Analysis of GPS ionospheric scintillation signal amplitude fading characteristics at low latitude

The received satellite signal amplitude is attenuated greatly due to the strong ionospheric scintillation for lowlatitude regions, which causes the GPS tracking loop＇s loss of lock, the positioning errors to increase, and navigation to be interrupted. To solve the above problems, a novel signal processing algorithm is proposed based on the GPS L1 software receiver during strong ionospheric scintillation using the multi-channel intermediate frequency（IF） data sampling system. Tens of thousands of fading events are obtained based on the signal intensity measurement. The amplitude fading characteristics in the lowlatitude region are analyzed,including fading duration, time separation between fades and the numbers of signal intensity fading events. The fading thresholds are set to be 15 and 10 dB, respectively. The main fading time is very short in- 15 dB fading threshold, which generally is less than 20 ms. The main time separation between fades is less than 2 s in a single one-hour period from the time 23： 00 to 24： 00. Therefore, it has the characteristic of a short reacquisition time for the receiver designed to reduce the probability of simultaneous loss of lock for some satellites.Subsequently, the acquisition, tracking and PVT（position,velocity and time） calculations are completed by the customdesigned software receiver. The results show that the impact analysis of ionospheric scintillation on GPS amplitude attenuation in the lowlatitude region is helpful for designing the advanced tracking algorithm and to improve the robustness and accuracy of the GPS receiver.

Analysis of the characteristics of gravity waves during a local rainstorm event in Foshan,China

A detailed analysis of the dynamic frequency spectrum characteristics of gravity waves(GWs)during a local heavy rainfall event on 20–21 November 2016 in Foshan,China,is presented.The results of this analysis,which was based on high-precision microbarograph data,indicate that GWs played a key role in generating the rainstorm.The GWs experienced two intermittent periods of amplitude enhancement and period widening.The largest amplitudes of the GWs were 80–160 Pa,with a corresponding period range of 140–270 min,which were approximately 4 h ahead of the rainstorm.The severe storms appeared to affect the GWs by augmenting the wave amplitudes with center amplitudes of approximately 80–100 Pa and periods ranging between 210 and 270 min;in particular,the amplitudes increased to approximately 10 Pa for GWs with shorter periods(less than 36 min).The pre-existing large-amplitude GWs may be precursors to severe storms;that is,these GWs occurred approximately 4 h earlier than the time radars and satellites identified convections.Thus,these results indicate that large-amplitude GWs constitute a possible mechanism for severe-storm warning.

Rock fragmentation mechanisms and an experimental study of drilling tools during high-frequency harmonic vibration

Resonance drilling is a new technology, still at the laboratory stage. It has great potential to improve rock fragmentation efficiency. We analyzed the amplitude-frequency characteristics of steady- state mechanical vibration excited by harmonic vibration in rocks and an apparatus was built to achieve high fi＇equency vibration of rock. The influence of rock drillability, rotary speed, excitation frequency, and other parameters on the rate of penetration （ROP） in resonance drilling was analyzed. The results show that the rock drillability decreased with an increase in excitation frequency. When drilling with a large size drill bit, the ROP increased with excitation frequency. The ROP reached a maximum value at the resonant frequency of the rock. Tile ROP of the bit increased linearly with rotary speed when no vibration was applied on the rock and increased approximately exponentially when harmonic vibration was applied. In addition, the resonant frequency of the rock was changing during the process of rock fi＇agmentation, so in order to achieve tile desired resonance of the rock, it is necessary to detemaine an appropriate hamlonic vibration excitation frequency.

Dynamic Response Analysis of High-Speed Train Gearbox Housing Based on Equivalent Acceleration Amplitude Method

Gearbox, as the crucial transmission equipment of high-speed train drive system, bears mainly the impact of wheel-rail excitation during its application, resulting in fatigue failure of the housing structure. In order to analyze the vibration characteristics of the high-speed train gearbox housing, a test had been performed under operating condition on Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, where a host of vibration characteristics of different parts of housing had been obtained, and vibration signals had also been comparatively analyzed using acceleration amplitude spectrum and equivalent acceleration amplitude method. The result showed that the vibration level of the measuring point A on the joint part of the gearbox housing and axle bearing block was higher than that of the measuring point B on the upper part of the gearbox housing, both horizontally and vertically. And there existed attenuation during the transmission process of vibration from point A to Point B. Further, when a train was moving at a high speed, the gearbox vibration at the head carriage was better than that at the tail carriage. In addition, when a train slowed down from 300 km/h to 200 km/h, the horizontal equivalent acceleration amplitude dropped by 58% while the vertical one declined by 62%. Equivalent acceleration amplitude method was used to identify the vibration relations among different parts of housing, and the validity and applicability of this method were verified by data analysis. The study provided reference to ensure the operating safety of high-speed train drive system and design of new housing structure.

New characteristics of oxido-reduction reaction of KI and KMnO_4 irradiated by amplitude-modulated electromagnetic waves

The influence of static electric and magnetic fields on chemical reactions has been studied for many years. It has been known in spectrum analyses that materials absorb microwave energy resonantly, which shows the effect of microwave on the energy level of molecules. Now the effect of radio-frequency waves, especially microwaves, on chemical reactions is attracting scientists’ attention. A lot of experiments show that microwaves

Morphological differentiation characteristics and classification criteria of lunar surface relief amplitude

Lunar landforms are the results of geological and geomorphic processes on the lunar surface.It is very important to identify the types of lunar landforms.Geomorphology is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of morphological landforms on planetary surfaces.Elevation and relief amplitude are the most commonly used geomorphic indices in geomorphological classification studies.Previous studies have determined the elevation classification criteria of the lunar surface.In this paper,we focus on the classification criteria of the topographic relief amplitude of the lunar surface.To estimate the optimal window for calculating the relief amplitude of the lunar surface,we use the mean change-point method based on LOLA(Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter)Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data and SLDEM2015 DEM data combining observations from LOLA and SELenological and Engineering Explorer Terrain Camera(SELENE TC).The classification criterion of the lunar surface relief amplitude is then determined according to the statistical analysis of basic lunar landforms.Taking the topographic relief amplitudes of 100 m,200 m,300 m,700 m,1500 m and 2500 m as thresholds,the lunar surface is divided into seven geomorphic types,including minor microrelief plains(<100 m),minor microrelief platforms[100 m,200 m),microrelief landforms[200 m,300 m),small relief landforms[300 m,700 m),medium relief landforms[700 m,1500 m),large relief landforms[1500 m,2500 m)and extremely large relief landforms(≥2500 m).The minor microrelief plains are mainly distributed in the maria and the basalt filled floors of craters and basins,while the minor microrelief platforms are mainly in the transition regions between the maria and highlands.The microrelief landforms are mainly located in regions with relatively high topography,such as wrinkle ridges and sinuous rilles in the mare.The small relief landforms are mainly scattered in the central peak and floor fractures of craters.The medium relief landforms are mainly distributed in the transition regions between crater floors and crater walls,between crater walls and crater rims,between basin floors and basin walls,and between basin walls and basin rims.Large and extremely large relief landforms are mainly found along crater walls and basin walls.The classification criteria determination for assessing lunar surface relief amplitude described in this paper can provide important references for the construction of digital lunar surface geomorphology classification schemes.

Temperature and pressure characteristics of ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude spectra correction of echoes

In this paper,the transfer functions of ultrasonic transducers under different temperatures are imitated according to Mason equivalent circuit. The relevant experiments are carried out. The results show that the transfer characteristic of ultrasonic transducer varies with temperature and pressure. Therefore, we present an approach to correct the amplitude spectra of ultrasonic echoes got in different temperature and pressure environmeots. The theoretical simulation and experimental results prove that the approach is simple, effective and practical.

考虑激励幅值慢变的卷绕头转子系统动力学建模

卷绕头转子系统结构之间的耦合振动和时频变激励使振动问题十分复杂,为了更准确地研究其动力学特性,根据转子动力学理论,使用有限元方法建立了考虑多盘质量慢变的卷绕头非线性转子系统整机动力学模型,运用Newmark-β数值积分方法对其动力学特性求解,得到仅存在初始不平衡量以及卷装不良带来的激励频率、幅值慢变下的非线性动力学行为。通过分析轴心轨迹、时域波形和幅频特性曲线等结果,发现卷绕头转子系统对因卷装不良引起的激励幅值慢变较为敏感,出现新的频率成分。进一步对比分析了不同节点处的振动频谱,其结果可为卷绕头转子系统动力学设计和故障识别提供一定理论支持。

基于误差幅空特性分析的空间负荷预测误差评价方法

对空间负荷预测误差进行有效评价是客观认识预测结果,指导预测结果合理应用的前提。然而,现有空间负荷预测误差评价的研究存在对误差的空间分布不考虑或考虑不充分导致评价不准确的问题。为此,提出一种基于误差幅空特性分析的空间负荷预测误差评价方法。首先,从空间负荷预测误差幅值大小和空间分布对电网规划影响的角度出发,对误差的幅空特性进行详细分析;其次,利用运输问题的数学模型来表征正负误差的幅空抵消特性,使用各空间邻近度–幅值误差值曲线与x轴围成面积之和来表征剩余未抵消误差的幅空叠加特性;然后,分别通过伏格尔法和各梯形面积累加公式来计算正负误差的幅空抵消影响值和剩余未抵消误差的幅空叠加影响值,并在此基础上构建空间负荷预测误差评价指标;最后,基于误差对电网规划的实际影响给出对误差评价指标性能的检验方法。算例分析表明,与传统方法相比,该文所提误差评价方法从幅值和空间两个维度实现了对空间负荷预测误差更为全面的评估,与误差对电网规划影响的实际情况贴近度更高。

基于常时微动的单结构面危岩体损伤识别实验

危岩体的动力学参数能够表征危岩体与基岩之间结构面的损伤,实际工程中人工激励危岩体较为困难,因此,如何根据场地常时微动特征识别危岩体动力学参数仍是亟需解决的问题.本文将常时微动激励下的危岩体振动问题归为欠阻尼条件单自由度结构受迫振动问题,将危岩体频谱幅值与基岩频谱幅值之比作为相对幅值谱,通过相对幅值K>1的最大峰值点对应的频率得到危岩体的一阶固有频率.以宏观裂缝控制型危岩体(悬臂式和错断式危岩体)及微观裂隙控制型危岩体(滑移式危岩体)为研究对象,通过模型实验验证了常时微动条件下测量危岩体一阶固有频率的可行性,通过切割裂缝模拟悬臂式危岩体和错断式危岩体结构面损伤弱化,发现随着损伤程度加剧,一阶固有频率呈明显下降趋势;通过水溶胶冻结融化模拟滑移式危岩体结构面损伤弱化,随着损伤程度加剧,其一阶固有频率无明显变化,高频段的重心频率发生明显变化.实验结果表明对于宏观裂缝控制型危岩体结构面损伤可通过危岩体的一阶固有频率进行识别,对于微观裂隙控制型危岩体结构面损伤可通过危岩体高频段的重心频率变化进行识别,将两者综合起来对危岩体结构面损伤进行识别将更加有效.

基于故障序电流幅相特性的含分布式电源配电网纵联保护方案

【目的】随着分布式电源(distributed generator,DG)在传统配电网的不断接入,给配电网保护配置带来了严峻的挑战。为应对这一问题,对配电网线路故障时,不同类型DG的故障电流幅相特性进行了分析,在此基础上提出了一种基于故障序电流幅相特性的配电网纵联保护方案。【方法】该方案利用线路两端的各序故障电流幅值和相位差特征,分别构造保护动作量及制动量。通过合理设置保护参数来应对不同类型DG接入下,新型配电网继电保护选择性、灵敏性所面临的问题。【结果】通过RTDS搭建仿真算例进行了方案验证,结果表明,该方案整定简单,无需在运行阶段对保护阈值实时调整,对设备算力要求较低的同时具有良好的动作性能。

运行状态下GIS设备振动特性差异性研究

机械类缺陷/故障是当前GIS设备最为常见的问题之一,对于此类缺陷目前尚无可用的现场检测装置及机械缺陷评估方法。文中通过现场检测方式,开展了220 kV及550 kV GIS不同气室的振动特征对比分析研究。研究结果表明:三相母线室的振幅最高,可能原因在于三相母线在壳体上产生的磁感应强度更大,壳体的振动幅值更大;同类气室不同测点的幅频特性相关系数均在0.993以上,不同类气室的测量结果相关系数较低,幅频特性及其相关系数可以在一定程度上表征GIS的不同气室振动状态;振幅和相位、检测位置和电压等级之间相关性不强;大多数气室主要频率成分均为100 Hz,避雷器振动的主要频率变为300 Hz,可能与避雷器内部轻微缺陷有关。

基于巴特沃斯幅频特性的自适应粒子群算法

针对传统粒子群算法存在求解精度低和易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种基于巴特沃斯幅频特性的自适应粒子群算法(Butterworth amplitude-frequency characteristics based adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm,BAC-PSO).一方面,借助巴特沃斯幅频特性设计一种惯性权重非线性递减策略,均衡算法中粒子的局部与全局搜索能力;另一方面,通过S型函数的粒子群优化策略和Sigmoid函数改进位置更新方法,进一步提升算法的求解精度.以5个经典的测试函数为基准,将BAC-PSO算法与5种经典粒子群算法的性能进行对比,并将其应用到求解压力容器模型的设计问题中.实验结果表明,相较于其他经典粒子群算法,BAC-PSO算法的求解精度更高,收敛速度更快,稳定性更好.

砂土含水率对DAS振幅响应影响的试验研究

利用分布式声波传感(DAS)技术和地下通讯光纤网进行周界安防(入侵)监控、管道泄漏监测、交通状况评估等是城市安全动态监测的新方向。为探究DAS监测过程中暗光纤周围岩土介质含水率变化对DAS振幅响应特性的影响,设计了小球撞击圆盘与小球直接撞击砂土面二种激振方式下五种质量含水率0%、5%、10%、15%和20%砂土的DAS振幅响应试验。试验结果表明:(1)小球自由下落撞击砂土面激发的振动信号和传感光纤圆环布设可提高DAS信噪比,试验装置可靠性高、试验结果重复性好;(2)受砂土似黏聚力和声波传播衰减两个因素共同影响,DAS信号振幅随砂土含水率变化存在一个临界含水率。当砂土含水率小于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而减小,而当砂土含水率大于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而增大;(3)因砂土似黏聚力作用和小球撞击时能量转化的差异,小球与砂土的接触形式对DAS振幅响应有显著影响。研究结果为城市地下工程安全动态DAS精细监测提供理论依据。

脑电振荡特征对经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位幅值影响的研究现状

介绍了大脑神经振荡状态对经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)作用效果的影响,综述了TMS刺激初级运动皮层时α振荡功率、α振荡相位、β振荡功率及β振荡相位4种与运动功能密切相关的脑电(electroencephalogram,EEG)振荡特征与运动诱发电位(motor evoked potential,MEP)幅值之间关系的研究现状,分析了该领域研究存在的不足,为深入理解TMS效果差和不稳定的神经生理基础提供了参考。

一种相控阵通道的快速测量方法

随着相控阵系统在通信领域的大规模应用,需要供应商提供能够长期稳定工作的设备。而相控阵通道幅相特性在使用的过程中会随着时间产生变化,最终会导致波束性能下降。为了简化相控阵后期维护,降低维护时间和成本,需要在其维护阶段对相控阵通道进行幅相特性测量。这种测量必须由相控阵系统独立完成,且不应该依赖外部环境。传统的测量方法是依次对每个通道进行独立的测量,这种测量方法效率低下,大规模相控阵的测量时间一般都在数十分钟以上,会使通信业务长时间中断,不利于系统快速维护的需求。目前,对相控阵通道幅相的快速测量方法主要是在相控阵天线位于特定的测试环境下进行,目的是加快相控阵的生产周期,不适用于后期维护。将多载波和系统同步结合,提出了一种相控阵通道的快速测量方法。该方法在相同测量精度下,测量所消耗的时间大约比传统串行测量方法少两个数量级,相比于已有的快速测量方法测量时间大幅缩短。最后通过仿真验证了方法的有效性,得出了测量精度和测量时间的关系。并在相同测量精度条件下与传统串行测量方法和已有快速测量方法的测量时间进行对比。

新疆乌鲁木齐及周边地区非天然地震特征与识别

选取2017—2023年M L2.4~3.8新疆地震台网记录的20个爆破、5个塌陷、25个地震事件,采用波形记录特征、垂直向P波初动方向、振幅比、时频分析方法开展非天然地震特征研究。分析结果表明,非天然地震和天然地震在时域和频域方面存在明显不同,爆破事件垂直向P波向上发育、周期小、S波的振幅和周期变化不明显、容易与面波混淆;塌陷事件垂直向P波向下、P波S波成组出现且接近、波形较爆破简单;两者震动衰减较快,面波发育。爆破Pc/Sm的值大于0.42、地震小于0.42、塌陷Pc/Sm的值大于0.62。爆破Pm/Sm的值大于0.70、地震小于0.70、集中在0.40左右、塌陷Pm/Sm的值在0.55左右;时频分析方面爆破和塌陷频率成分简单,能量峰值在4 Hz以下,频域较窄,以低频面波为主,衰减较快,呈现出“少峰”特征。地震频率成分复杂,分布在4~16 Hz之间,频域较宽,主频不固定,呈现“多峰”特征,能量分布在S波。以上识别判据为今后区分研究区内非天然地震特征提供有效参考。

一种研究线性霍尔传感器频率响应特性的测试平台

线性霍尔传感器被广泛用于测量磁场强度,但针对霍尔传感器动态响应特性的研究却很少。为此,设计并搭建了一种线性霍尔传感器的频率响应特性测试平台。该平台由可控恒流源、线圈、线性霍尔传感器、低噪声放大器和数据采集装置组成,通过构建系统传递函数并提出动态更新的传递函数的方法,实现了霍尔传感器动态响应特性的精确测量。利用该平台分别测试了NHE520F和P3A两款芯片的动态特性性能。结果显示,在2.5 kHz-2 MHz范围内,这两款霍尔传感器在幅频特性和相频特性方面的性能差异在测试平台上被充分显现,而且霍尔传感器的动态特性参数与静态特性参数并非必然一致,动态特性分布也不相同。此外,根据多种温湿度条件下测得的霍尔传感器幅频特性与相频特性,绘制了霍尔传感器的平均动态特性曲线和3个标准差包络曲线。基于该测试平台获得的实验数据对研究霍尔传感器动态响应特性具有重要意义。

二十辊轧机辊系耦合振动特性及振动控制

精密极薄带因具备高精度、耐腐蚀、优异表面光洁度等性能,被广泛应用于微制造、微电子等高技术领域。二十辊轧机辊系的耦合振动对极薄带的生产有着重要的影响。考虑到轧制工艺和润滑状态等变化形成非线性轧制界面,建立了一种二十辊轧机辊系耦合动力学模型。应用多尺度法求解主共振和内共振的幅频特性方程,分析了不同参数对幅频特性曲线的影响。基于奇异性理论探究了不同参数与系统分岔的关系。同时,根据李雅普诺夫一次近似稳定性判据,结合系统动相平面相轨迹图,对系统稳定性进行判断分析。然后,基于Washout filter控制器原理设计了一种状态反馈控制器,通过对系统进行状态空间表达式变换,分析了控制增益对幅频特性的影响。利用时域图、相位图、频谱图以及Poincaré截面图进行仿真对比,验证了所设计控制器的可行性和有效性,为二十辊轧机振动及其控制的研究提供了一定的理论指导。

甲基丙二酸血症患儿振幅整合脑电图特点及其与预后的关系

目的探究甲基丙二酸血症(MMA)患儿振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)特点及其与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析68例MMA患儿资料,所有患儿均行aEEG检查,统计患儿临床资料及症状表现,分析不同发作状态下MMA患儿的aEEG特点,采用Spearman相关系数分析aEEG分级与小儿大脑与总体表现分类量表(PCOPCS)评分的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析aEEG分级对MMA患儿预后的预测价值。结果68例患儿中,aEEG分级Ⅰ级15例、Ⅱ级28例、Ⅲ级23例、Ⅳ级2例。不同发作状态患儿中,强直性发作8例,aEEG呈多灶性棘波、尖波;阵挛性发作10例,aEEG呈棘慢波、多棘慢波;强直-肌阵挛性发作6例,aEEG呈全面性电发作;肌阵挛性16例,aEEG呈广泛性、多灶性棘慢波、多棘慢波,其中6例患儿有高度失律倾向;局灶性发作19例,aEEG呈局灶性电发作;9例无发作,aEEG呈现背景低电压。MMA患儿aEEG分级与PCOPCS评分呈正相关(r=0.792,P<0.01)。ROC曲线显示,aEEG分级预测MMA患儿预后的灵敏度为81.39%,特异度为92.00%,曲线下面积为0.888。结论不同发作状态下MMA患儿脑电波形特点具有差异性,且aEEG分级对MMA患儿预后具有较好的诊断价值,推荐应用于临床。