Background:This research focuses on herbal medicine,an ancient healthcare practice,exploring the antibacterial attributes of fresh and dried leaf extracts from Momordica charantia(commonly known as Bitter melon)and Ve...Background:This research focuses on herbal medicine,an ancient healthcare practice,exploring the antibacterial attributes of fresh and dried leaf extracts from Momordica charantia(commonly known as Bitter melon)and Vernonia amygdalina(Bitter leaf).The study specifically investigates their effects on different bacterial strains associated with gastroenteritis.Methods:Four enteric bacterial isolates-Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli,and Proteus mirabilis-were obtained from the Medical Laboratory Unit at Babcock University Teaching Hospital in Ilishan-Remo,Ogun State.Phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing were conducted using standard biochemical techniques and the Punch-hole agar diffusion method,respectively.Results:Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids,glycosides,and saponin in both plants,excluding terpenoids.Alkaloids were identified only in Vernonia amygdalina.Despite these phytochemicals,neither plant displayed inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial isolates(Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Salmonella typhi)when tested individually or in combination.Intriguingly,combining the fresh and dried leaf extracts of Momordica charantia and Vernonia amygdalina with a standard drug resulted in smaller mean zone diameters of inhibition(Escherichia coli range:14 mm–16 mm,Proteus mirabilis range:31 mm–35 mm,Klebsiella pneumoniae range:13 mm–22 mm,and Salmonella typhi range:35 mm–38 mm)compared to the drug tested alone(16 mm–45 mm).Conclusion:Despite previous indications of antibacterial properties in various extracts of V.amygdalina and M.charantia leaves,our study presents contradictory results,prompting the need for further investigation despite the presence of significant phytochemicals.展开更多
Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a tropical species susceptible to frost which is an annual phenomenon of the winter season of the Eastern Cape. Limited populations of the species arc in the province dieback during the win...Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a tropical species susceptible to frost which is an annual phenomenon of the winter season of the Eastern Cape. Limited populations of the species arc in the province dieback during the winter period, thereby making large scale cultivation through conventional vegetative propagation impossible. In our effort to increasing the population of the species within the province, a micropropagation approach through tissue culture teehnology was employed. Two growth regulators （BAP ＆ NAA） were tested at four levels of concentration under continuous light and dark conditions. Plantlets were subsequently transferred to the field after acclimatization at different temperature conditions. The result of the study showed that BAP generally performs better than NAA for callus induction under continuous darkness, while direct micropropagation of shoot under continuous light condition at I mg L^-1BAP showed the best result. To achieve greater success for the rapid multiplication of the species, this study further demonstrates that the optimum temperature range for acclimatizing the species prior to the transfer of the plantlet to the field is between 23 ±3 ℃.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the r...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear.After 6 hrs,cutting out the ear quantitated the response.The cut ear was weighed and the increase in weight relative to control group was evaluated.Results:When co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear extract of V.A.produced a reduction in the inflammatory response when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear.The extract produced(69.1 +2.0)%reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone,lower than the reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid[(71.1±2.0)%].Conclusions:This finding suggests that extract of V.A.exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves w...Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves were collected within Nsukka area in Enugu State.The leaves were rinsed with distilled water.Two handful of cleaned fresh leaves were soaked in 200 mL water and squeezed gently by hand to a mixture.Clients were divided into four groups and each group was given different combination.They took the medication for four weeks.The immune effect was tested against marketed immune booster in some retroviral clients.Results:The mean absolute CD4 count was increased in the client who took the extract or supplement.And the clients who took both the extract and supplement had a greater increase in the CD4 count.The increased CD4 was significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05).The skin rashes were also improved in the entire groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of V.amygdalina and immunace or both have immunological effect on HIV infected patients. Therefore,we suggest that the V.amygdalina extract or immunace or both could be used as adjuvant in the management of HIV/AIDS clients.展开更多
Vernonia amygdalina Del. is one of the leafy vegetables that can be used in an attempt to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, prominent in tropical Africa. In order to ensure availability in non-growi...Vernonia amygdalina Del. is one of the leafy vegetables that can be used in an attempt to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, prominent in tropical Africa. In order to ensure availability in non-growing areas or seasons, the vegetable needs to be preserved. Processing and preservation methods influence the nutrient content of vegetables. The present study was aimed at determining the effects of preservation on two different varieties of V. amygdalina (bitter) leaves (broad and small leaves). To this effect, evaluations were made on the chlorophyll content, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of the two varieties of bitter leaf (V. amygdalina Del.) stored at 4℃ and –20℃ over a period of two weeks. Results showed a significant decrease in all parameters studied for both varieties at –20℃ except for the free radical reducing power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (%RSA) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (%RSA) of V. amygdalina broad leaves where increase in scavenging activity was observed. Thus, it was concluded that to preserve the chlorophyll, phenol, total soluble proteins and reducing sugar levels, preservation at 4℃ is recommended. The present study finding would be useful during short-term preservation of bitter leaves for soup preparation and/or its aqueous extract for ethnomedicinal purposes, especially the small leaf variety.展开更多
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of women in the United States. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early ...Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of women in the United States. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments. Although great advancements have been made in the treatment and control of cancer progression, significant deficiencies and room for improvement remain. The central objective of this research was to further determine the in vitro mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf extracts as an anticancer candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. To achieve our objective, MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of VA for 24 hand 48 h. Cell viability, live and dead cells were determined by the means of trypan blue exclusion test. Live and dead cells were further evaluated by propidium iodine (PI) assay using the Cellometer Vision. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assessment using annexin V/PI kit. Data obtained from the trypan blue test demonstrated that VA treatment reduces cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Result of the PI assay showed a gradual increase in the population of necrotic cells (fluorescence positive cells) in VA-treated cells compared to the control cells (fluorescence negative cells). Treatment of these cancer cells (MCF-7) for 48 h at concentrations ranging from 250 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL caused early signs of apoptosis resulting from phosphatidylserine externalization as judged by annexin V assay. We observed a strong concentration-response relationship with regard to VA exposure and annexin V/PI positive cells. In summary, our finding demonstrates that VA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells involve phosphatidylserine externalization accompanied by secondary necrotic cell death. With previous findings in our laboratory, the data generated in the present study confirms that VA is a valuable botanical therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.展开更多
Objective:Aim of present study is to scientifically,verify the antidiabetic activity/potency of Vernonia amygdalina in human diabetes.Methods:A search was made at Nnewi,South - East Nigeria for known diabetes who use ...Objective:Aim of present study is to scientifically,verify the antidiabetic activity/potency of Vernonia amygdalina in human diabetes.Methods:A search was made at Nnewi,South - East Nigeria for known diabetes who use Vernonia amygdalina either as their sole or supplementary antidiabetic.A total of ten volunteers comprising, eight females and two males were recruited.They were all of age range of 36-50 and average weight of 78 kg and suffering from non - insulin form of diabetes.The purpose of the study was explained to them and their consent obtained.They were asked not to take any other antidiabetic outside Vernonia amygdalina throughout the four weeks study period.There was however,no form of restrictions to their choice of diet or life style. They were requested to abstain from any drugs a week prior to commencement of study.Their prescriber’s dosage range was followed and minimum daily dose of 210 mL(approximately 220 mg of dry extract) was administered in Week-1,followed by daily dose of 420 mL(440 mg) in Week-2.In Week-3 they received 630 mL (660 mg) daily dose and in Week-4,they received daily dose of 840 mL(880 mg).Their fasting blood sugar were estimated pre-crude drug administration and on weekly basis for the four week study period.Their weekly weights were measured to check for possible weight gain or loss.Results were subjected to statistical analysis and Students T-Test was used to calculate P-value.P-value≤0.05 were considered significant.Results:It was observed that all the volunteers in the study group were taking Vernonia amygdalina only as supplementary. Two volunteers dropped out of the study at the end of Week-3 leaving us with 8 in Week-4.There was no significant bodyweight change within the four week study.The starting mean fasting blood sugar which was 133.3 mg/dL(7.41 mmol/L) rose to 136.6 mg/dL(7.59 mmol/L) in Week-1,to 149.5 mg/dL(8.31 mmol/L) in Week-2 and to 166.5 mg/dL(9.30 mmol/L) in Week-3.Week-4 had us left with 8 volunteers with a mean of 190.6 mg/dL(10.59 mmol/L).There was significant differences in increase in sugar levels between the pre-crade extract administration and treatment period with Vernonia amygdalina(P≤0.05 for Week-1,Ps?0.02 for Week-2,P^0.01 for Week-3 and PssO.001 for Week-4).Conclusion:Claims of antidiabetic efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina in human diabetes are scientifically non verifiable based on our work hence these claims are false.We also feel bold to state that we could not demonstrate any antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina in human subjects.We recommend that NAFDAC and all relevant agencies must sit up and control all forms advertorial on Medicinal plants until such are well studied and proven.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of water extract of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina(V.A.) on arthritis induced model of rats.Methods:Arthritis was induced in male albino Wister rats by injection of crot...Objective:To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of water extract of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina(V.A.) on arthritis induced model of rats.Methods:Arthritis was induced in male albino Wister rats by injection of croton oil(0.1 mL) into the left foot pad of the animals.Treatment with V.A.at 200 and 400 mg/kg and standard Indomethacin(0.3 mg/kg) was started on the same day and continued up to the 12th day.The paw volume was measured on the 1st,5th,12th and 21st day,respectively for both the paws and anti-arthritic activity was evaluated.Results:The extract of V.A.produced reduction in the inflammation of the paw due to croton oil.The antiarthritic action started on the 5th day and continued till the 12th day and the activity was comparable to that of the standard on both days.V.A.significantly inhibited adjuvant induced arthritis and had significant ant-inflammatory effect(P【0.05).Conclusion:This report therefore clearly showed that V.A.significantly inhibited adjuvant induced arthritis in rats as it significantly reduced the paw volume on the 12th day and may explain the effectiveness of this plant when used in the tropics for the treatment of arthritis.展开更多
In this work, adsorption and thermodynamics study of the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 medium using Vernonia amygdalina was carried out. The inhibitive and adsorptive properties of ethanol extract of ...In this work, adsorption and thermodynamics study of the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 medium using Vernonia amygdalina was carried out. The inhibitive and adsorptive properties of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using weight loss technique. The result has proved that that the extract is a good inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. The inhibition efficiencies ranged from 23.37 to 38.59% and from 22.45 to 35.78% at 303 and 323K respectively. The inhibition efficiency of the extract decreased as temperature and time of immersion increased but increased with increase in concentration of extract. The adsorption of the inhibitor on surface of mild steel was found to be exothermic, spontaneous and consistent with the mechanism of physical adsorption as the value for heat of adsorption ranged from -2.12 to -4.87KJ mol–1. The adsorption data fitted well to Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherms.展开更多
Background:In the presence of a stimulus that disrupts homeostasis,the body elicits a response known as in-flammation.The inflammatory response is expected to restore the normal functioning of the body and initiate he...Background:In the presence of a stimulus that disrupts homeostasis,the body elicits a response known as in-flammation.The inflammatory response is expected to restore the normal functioning of the body and initiate healing where necessary.However,the persistent activity of acute inflammation results in chronic inflammation which causes adverse consequences associated with diseases such as diabetes and arthritis.In traditional medical practice,Vernonia amygdalina is used to treat several ailments such as malaria,fever,diabetes,and inflammatory conditions such as those related to pain and swelling.Objective:This review seeks to explore and discuss the therapeutic benefits of V.amygdalina in the treatment of inflammation and its associated diseases.Methods:We reviewed the scientific literature indexed in PubMed,ScienceDirect and Springer,and discussed the reported anti-inflammatory properties of V.amygdalina and its curative activity in inflammation-associated diseases.Results:A total of 30 published articles were identified describing the therapeutic effect of V.amygdalina in predominately experimental models.The anti-inflammatory properties of V.amygdalina have been linked to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents predominantly present in the leaves of the plant.Conclusions:Multiple studies have demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of V.amygdalina can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes in inflammatory cells,reducing inflammation and its associated complications.We critically appraise the current evidence,and discuss the potential use of this medicinal plant in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.展开更多
文摘Background:This research focuses on herbal medicine,an ancient healthcare practice,exploring the antibacterial attributes of fresh and dried leaf extracts from Momordica charantia(commonly known as Bitter melon)and Vernonia amygdalina(Bitter leaf).The study specifically investigates their effects on different bacterial strains associated with gastroenteritis.Methods:Four enteric bacterial isolates-Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli,and Proteus mirabilis-were obtained from the Medical Laboratory Unit at Babcock University Teaching Hospital in Ilishan-Remo,Ogun State.Phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing were conducted using standard biochemical techniques and the Punch-hole agar diffusion method,respectively.Results:Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids,glycosides,and saponin in both plants,excluding terpenoids.Alkaloids were identified only in Vernonia amygdalina.Despite these phytochemicals,neither plant displayed inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial isolates(Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Salmonella typhi)when tested individually or in combination.Intriguingly,combining the fresh and dried leaf extracts of Momordica charantia and Vernonia amygdalina with a standard drug resulted in smaller mean zone diameters of inhibition(Escherichia coli range:14 mm–16 mm,Proteus mirabilis range:31 mm–35 mm,Klebsiella pneumoniae range:13 mm–22 mm,and Salmonella typhi range:35 mm–38 mm)compared to the drug tested alone(16 mm–45 mm).Conclusion:Despite previous indications of antibacterial properties in various extracts of V.amygdalina and M.charantia leaves,our study presents contradictory results,prompting the need for further investigation despite the presence of significant phytochemicals.
文摘Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a tropical species susceptible to frost which is an annual phenomenon of the winter season of the Eastern Cape. Limited populations of the species arc in the province dieback during the winter period, thereby making large scale cultivation through conventional vegetative propagation impossible. In our effort to increasing the population of the species within the province, a micropropagation approach through tissue culture teehnology was employed. Two growth regulators （BAP ＆ NAA） were tested at four levels of concentration under continuous light and dark conditions. Plantlets were subsequently transferred to the field after acclimatization at different temperature conditions. The result of the study showed that BAP generally performs better than NAA for callus induction under continuous darkness, while direct micropropagation of shoot under continuous light condition at I mg L^-1BAP showed the best result. To achieve greater success for the rapid multiplication of the species, this study further demonstrates that the optimum temperature range for acclimatizing the species prior to the transfer of the plantlet to the field is between 23 ±3 ℃.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A).Methods:Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear.After 6 hrs,cutting out the ear quantitated the response.The cut ear was weighed and the increase in weight relative to control group was evaluated.Results:When co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear extract of V.A.produced a reduction in the inflammatory response when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear.The extract produced(69.1 +2.0)%reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone,lower than the reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid[(71.1±2.0)%].Conclusions:This finding suggests that extract of V.A.exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.
文摘Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves were collected within Nsukka area in Enugu State.The leaves were rinsed with distilled water.Two handful of cleaned fresh leaves were soaked in 200 mL water and squeezed gently by hand to a mixture.Clients were divided into four groups and each group was given different combination.They took the medication for four weeks.The immune effect was tested against marketed immune booster in some retroviral clients.Results:The mean absolute CD4 count was increased in the client who took the extract or supplement.And the clients who took both the extract and supplement had a greater increase in the CD4 count.The increased CD4 was significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05).The skin rashes were also improved in the entire groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of V.amygdalina and immunace or both have immunological effect on HIV infected patients. Therefore,we suggest that the V.amygdalina extract or immunace or both could be used as adjuvant in the management of HIV/AIDS clients.
文摘Vernonia amygdalina Del. is one of the leafy vegetables that can be used in an attempt to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, prominent in tropical Africa. In order to ensure availability in non-growing areas or seasons, the vegetable needs to be preserved. Processing and preservation methods influence the nutrient content of vegetables. The present study was aimed at determining the effects of preservation on two different varieties of V. amygdalina (bitter) leaves (broad and small leaves). To this effect, evaluations were made on the chlorophyll content, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of the two varieties of bitter leaf (V. amygdalina Del.) stored at 4℃ and –20℃ over a period of two weeks. Results showed a significant decrease in all parameters studied for both varieties at –20℃ except for the free radical reducing power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (%RSA) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (%RSA) of V. amygdalina broad leaves where increase in scavenging activity was observed. Thus, it was concluded that to preserve the chlorophyll, phenol, total soluble proteins and reducing sugar levels, preservation at 4℃ is recommended. The present study finding would be useful during short-term preservation of bitter leaves for soup preparation and/or its aqueous extract for ethnomedicinal purposes, especially the small leaf variety.
文摘Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of women in the United States. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments. Although great advancements have been made in the treatment and control of cancer progression, significant deficiencies and room for improvement remain. The central objective of this research was to further determine the in vitro mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf extracts as an anticancer candidate for the treatment of breast cancer. To achieve our objective, MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of VA for 24 hand 48 h. Cell viability, live and dead cells were determined by the means of trypan blue exclusion test. Live and dead cells were further evaluated by propidium iodine (PI) assay using the Cellometer Vision. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assessment using annexin V/PI kit. Data obtained from the trypan blue test demonstrated that VA treatment reduces cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Result of the PI assay showed a gradual increase in the population of necrotic cells (fluorescence positive cells) in VA-treated cells compared to the control cells (fluorescence negative cells). Treatment of these cancer cells (MCF-7) for 48 h at concentrations ranging from 250 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL caused early signs of apoptosis resulting from phosphatidylserine externalization as judged by annexin V assay. We observed a strong concentration-response relationship with regard to VA exposure and annexin V/PI positive cells. In summary, our finding demonstrates that VA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells involve phosphatidylserine externalization accompanied by secondary necrotic cell death. With previous findings in our laboratory, the data generated in the present study confirms that VA is a valuable botanical therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
文摘Objective:Aim of present study is to scientifically,verify the antidiabetic activity/potency of Vernonia amygdalina in human diabetes.Methods:A search was made at Nnewi,South - East Nigeria for known diabetes who use Vernonia amygdalina either as their sole or supplementary antidiabetic.A total of ten volunteers comprising, eight females and two males were recruited.They were all of age range of 36-50 and average weight of 78 kg and suffering from non - insulin form of diabetes.The purpose of the study was explained to them and their consent obtained.They were asked not to take any other antidiabetic outside Vernonia amygdalina throughout the four weeks study period.There was however,no form of restrictions to their choice of diet or life style. They were requested to abstain from any drugs a week prior to commencement of study.Their prescriber’s dosage range was followed and minimum daily dose of 210 mL(approximately 220 mg of dry extract) was administered in Week-1,followed by daily dose of 420 mL(440 mg) in Week-2.In Week-3 they received 630 mL (660 mg) daily dose and in Week-4,they received daily dose of 840 mL(880 mg).Their fasting blood sugar were estimated pre-crude drug administration and on weekly basis for the four week study period.Their weekly weights were measured to check for possible weight gain or loss.Results were subjected to statistical analysis and Students T-Test was used to calculate P-value.P-value≤0.05 were considered significant.Results:It was observed that all the volunteers in the study group were taking Vernonia amygdalina only as supplementary. Two volunteers dropped out of the study at the end of Week-3 leaving us with 8 in Week-4.There was no significant bodyweight change within the four week study.The starting mean fasting blood sugar which was 133.3 mg/dL(7.41 mmol/L) rose to 136.6 mg/dL(7.59 mmol/L) in Week-1,to 149.5 mg/dL(8.31 mmol/L) in Week-2 and to 166.5 mg/dL(9.30 mmol/L) in Week-3.Week-4 had us left with 8 volunteers with a mean of 190.6 mg/dL(10.59 mmol/L).There was significant differences in increase in sugar levels between the pre-crade extract administration and treatment period with Vernonia amygdalina(P≤0.05 for Week-1,Ps?0.02 for Week-2,P^0.01 for Week-3 and PssO.001 for Week-4).Conclusion:Claims of antidiabetic efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina in human diabetes are scientifically non verifiable based on our work hence these claims are false.We also feel bold to state that we could not demonstrate any antidiabetic activity of Vernonia amygdalina in human subjects.We recommend that NAFDAC and all relevant agencies must sit up and control all forms advertorial on Medicinal plants until such are well studied and proven.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of water extract of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina(V.A.) on arthritis induced model of rats.Methods:Arthritis was induced in male albino Wister rats by injection of croton oil(0.1 mL) into the left foot pad of the animals.Treatment with V.A.at 200 and 400 mg/kg and standard Indomethacin(0.3 mg/kg) was started on the same day and continued up to the 12th day.The paw volume was measured on the 1st,5th,12th and 21st day,respectively for both the paws and anti-arthritic activity was evaluated.Results:The extract of V.A.produced reduction in the inflammation of the paw due to croton oil.The antiarthritic action started on the 5th day and continued till the 12th day and the activity was comparable to that of the standard on both days.V.A.significantly inhibited adjuvant induced arthritis and had significant ant-inflammatory effect(P【0.05).Conclusion:This report therefore clearly showed that V.A.significantly inhibited adjuvant induced arthritis in rats as it significantly reduced the paw volume on the 12th day and may explain the effectiveness of this plant when used in the tropics for the treatment of arthritis.
文摘In this work, adsorption and thermodynamics study of the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 medium using Vernonia amygdalina was carried out. The inhibitive and adsorptive properties of ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using weight loss technique. The result has proved that that the extract is a good inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4. The inhibition efficiencies ranged from 23.37 to 38.59% and from 22.45 to 35.78% at 303 and 323K respectively. The inhibition efficiency of the extract decreased as temperature and time of immersion increased but increased with increase in concentration of extract. The adsorption of the inhibitor on surface of mild steel was found to be exothermic, spontaneous and consistent with the mechanism of physical adsorption as the value for heat of adsorption ranged from -2.12 to -4.87KJ mol–1. The adsorption data fitted well to Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherms.
文摘Background:In the presence of a stimulus that disrupts homeostasis,the body elicits a response known as in-flammation.The inflammatory response is expected to restore the normal functioning of the body and initiate healing where necessary.However,the persistent activity of acute inflammation results in chronic inflammation which causes adverse consequences associated with diseases such as diabetes and arthritis.In traditional medical practice,Vernonia amygdalina is used to treat several ailments such as malaria,fever,diabetes,and inflammatory conditions such as those related to pain and swelling.Objective:This review seeks to explore and discuss the therapeutic benefits of V.amygdalina in the treatment of inflammation and its associated diseases.Methods:We reviewed the scientific literature indexed in PubMed,ScienceDirect and Springer,and discussed the reported anti-inflammatory properties of V.amygdalina and its curative activity in inflammation-associated diseases.Results:A total of 30 published articles were identified describing the therapeutic effect of V.amygdalina in predominately experimental models.The anti-inflammatory properties of V.amygdalina have been linked to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents predominantly present in the leaves of the plant.Conclusions:Multiple studies have demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of V.amygdalina can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes in inflammatory cells,reducing inflammation and its associated complications.We critically appraise the current evidence,and discuss the potential use of this medicinal plant in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
