)。预试期10 d,正试期7 d。结果显示:1)燕麦干草总能以及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、无氮浸出物、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量分别为15.33 MJ/kg、89.60%、9.71%、2.02%、12.54%、1.13%、0.21%、34.50%、30.83%、48.25%、38.87%和5.58%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为42.51%、50.15%、56.58%、83.56%、25.12%、27.86%、20.36%、65.23%、28.87%、45.25%、30.87%和-5.86%。2)燕麦干草总氨基酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸含量分别为8.67%、0.53%、0.45%、0.09%、0.49%、0.12%、0.22%、0.54%、0.09%、0.43%、0.46%和0.26%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为58.23%、60.23%、62.52%、70.12%、68.25%、65.23%、58.23%、55.24%、62.35%、54.23%、59.68%和63.25%。综上可知,与苜蓿干草相比,燕麦干草粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量偏低,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量较高,酸性洗涤木质素含量较低,粗灰分含量偏高,钙多磷少;肉兔对燕麦干草中各营养成分的消化率存在较大差异,其中总能、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和限制性氨基酸消化率较高,纤维组分消化率一般,粗灰分、钙、磷和非限制性氨基酸消化率偏低。

Piezomagnetic vibration energy harvester with an amplifier

We study the effect of an amplification mechanism in a nonlinear vibration energy harvesting system where a ferromagnetic beam resonator is attached to the vibration source through an additional linear spring with a damper.The beam moves in the nonlinear double-well potential caused by interaction with two magnets.The piezoelectric patches with electrodes attached to the electrical circuit support mechanical energy transduction into electrical power.The results show that the additional spring can improve energy harvesting.By changing its stiffness,we observed various solutions.At the point of the optimal stiffness of the additional spring,the power output is amplified a few times depending on the excitation amplitude.

Research Towards Terahertz Power Amplifiers in Silicon-Based Process

In view of the existing design challenges for Terahertz(THz)power amplifiers(PAs),the common design methods and the efforts of the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave,Southeast University,China in the development of silicon-based THz PAs,mainly including silicon-based PAs with operating frequencies covering 100–300 GHz,are summarized in this paper.Particularly,we design an LC-balun-based two-stage differential cascode PA with a center frequency of 150 GHz and an output power of 14 dBm.Based on a Marchand balun,we report a 220 GHz three-stage differential cascode PA with a saturated output power of 9.5 dBm.To further increase the output power of THz PA,based on a four-way differential power combining technique,we report a 211–263 GHz dual-LC-tank-based broadband PA with a recorded 14.7 dBm Psat and 16.4 dB peak gain.All the above circuits are designed in a standard 130 nm silicon germanium(SiGe)BiCMOS process.

施氮量对裸燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘NSC积累与转运的影响

为探究施氮量对燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘间非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和转运的影响,2021年和2022年选取穗粒数差异大的两个裸燕麦品种坝莜1号(穗粒数多)和定莜8号(穗粒数少)为试验材料,设置0、100和200 kg·hm^(-2)3个施氮水平,测定和分析了不同氮素供应条件下燕麦叶片光合指标、粒叶比、茎鞘NSC积累量(TMNSC)、NSC表观转运量(ATMNSC)及其对籽粒产量表观贡献率(ACNSC)的差异。结果表明,施氮对2个燕麦品种的籽粒产量具有增加效应,其中在施氮100 kg·hm^(-2)时产量最高。在100 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理下,坝莜1号的旗叶面积、SPAD值、Pn和籽粒产量两年平均值较不施氮处理分别提高57.57%、80.70%、101.68%和40.15%,定莜8号分别提高43.70%、44.33%、69.49%和37.36%;坝莜1号的ATMNSC、ACNSC和粒叶比两年平均值较不施氮处理分别增加767.25 g、1.96倍和54.55%,定莜8号分别增加859.52 g、8.26倍和43.25%。综合以上结果,增施氮肥对两品种均有显著正向影响,坝莜1号表现出更优的源、库活性,从而获得更高的穗粒数,达到增产目的;定莜8号则表现出更优的源-库关系,增大库器官对源物质的“拉力”,促进NSC由茎鞘向籽粒的转运,弥补生育前期光合能力较弱导致的同化物质生产的不足,从而促进源库协调,提高籽粒产量。

Vertical vibration control using nonlinear energy sink with inertial amplifier

To reduce additional mass, this work proposes a nonlinear energy sink(NES)with an inertial amplifier(NES-IA) to control the vertical vibration of the objects under harmonic and shock excitations. Moreover, this paper constructs pure nonlinear stiffness without neglecting the gravity effect of the oscillator. Both analytical and numerical methods are used to evaluate the performance of the NES-IA. The research findings indicate that even if the actual mass is 1% of the main oscillator, the NES-IA with proper inertia angles and mass distribution ratios can still effectively attenuate the steady-state and transient responses of the main oscillator. Nonlinear stiffness and damping also have important effects. Due to strongly nonlinear factors, the coupled system may exhibit higher branch responses under harmonic excitation. In shock excitation environment, the NES-IA with a large dynamic mass can trigger energy capture of both main resonance and high-frequency resonance. Furthermore, the comparison with the traditional NES also confirms the advantages of the NES-IA in overcoming mass dependence.

高寒区氮添加和间作种植互作对燕麦和豌豆根系构型影响的研究

种间根系的相互作用是禾豆间作体系系统生产力提升的关键途径,外源氮素添加也能显著改变植物根系构型。然而,有关氮添加和间作种植方式对燕麦和豌豆根系构型影响的研究鲜有报道。基于此,本研究以燕麦和豌豆为对象,比较氮添加和不同间作种植方式对燕麦和豌豆生物量、根系形态及构型的影响。结果表明:1)高氮隔行间作燕麦地上和地下生物量最高,而高氮单播豌豆生物量最高;2)高氮隔行间作燕麦除根体积和根尖数外,其他根系形态参数显著高于单播燕麦,高氮单播豌豆的根表面积、根体积和根尖数最高,而未添加氮单播豌豆的分叉数、内部和外部连接数最高;3)高氮间作燕麦拓扑指数和分形维数较高,未添加氮单播豌豆分形维数较高;4)氮添加和间作种植可增加燕麦根体积、根表面积、外部连接数和促进侧根生长,而间作种植和氮添加却降低豌豆根系连接数、根尖数、内部连接数和抑制侧根发育。由此可见,氮添加和间作种植通过增加燕麦根系与土壤接触面积强化燕麦获取土壤的能力,进而使间作燕麦生物量快速增加,这将为燕麦和豌豆间作体系中燕麦常表现出强竞争力和积累高生物量提供直接证据。

业绩亏损 高管变动 OATLY持续发力中国市场

交出一份亏损的一季报,同时宜布高层变动,燕麦奶品牌OATLY要下怎样的棋?业绩亏损成“老大难”问题根据OATLY官网披露的2023年一季报,OATLY延续了此前的亏损状态。藏至3月31日的3个月,OATLY归属母公司股东的净亏损为7560万美元,去年同期净亏损为8750万美元;收人为1956亿美元,比去年同期增长17.7%;毛利率为17.4%,同比增长7.9%。

亏损扩大 OATLY燕麦奶降温

曾經白领阶层人手一杯的OATLY燕麦奶也开始不香了?根据OATLY最新发布的财报,2022年OATLY净亏损扩大至3.96亿美元,包括中国业务在内的亚洲市场收入也同比下降。这样的财报数据,被业内解读为OATLY燕麦奶开始降温的信号。

燕麦F_(1)代杂种优势及F_(2)代遗传变异分析

为了探讨燕麦正、反交杂种后代的杂种优势及遗传变异,本研究以引进品种爱沃和国产品种陇燕5号为亲本配制正、反交组合,对其F_(1)和F_(2)代的性状进行了观测,分析了其表型差异及杂种优势,探讨了F_(2)群体的遗传变异情况。结果表明,正、反交对F_(1)代的表型和杂种优势有显著影响,正交(爱沃(♀)×陇燕5号(♂),AL5)F_(1)代比反交(陇燕5号(♀)×爱沃(♂),L5A)早熟6 d,其株高、主穗粒数、千粒重和穗下节长显著大于反交,而旗叶长宽、倒二叶长均显著小于反交(P<0.05);正、反交F_(1)主穗长的超亲优势最大,分别为41.33%和31.92%,茎粗的超亲优势分别为−45.53%和−36.92%。F_(2)群体遗传变异幅度较大,分离现象明显。分蘖数和有效分蘖数的遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度最大,株高和茎粗的广义遗传率最高。叶片数和主穗粒数在正交和反交F_(2)中的遗传变异系数较为接近,但广义遗传率和相对遗传进度差异却很大。在F_(1)代超亲优势显著的茎粗和主穗长在F_(2)呈近似正态分布,正交F_(2)群体中有6.50%的个体主穗长的超亲优势大于30.00%,而反交主穗长的最大超亲优势为23.30%。总体而言,分蘖数、有效分蘖数具有较大的选择空间,株高、茎粗、主穗长等性状可在早代进行选择♂。

燕麦不同组合正、反交杂种后代的表型及遗传参数分析

为了明确燕麦不同组合正、反交杂种后代的表型差异及遗传变异情况,本研究以福瑞至(F709)与709(709F)、牧乐思(ML2)与陇燕2号(L2M)为亲本配制正、反交组合,用简单序列重复分子标记对杂种F1代进行了鉴定,比较了正、反交杂种的表型差异,并分析了杂种F_(2)代的遗传变异及多样性。结果表明:用SSR分子标记从37个F_(1)单株中共鉴定出32个真杂种,占比86.5%。福瑞至和709、牧乐思和陇燕2号组合的F_(1)真杂种率分别为88.9%和84.2%。正、反交对杂种后代的表型有显著影响。F709-F_(1)的旗叶比反交的窄19.4%;ML2-F_(1)的主穗粒数比反交少12.2%。F_(2)群体遗传变异幅度较大。同一性状在正、反交F_(2)中的遗传变异系数(G_(cv))、广义遗传力(Hb)和相对遗传进度(ΔGt)存在显著差异。F_(2)群体株高的遗传变异系数较小(4.50%~10.27%)、广义遗传力较高(33.12%~85.41%),分蘖数和有效分蘖数的相对遗传进度较大。福瑞至和709的正、反交F2群体的穗下节长的广义遗传力是所有指标中最低的,分别为14.13%和23.81%,相对遗传进度也最小。主穗粒数的Gcv在其正、反交F_(2)中的差异最显著,在F709-F_(2)中为7.09%,反交中增至19.03%;F709-F_(2)的Hb为22.54%,反交则为66.01%。牧乐思和陇燕2号的正、反交F_(2)群体叶片数的广义遗传力最高(99.53%),几乎不受环境的影响。ML2-F_(2)旗叶宽的Hb为9.07%,其ΔG_(t)为2.79,反交中旗叶宽的Hb为30.23%,ΔGt为9.77。10对SSR引物对F2群体扩增的多态性比率达73.5%,实际杂合度为0.35~0.99,远高于期望杂合度;Nei’s基因多态性、香农指数分别为0.29~0.50和0.53~0.71,F_(2)群体分离现象明显,遗传变异幅度大,具有较大的选择空间。