目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水....目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水.第14天进行气囊扩张大鼠腹部回缩反射(AWR)评分和腹壁肌电测定;实验结束后取结肠组织作常规病理学检查;免疫组织化学染色观察腰膨大部脊髓c-Fos、P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)表达变化.结果:LGMI组大鼠结肠黏膜炎症评分为1.56±0.78分,对照组为0.46±0.54分,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.003).当结肠气囊压力为20mmHg时,2组大鼠的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义;当气囊压力为40、60、80mmHg时,LGMI组的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值明显高于对照组(均P<0.05).LGMI组大鼠腰骶段脊髓c-Fos、SP、CGRP的平均吸光度值均高于对照组(165.26±10.12 vs 126.52±11.48,134.28±10.62 vs 120.82±8.92,157.66±6.25 vs 118.67±5.68,均P<0.01).结论:LGMI触发了内脏感觉过敏,可能在IBS的发病中起重要作用.展开更多
The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allo...The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.展开更多
Background Previous studies have shown that brain functional activity in the resting state is impaired in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） patients. However, alterations in intrinsic brain activity patterns in mild cogniti...Background Previous studies have shown that brain functional activity in the resting state is impaired in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） patients. However, alterations in intrinsic brain activity patterns in mild cognitive impairment （MCI） patients are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the differences in regional intrinsic activities throughout the whole brain between aMCI patients and controls. Methods In the present study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） was performed on 18 amnestic MCI （aMCI） patients, 18 mild AD patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects. And amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） method was used. Results Compared with healthy elderly subjects, aMCI patients showed decreased ALFF in the right hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, left lateral temporal cortex, and right ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） and increased ALFF in the left temporal-parietal junction （TPJ） and inferior parietal Iobule （IPL）. Mild AD patients showed decreased ALFF in the left TPJ, posterior IPL （plPL）, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with aMCI patients. Mild AD patients also had decreased ALFF in the right posterior cingulate cortex, right vMPFC and bilateral dorsal MPFC （dMPFC） compared with healthy elderly subjects. Conclusions Decreased intrinsic activities in brain regions closely related to episodic memory were found in aMCI and AD patients. Increased TPJ and IPL activity may indicate compensatory mechanisms for loss of memory function in aMCI patients. These findings suggest that the fMRI based on ALFF analysis may provide a useful tool in the study of aMCI patients.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水.第14天进行气囊扩张大鼠腹部回缩反射(AWR)评分和腹壁肌电测定;实验结束后取结肠组织作常规病理学检查;免疫组织化学染色观察腰膨大部脊髓c-Fos、P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)表达变化.结果:LGMI组大鼠结肠黏膜炎症评分为1.56±0.78分,对照组为0.46±0.54分,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.003).当结肠气囊压力为20mmHg时,2组大鼠的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义;当气囊压力为40、60、80mmHg时,LGMI组的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值明显高于对照组(均P<0.05).LGMI组大鼠腰骶段脊髓c-Fos、SP、CGRP的平均吸光度值均高于对照组(165.26±10.12 vs 126.52±11.48,134.28±10.62 vs 120.82±8.92,157.66±6.25 vs 118.67±5.68,均P<0.01).结论:LGMI触发了内脏感觉过敏,可能在IBS的发病中起重要作用.
文摘The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses （AIOLs）. Standard monofocal intraocular lenses （MIOLs） only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.
基金grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China，the Shanghai High Technology Research Program
文摘Background Previous studies have shown that brain functional activity in the resting state is impaired in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） patients. However, alterations in intrinsic brain activity patterns in mild cognitive impairment （MCI） patients are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the differences in regional intrinsic activities throughout the whole brain between aMCI patients and controls. Methods In the present study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） was performed on 18 amnestic MCI （aMCI） patients, 18 mild AD patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects. And amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） method was used. Results Compared with healthy elderly subjects, aMCI patients showed decreased ALFF in the right hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, left lateral temporal cortex, and right ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） and increased ALFF in the left temporal-parietal junction （TPJ） and inferior parietal Iobule （IPL）. Mild AD patients showed decreased ALFF in the left TPJ, posterior IPL （plPL）, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with aMCI patients. Mild AD patients also had decreased ALFF in the right posterior cingulate cortex, right vMPFC and bilateral dorsal MPFC （dMPFC） compared with healthy elderly subjects. Conclusions Decreased intrinsic activities in brain regions closely related to episodic memory were found in aMCI and AD patients. Increased TPJ and IPL activity may indicate compensatory mechanisms for loss of memory function in aMCI patients. These findings suggest that the fMRI based on ALFF analysis may provide a useful tool in the study of aMCI patients.
