滤光膜对黄檗(Phellodendron amuranse)幼苗三种生物碱含量的影响

以滤光膜遮光处理1年生黄檗(Phellodendron amuranse)幼苗,测定了幼苗生物量及根、茎外皮中的小檗碱、药根碱和掌叶防己碱含量。红色、黄色、蓝色和绿色滤光膜对黄檗幼苗的根和茎生物量都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中黄膜的抑制作用最小,而蓝膜和绿膜的抑制作用最强。滤光膜处理也不同程度地抑制了小檗碱、药根碱和掌叶防己碱的合成和积累,红膜的抑制作用最小,蓝膜和绿膜的抑制作用最强。滤光膜处理后,3种生物碱的单株产量都低于对照,红膜处理小檗碱的产量显著高于黄膜处理,但红膜和黄膜处理下的药根碱和掌叶防己碱的产量差异不显著,蓝膜和绿膜处理的3种生物碱的产量都始终最低。滤光膜处理不利于黄檗幼苗的生长和上述3种生物碱的积累。

我国圈养和野生东北虎种群线粒体基因组遗传多样性的比较研究

东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)是体型最大的猫科(Felidae)动物之一,是极具代表性的珍稀野生动物。现有研究表明,我国野生东北虎种群遗传多样性较低、近交水平较高。尽管目前我国野生东北虎的数量在逐步增长,但通过人工干预来提高野生东北虎的遗传多样性会更利于其数量的恢复,通过野化放归进行遗传拯救是一种关键策略,但实施遗传拯救之前,必须确定圈养个体与现存野生个体间的遗传关系。采用粪便DNA的高通量测序数据组装了51只横道河子圈养东北虎和13只完达山、老爷岭等地的野生东北虎的线粒体基因组,分析两者之间的关系,评估线粒体基因组的遗传多样性。结果表明:圈养东北虎的遗传多样性高于野生种群,所有遗传变异均为无害。部分圈养个体与野生种群同属一个进化支,且具有野生种群所不包含的遗传变异,可用于实施遗传拯救。此外,圈养种群存在显著的遗传分化,一个与当前野生种群关系很远的分支可能代表未知的地理种群,因此,建议对该远缘分支开展野外来源的追溯,确定其谱系地理学地位和保护价值,使其成为恢复野外历史遗传多样性的后备资源。

额尔古纳河流域水文地理区划研究

额尔古纳河流经中俄蒙3国,对3个国家间水权分配问题和黑龙江(阿穆尔河)水资源量具有重要影响。为研究额尔古纳河流域水文地理分布特征,基于30 m数字地表模型,结合行政区划、图鉴等资料,对额尔古纳河流域基于行政管理、地表水和地下水3因素分区,分析流域水资源分布特性。额尔古纳河流域流经中俄蒙3国共10个行政区,根据地表径流特征和地下水赋存特征划分为6个地表水分区和3个地下水分区。耦合3因素得到额尔古纳河流域17个分区,分区数最多、流域涉及面积最广且地下水类型分布多样的为中国,为协调整个流域的水资源管理问题,以中国境内为主,辅以俄罗斯和蒙古两国,以流域的可持续发展加强跨界河流国家的生态-社会-经济的可持续发展。通过从全流域视角对额尔古纳河流域水资源进行规划和区划,对额尔古纳河及同类型的跨界河流水资源的管理提供具有地域特性的分配依据以及研究方法的参考。

吉林长白县大林姬鼠中检测到Amur样病毒核酸

用针对汉坦病毒L（大）片段的特异引物对21份大林姬鼠鼠肺样本进行检测，有2份扩增出特异性条带，经序列测定显示是Amur样病毒，两株病毒存在一个碱基的差异。随后对一株样本的M和S片段进行了全长扩增，结果显示其M片段和H5株同源性最高。S片段和NA33株的同源性最高。根据M片段编码区序列构建的进化树显示，我国和俄罗斯Amur样病毒可归为同一亚型。

复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果

目的:分析复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果。方法:选取2020年4月—2022年11月深圳出入境边防检查总站医院收治的100例高位肛周脓肿患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各50例。对照组采取内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上实施复方黄柏液坐浴治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。观察组创面疼痛以及创面水肿评分低于对照组,愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗前,两组C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、P物质(SP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组5-HT、NE、SP水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:复方黄柏液坐浴辅助内口封闭联合负压封闭引流技术治疗高位肛周脓肿的效果显著,可促进创面恢复,减轻炎性反应,缓解疼痛。

Centennial Analysis of Human Activity Intensity and Associated Historical Events in Heilongjiang River Sino-Russo Watershed

Human activities in a transborder watershed are complex under the influence of domestic policies,international relations,and global events.Understanding the forces driving human activity change is important for the development of transborder watershed.In this study,we used global historical land cover data,the hemeroby index model,and synthesized major historical events to analyze how human activity intensity changed in the Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)watershed(HLRW).The results showed that there was a strong spatial heterogeneity in the variation of human activity intensity in the HLRW over the past century(1900-2016).On the Chinese side,the human activity intensity change shifted from the plain areas for agricultural reclamation to the mountainous areas for timber extraction.On the Russian side,human activity intensity changes mostly concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.Localized variation of human activity intensity tended to respond to regional events while regionalized variation tends to reflect national policy change or broad international events.The similarities and differences between China and Russia in policies and positions in international events resulted in synchronous and asynchronous changes in human activity intensity.Meanwhile,policy shifts were often confined by the natural features of the watershed.These results reveal the historical origins and fundamental connotations of watershed development and contribute to formulating regional management policies that coordinate population,eco-nomic,social,and environmental activities.

19世纪末至20世纪初俄国阿穆尔州流行病防疫及其社会意义

阿穆尔河流域航运的开通促进了沿岸经济的发展,吸引了大量外来移民的涌入。因阿穆尔州医疗卫生水平较低,防疫体系不健全,导致流行病频繁。笔者通过研究俄文原始档案、文献资料分析了19世纪末至20世纪初阿穆尔州抗击天花、霍乱和鼠疫的防疫措施及其社会意义。1910年,鼠疫从俄国西伯利亚经满洲里传入我国,阿穆尔河(黑龙江)为中俄界河,阿穆尔州为了防止鼠疫发生,制定了系列应急方案。百年前的防疫措施虽不完善,但为当今中俄边境传染病联合防疫提供了历史借鉴。

Climate change characteristics of Amur River

Unusually severe weather is occurring more frequently due to global climate change. Heat waves, rainstorms, snowstorms, and droughts are becoming increasingly common all over the world, threatening human lives and property. Both temperature and precipitation are representative variables usually used to directly reflect and forecast the influences of climate change. In this study, daily data （from 1953 to 1995） and monthly data （from 1950 to 2010） of temperature and precipitation in five regions of the Amur River were examined. The significance of changes in temperature and precipitation was tested using the Mann-Kendall test method. The amplitudes were computed using the linear least-squares regression model, and the extreme temperature and precipitation were analyzed using hydrological statistical methods. The results show the following： the mean annual temperature increased significantly from 1950 to 2010 in the five regions, mainly due to the warming in spring and winter; the annual precipitation changed significantly from 1950 to 2010 only in the lower mainstream of the Amur River; the frequency of extremely low temperature events decreased from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River; the frequency of high temperature events increased from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River; and the frequency of extreme precipitation events did not change significantly from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis for settling disputes between China and Russia on sustainable development and utilization of water resources of the Amur River.

SEED DISPERSAL,DORMANCY,SEEDBANK AND REGENERATION OF AMUR CORKTREE

Amur corktree (phellodendron amurense Rupr.)is one of the important accompanyingspeeies of Korean pine(Pinus Koraiensis Sieb et Zucc)broadleaved forest in northeast China.Thispaper reports on the seed dispersal,dormancy,seed bank and regeneration of amur corktree.Seeds ofamur corktree are dispersed mainly by the aid of birds and gravity.The aril of the seeds many increaseseed longevity.In natural secondary forests,the stone of the seed bank may reach 750.000 seeds perheetare Regeneration was correlated with disturbance.and was best under intensive disturbance.

The Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit(Upper Amur region,Russia)：Structure,mineralogy and genetic aspects

The Berezitovoe deposit in the Sergachi volcano-plutonic and metallogenic belt preserves evidence for polymetallic mineralization of multiple stages.The steeply dipping gamet-tourmaline-muscovite-quartz metasomatites（with K-Ar ages of 132 ± 2.9 and 127 ± 4.4 Ma） carry two distinct stages of mineralization developed at different times：（1） polymetallic mineralization and（2） gold-quartz.The deposit is located within Paleozoic gneissose granitoids of the Pikansky complex（dated as 379 ± 1.1 Ma by zircon U-Pb method） intruded by early Cretaceous porphyry-like granites of the Haikta pluton（dated as137 ± 0.67 Ma by zircon U-Pb method） and late Cretaceous dikes of porphyrites,porphyries,and lamprophyres.Evidence suggests the action of late gold-bearing hydrothermal fluids on the early polymetallic ores and the selective mobilization of some elements from these lead to redeposition together with complex sulphosalts.

Spatial Ecology of Translocated and Resident Amur Ratsnakes(Elaphe schrenckii) in Two Mountain Valleys of South Korea

The translocation of snakes has been viewed as a useful tool to augment declining populations and to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, even though released snakes often exhibit relatively high mortality. We radio-tracked 13 Amur Ratsnakes （Elaphe schrenckii） in the Woraksan National Park in South Korea from July 2008 to May 2009. Two of these snakes were residents, and 11 had been illegally captured in areas remote from the study site and were donated by the park office. During the study period, six of the translocated snakes were lost： two were killed by predators, one died of unknown causes, and the radio signals of three of the snakes were lost. In the field, the ratsnakes laid eggs in early August, moved into hibemacula in late November, and moved away from the hibemacula in mid-April. Compared to the resident snakes, five of the translocated snakes traveled approximately 1.3 times farther per week, and the home ranges of the translocated snakes were three to six times larger than those of the resident snakes. In addition, the translocated snakes were found underground more frequently than the resident snakes. The management recommendations resulting from this study will guide biologists and land use managers in making appropriate decisions regarding release sites and the use of gravid females in the translocation of this endangered ratsnake.

Risks involved in fecal DNA-based genotyping of microsatellite loci in the Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica:a pilot study

In modern wildlife ecological research,feces is the most common non-invasive source of DNA obtained in the field and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technology based on microsatellite markers is used to mine genetic information contained within.This is especially the case for endangered species.However,there are risks associated with this genotyping method because of the poor quality of fecal DNA.In this study,we assessed genotyping risk across 12 microsatellite loci commonly used in previous tiger studies using blood and fecal DNA from captive Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica).To begin,we developed an index termed the accumulated matching rate of genotypes(R)between positive DNA(blood samples) and fecal DNA to explore the correct genotyping probability of a certain microsatellite locus.We found that different microsatelliteloci had different genotyping risks and required different PCR amplification protocols.The genotyping errors we detected altered population genetic parameters and potentially impact subsequent analyses.Based on these findings,we recommend that:(1) four loci(E7,Fca094,Pti007 and Pti010) of 12 loci are not suitable for Amur tiger genetic research because of a low Rand difficulty reaching a stable status;(2) the Rof the 12 microsatellite loci plateaued differently,and considering limited budgets,amplification times of some loci could be increased when using fecal samples; and(3) future genetic analysis of wild Amur tigers should be corrected by genotyping error rates(1-R).

Effects of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Com plex Additives on Non-specific Immunity of Amursturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt)

This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives （ Cyrtomium fortunei, prescription I and prescription II） on non-specific immunity of 1 ＋ age old Amur sturgeon （Acipenser schrencki Brandt） by oral perfusion. Cyrtomiumfortunei, prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day, with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g/S0 kg body weight, respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile, distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment, some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature （30 ℃ ） for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum, phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomiumfortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature, but it did in promo- ting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.

Spatial-temporal variability of snow cover over the Amur River Basin inferred from MODIS daily snow products in recent decades

MODIS snow products MOD10A1\MYD10A1 provided us a unique chance to investigate snow cover as well as its spatial-temporal variability in response to global changes from regional and global perspectives.By means of MODIS snow products MOD10A1\MYD10A1 derived from an extensive area of the Amur River Basin,mainly located in the Northeast part of China,some part in far east area of the former USSR and a minor part in Republic of Mongolia,the reproduced snow datasets after removal of cloud effects covering the whole watershed of the Amur River Basin were generated by using 6 different cloud-effect-removing algorithms.The accuracy of the reproduced snow products was evaluated with the time series of snow depth data observed from 2002 to 2010 within the Chinese part of the basin,and the results suggested that the accuracies for the reproduced monthly mean snow depth datasets derived from 6 different cloud-effect-removing algorithms varied from 82%to 96%,the snow classification accuracies(the harmonic mean of Recall and Precision)was higher than 80%,close to the accuracy of the original snow product under clear sky conditions when snow cover was stably accumulated.By using the reproduced snow product dataset with the best validated cloud-effect-removing algorithm newly proposed,spatial-temporal variability of snow coverage fraction(SCF),the date when snow cover started to accumulate(SCS)as well as the date when being melted off(SCM)in the Amur River Basin from 2002 to 2016 were investigated.The results indicated that the SCF characterized the significant spatial heterogeneity tended to be higher towards East and North but lower toward West and South over the Amur River Basin.The inter-annual variations of SCF showed an insignificant increase in general with slight fluctuations in majority part of the basin.Both SCS and SCM tended to be slightly linear varied and the inter-annual differences were obvious.In addition,a clear decreasing trend in snow cover is observed in the region.Trend analysis(at 10%significance level)showed that 71%of areas between 2,000 and 2,380 m a.s.l.experienced a reduction in duration and coverage of annual snow cover.Moreover,a severe snow cover reduction during recent years with sharp fluctuations was investigated.Overall spatial-temporal variability of Both SCS and SCM tended to coincide with that of SCF over the basin in general.

Forest and Agricultural Land Use Changes in the Amur River Basin in the 20th Century:Tendencies and Driving Forces

The main part of the Amur River basin(over 90%) belongs to the Russian Far East and Northeastern China.Forests and agricultural lands,covering more than 70%of considered watershed,in the 20th century played a role of important resources base for both regional economic development and growth of national economies.Present-day and future environmental conditions of adjoining regions of Russia

Effects of competition on growth of Amur linden plantation

Competition is the common ecological phenomenon that exists in a stand after canopy closure. The effect of competition on DBH, height, crown diameter and crown area of individual amur linden trees was examined. We used two plots data, from amur linden (Tilia amurensis) plantation, 14 years old, in Liaoning province, to analyze the correlations among DBH, total height, crown diameer and crown area, and used the size-ratio of competiting tree DBHs to subject tree DBH to calculate distance-dependent competition index. The results show that DBH has the largest variation comparing with standard deviations and coeficeints. DBH and crown factors have higher correlations. Competition index is an important factor in tree growth. The best fitting models are exponent, for Cl vs height and Cl vs crown factors, and power, for CI vs DBH. The more closed correlation model is CI vs DBH (R^2=0.7028), which performed 16.32%-18.86% better than other models. These reflect that DBH is an irnportant indicator to display stand competition for amur linden.

Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang(Amur) River area between China and Russia

Four main dinosaur-bearing sites have been investigated in latest Cretaceous deposits from the Amur/Heilongjiang Region: Jiayin and Wulaga in China (Yuliangze Formation) ,Blagoveschensk and Kundur in Rus- sia (Udurchukan Formation) . More than 90% of the bones discovered in these localities belong to hollowcrested lambeosaurine hadrosaurids: Charonosaurus jiayinensis at Jiayin,Amurosaurus riabinini at Blagoveschensk, Olorotitan arharensis at Kundur,and Sahaliyania elunchunorum at Wulaga. Flat-headed hadrosaurine hadrosau- rids are much less numerous,but appear well diversified as well: Kerberosaurus manakini at Blagoveschensk, Wulagasaurus dongi at Wulaga,and a new genus at Kundur. Theropods are represented by shed teeth and isolated bones; isolated scutes and teeth discovered at Kundur are tentatively attributed to nodosaurids. Palynologi- cal studies suggest that these sites are probably synchronous with the Lancian' vertebrate localities of western North America,which represent the youngest dinosaur faunas in this area. However,the latest Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages are completely different in the Amur/Heilongjiang region (lambeosaurines abundant,ceratopsids absent) and in western North America (ceratopsids abundant,lambeosaurines extremely rare or absent) . This probably reflects some kind of geographical barrier between both areas by Maastrichtian time rather than strong differences in palaeoecological conditions.

Stocking density affects the growth performance and metabolism of Amur sturgeon by regulating expression of genes in the GH/IGF axis

The effects of stocking density on the growth and metabolism of Amur sturgeon were assessed. Amur sturgeon were grown for 70 days at three dif ferent stocking densities(low stocking density, LSD: 5.5 kg/m^3; medium stocking density, MSD: 8.0 kg/m^3; and high stocking density, HSD: 11.0 kg/m^3), and the biometric index, muscle composition, and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, pituitary, liver, and muscle samples were collected for gene cloning and expression analyses. After 70 days of growth, the fish maintained at HSD had significantly lower fi nal body weight and specifi c growth rate, and a higher feed conversion ratio than those of the fish in the MSD and LSD groups. The HSD group had the lowest lipid and protein concentrations in serum and muscle. The serum cortisol concentration increased significantly in the HSD group, indicating that the stress-response system was activated in these fish. There was no change in the concentration of serum insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF-2), while the concentrations of serum growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) decreased in the HSD group. The full-length cDNAs of G H and IGF-2 genes(995-bp and 1 207-bp long, respectively), were cloned and analyzed. In the HSD group, the expressions of GH in the pituitary and growth hormone receptor( GHR) and IGF-1 in the liver were down-regulated at the end of the 70-day experiment. In the HSD group, the transcript level of IGF-2 significantly decreased in the liver, but did not change in muscle. Overall, our results indicated that a HSD negatively af fects the growth performance and leads to changes in lipid and protein metabolism in Amur sturgeon. The down-regulated expression of genes related to the GH/IGF axis may be responsible for the poor growth performance of Amur sturgeon under crowding stress.

Fossil woods from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene of Heilongjang(Amur)River area of China and Russia

Fossil woods were collected from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene beds distributed around Heilong-jang(Amur)River area of China and Russia. A total of 43 specimens were collected from Baishantou,Longgushan,and Yong 'ancun in Jiayin,China,and 85 specimens from Zeya-Bureya Basin lying southeast of Blagoveshchensk in Russia. Selected specimens were sectioned and studied anatomically. The source deposits of almost all identifiable specimens belong to the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Taipinglinchang Formation and the Paleocene Wuyun Formation in China,and the Paleocene Upper Tsagayan Formation in Russia. Al- though the results obtained are still far from complete,the taxonomic composition of the fossil woods show marked stratigraphic differences between the two horizons beyond the K/T boundary in China. There is also a strong similarity in wood flora between the Wuyun Formation of China and the Upper Tsagayan Formation of Russia. All identified specimens from the Taipinglinchang Formation are Xenoxylon latiporosum. This is one of the stratigraphically younger records of Xenoxylon,which is a conifer morphogenus of uncertain affinity most common in the Triassic to Early Cretaceous. Only one specimen with possible derivation from either the Wuyun or the Maastrichtian Furao Formation in China was identified as Taxodioxylon sp. The Wuyun Formation yielded both conifers and dicotyledonous woods. The conifers include Taxodioxylon sequoianum of the Taxodiaceae,and Protopiceoxylon amurense,which is attributable to the extant genera Keteleeria or Nothotsuga of the Pinaceae, both are at present endemic to China. At least two morphotypes of dicotyledonous woods were recognized,with one identified as cf. Hamamelidoxylon ,and the other diffuse porous wood is characterized by numerous hetero- geneous rays. From the Zeya-Buleya Basin of Russia,Taxodioxylon sequoianum and cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp. were identified from the Upper Tsagayan Formation. The similarity of wood composition in both Wuyun and Up- per Tsagayan Formations support lithological as well as biostratigraphic correlations proposed for the two forma- tions.

张广才岭南部东北虎猎物种群冬季营养容纳量研究

猎物匮乏是影响东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)种群恢复的关键因素之一。容纳量研究是开展东北虎猎物恢复工作的必要前提。通过Maxent模型、聚类分析和训练随机树分类等方法,结合调查数据,预测了吉林省张广才岭南部黄泥河林业局东北虎主要猎物的适宜栖息地空间分布,解译了植被类型,在此基础上基于不同植被类型动物可采食部分代谢能、不同生境等级食物可利用率、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)和狍(Capreolus capreolus)生境等级重叠情况以及动物冬季能量需求,分析了东北虎猎物的冬季营养容纳量。结果表明:黄泥河林业局狍、野猪(Sus scrofa)和马鹿的适宜栖息地分别占研究区域总面积的52.8%、40.7%和25.4%;从猎物获取能量来看,以山杨(Populus davidiana)、桦树(Betula)、核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)为主的植被类型是马鹿、狍可获得能量较多的生境,以蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、核桃楸为主的植被类型是野猪可获得能量较多的生境。东北虎猎物种群的综合冬季营养容纳量为574只马鹿(0.29只/km^(2)),7016只狍(3.54只/km^(2)),4785只野猪(2.38只/km^(2))。