Bile anaerobic bacteria detection and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with gallstone

OBJECTIVE: To detect bile anaerobic bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in 59 patients with gallstoneswho had had cholecystectomy.METHODS: BACT/ALERT 120 microbe detection system and SCEPTOR microbe detection system wereused to detect bile anaerobic bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility.RESULTS: The ratio of anaerobic bacteria to the patients examined was 52.5% (31/59). Obligateanaerobe bile culture showed positive results in 4 patients. B. fragilis (37.8%) was the major type ofanaerobic bacteria in bile. Most (81.8%) of anaerobic bacteria were sensitive to metronidazole, andimipenem was suitable for β-lactamase bacteria.CONCLUSIONS: Culture of anaerobic bacteria in logarithmic phase can improve the positive rate of theculture. There are some relations between anaerobic infection and gallstone formation.

Cd^(2+) removal from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

A process of treatment for containing Cd 2+ wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with upflow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor has been studied. When the concentration of COD and Cd 2+ in the influent were 270 5mg/L and 100mg/L respectively and hydraulic retention time was 4 hours, the removal rate of COD and Cd 2+ were higher than 73 8% and 99 8% respectively. The reactor can treat as high as 1000mg/L of concentration of Cd 2+ . The highest removal velocity rate of Cd 2+ reached 2999 1mg/(L·d). And the possible relationship between sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria was discussed.

Evaluation of the new OxyPlate^(TM) Anaerobic System for the isolation of ocular anaerobic bacteria

AIM: Anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. We tested the OxyPlateTM Anaerobic System (OXY) to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular disease.METHODS: OXY, which does not require direct anaerobic conditions (i.e. bags, jars), was compared to conventional isolation of incubating culture media in anaerobic bags. Standard colonies counts were performed on anaerobic ocular bacterial isolates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (anaerobic bags) using agar media: 1) OXY (aerobic only), 2) 5% sheep blood (SB), 3) Chocolate, and 4) Schaedler. The bacteria tested were de-identified ocular isolates cultured from endophthalmitis and dacryocystitis that include 10 Propionibacterium acnes and 3 Actinomyces species. The colony counts for each bacteria isolate, on each culturing condition, were ranked from largest to smallest, and non-parametrically compared to determine the best culturing condition.RESULTS: All anaerobic conditions were positive for all of the anaerobic isolates. SB and Schaedler’s agar under aerobic conditions did not support the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Sparse growth was noted on chocolate agar with Propionibacterium acnes . As an anaerobic system, SB in an anaerobic bag isolated higher colony counts than OXY (P=0.0028) and chocolate agar (P=0.0028).CONCLUSION: Although OXY did not test to be more efficient than other anaerobic systems, it appears to be a reasonable alternative for isolating anaerobic bacteria from ocular sites. The use of an agar medium in a specially designed plate, without the requirement of an anaerobic bag, rendered OXY as an advantage over other anaerobic systems.

Distribution of secretory inhibitor of platelet microbicidal protein among anaerobic bacteria isolated from stool of children with diarrhea

AIM： To study the secretory inhibitor of platelet microbicidal protein （SIPMP） phenotypes of faecal anaerobic isolates from patients with diarrhea.METHODS： Faecal isolates of anaerobic bacteria （B. fragilis, n = 42; B. longum, n = 70; A. israelii, n = 21; E. lentum, n = 12） from children with diarrhea were tested. SIPMP production was tested by inhibition of platelet microbicidal protein （PMP） bioactivity against B. subtilis and was expressed as percentage of inhibition of PMP bactericidal activity.RESULTS： Among anaerobic isolates 80% of B. longum strains, 85.7% of A. israeli/strains, 50% of E. lentum strains and 92.86% of B. fragilis strains were SIPMP-positive. The isolated anaerobic organisms demonstrated SIPMP production at a mean level of 13.8% ± 0.7%, 14.7% ± 1.8%, 3.9% ± 0.9% （P 〈 0.05） and 26.8% ± 7.5% （P 〈 0.05） for bifidobacteria, A. israelii, E. lentum and B. fragilis, respectively.CONCLUSION： Data from the present study may have significant implications in understanding the pathogenesis of microecological disorders in the intestine, as well as for future improvement in the prevention and therapy of anaerobe-associated infections.

The Influence of Anaerobic Bacteria on Human Urinary System

The anaerobic bacteria can cause infections in different parts of the body, including appendicitis, cholecystitis, otitis media, oral infections, endocarditis, endometritis, brain abscess, myocardial necrosis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, empyema, salpingitis, septic arthritis, liver abscess, sinusitis, intestinal surgery or post-traumatic wound infections, and bacteremia, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. This paper analyzes the experimental method of anaerobic bacteria to human urinary system through the influence of literature.

Annual change of the number of anaerobic sulf ite reducing bacteria in sediment of the Daya Bay

<Abstrat>The surface sediment samples were collected month by month at nine stations in the Daya Bay from January to December 1987, and the number of anaerobic sulfite reducing bacteria and their spores and the regularity of seasonal change were determined. The effect of environmental factors, water temperature and the resoluble oxygen concentration in the bottom of seawater on the number of them were discussed. The results show that the number of anaerobic su|fite reducing bacteria were low in sediment of the Daya Bay, indicating that the hay was less contaminated.

Enrichment culture of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) bacteria

The present study investigates the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)bacteria in the marine environment using sediment samples obtained from the East China Sea and discusses the nitrogen removal efficiency of marine anammox bioreactor.Enrichment of anammox bacteria with simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonium ions was observed in the Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor under a total nitrogen loading rate of 0.37kg-N m-3day-1.In this study,The nitrogen removal efficiency was up to 80%and the molar-reaction ratio of ammonium,nitrite and nitrate was 1.0:1.22:0.22 which was a little different from a previously reported ratio of 1.0:1.32:0.26 in a freshwater system.

Denitrifying phosphorous removal in anaerobic/anoxic SBR system with different startup operation mode

To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.

Review:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest. The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists. Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters. Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control. Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future. This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.

Degradation Performance and Biodiversity of an Anaerobic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Microbial Community

Polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that is hard to biodegrade. PVA-degrading microorganisms were previously reported as unitary bacteria and most of them have been identified as aerobes. In this work,a microbial community was cultured anaerobically and its degradation performance and biodiversity were analyzed. The microbial community was cultured for more than 40 d,which represents a highly efficient degradation performance with a chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 88. 48%. Operational taxonomic unit-based analysis of the sequences revealed a highly diverse community in the reactor. To note,metagenome 16s rDNA sequencing delineated 19 phyla and 41 classes. Specifically, proteobacteria, chlamydiae, bacteroidetes,firmicutes,and planctomycetes play key roles in the biodegradation processes. Moreover,the betaproteobacteria class belonging to the proteobacteria phylum was the predominant bacterial members in this community. Our results demonstrated that anaerobic treatment of PVA wastewater is feasible and confers degradation by a highly diverse microbial community.

Production of Phosphate-Rich Biofertiliser Using Vermicompost and Anaerobic Digestor Sludge—A Case Study

This paper presents the technology and cost effectiveness of production of phosphate rich biofertiliser (called PROM) by bioconversion of phosphate rock ore into soluble phosphates (that are directly assimilable by plants) in presence of an organic manure such as Vermicompost or anaerobic digestor sludge (discharged from biogas manufacturing units) and using a microbial culture of Bacillus megatherium var phosphaticum. PROM has been found to be an excellent, less expensive, substitute to synthetic phosphatic fertilisers such as SSP, MAP and DAP. This is based on real—life field trials. It is also possible to integrate the production of PROM, with biogas generation and the layout of such a more profitable, integrated scheme is also presented in this paper.

一种新型厌氧菌培养装置的设计及其应用

设计了一种低成本进行厌氧菌培养的装置.装置以装有氧气检测仪及酵母菌培养液的玻璃真空干燥器为主体,通过真空泵抽真空及酵母菌的呼吸作用消耗氧气形成无氧环境,利用厌氧菌固体平板培养及液体培养等实验检测了装置的实用性.结果表明:该装置可满足厌氧菌生长的环境要求,能够用于厌氧微生物的培养并进行观测;同时该装置具有成本低、使用便捷、安全环保的特点,可应用于厌氧菌的相关研究及教学活动中.

垃圾发电厂渗滤液厌氧反应器启动污泥适应性研究

适合的厌氧污泥可有效缩短厌氧反应器启动时间。为揭示不同来源厌氧污泥对垃圾发电厂渗滤液的适应性,通过间歇培养方式考察了5种厌氧污泥对两种不同来源垃圾渗滤液的处理性能,并通过Illumina Miseq测序从污泥群落组成角度揭示不同厌氧污泥主要功能差异性。结果表明:对于COD高达30000 mg/L的渗滤液,接种造纸厂厌氧污泥(ZZC污泥),COD去除率在36 h达到72.3%,污泥负荷(单位质量MLVSS的COD负荷)达到10.2 kg/(kg·d);对于COD为25000 mg/L的渗滤液,接种ZZC污泥COD去除率36 h达到75.8%,污泥负荷达到10.1 kg/(kg·d)。当进水COD为30000 mg/L时,ZZC污泥对东部(DB)和南部(NB)厂区渗滤液的处理效果均较好,农加工污泥(NJG污泥)对DB厂区渗滤液的处理效果最好,养殖厂污泥(YZC污泥)对NB厂区渗滤液的处理效果最好。使用ZZC污泥进行两厂区厌氧反应器的快速启动,可以有效提高厌氧反应器的甲烷产量。

临床感染标本厌氧菌质谱鉴定及临床特征

目的探讨我院厌氧菌感染的种属分布、耐药性和临床特征,为临床治疗提供参考。方法收集2020年1月至2023年6月从临床感染标本中分离的非重复感染部位、非重复株厌氧菌菌株248株。采用MALDI-TOF MS技术鉴定厌氧菌种属,采用天地人微生物检测系统进行药敏试验和β-内酰胺酶实验,并进行临床分析。结果共分离248株厌氧菌,分属13个属,以拟杆菌属(44.4%)、普雷沃菌属(16.1%)和消化链球菌属(15.3%)为主。拟杆菌属中脆弱拟杆菌(74.5%)最多,主要来自分泌物、脓液和静脉血。脆弱拟杆菌对甲硝唑、氯霉素、头孢西丁、头孢三代药物、碳青霉烯类药物和β-内酰胺类复合药药物的敏感率均>85%。青霉素、氨苄西林耐药率为100%。对四环素和克林霉素耐药率>50%。β-内酰胺酶阳性率100%。结论厌氧菌是重要的感染病原体,其耐药性明显增加。实验室应加强对厌氧菌的鉴定和药敏试验指导临床合理用药,提高治疗效果。

好氧-厌氧耦合法处理奶牛场污水工艺分析

【目的】筛选降解奶牛场粪污水的微生物,为奶牛场粪污处理提供科学依据。【方法】选择可用于降解污水的微生物菌株,测定微生物处理奶牛场粪污水后的化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD_(5))、总磷(TP)和pH的数值。【结果】从具有降解污水功能的微生物中,筛选出降解效果较好的3株好氧微生物,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌;3株厌氧微生物,分别为沼泽红假单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、沙雷氏菌;将6种好氧-厌氧菌耦合处理降解奶牛场粪污水,其降解效率均有不同程度的提升,好氧-厌氧耦合法处理奶牛场粪污水的工艺参数为菌种接种量5%、曝气量0.05 m^(3)/h(每隔10 h曝气2 h)、温度30℃、处理时间96 h。【结论】奶牛场污水中COD去除率为91.38%、BOD_(5)去除率为96.82%、TP去除率为82.6%,出水pH值为7.2~7.6,符合国家农田灌溉水标准。

无机氮和重金属对渤海不同区域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化菌的影响差异

厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)是驱动厌氧氨氧化过程、去除海洋沉积物中氮元素的重要引擎。为分析无机氮和重金属对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,以渤海沉积物中厌氧氨氧化菌为研究对象,采用Illumina高通量测序技术和实时荧光定量PCR技术对渤海13个站位表层沉积物中AMX16S rDNA基因进行检测,分析其群落结构以及重金属含量对群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,渤海沉积物中厌氧氨氧化菌类群可归为14门、8纲、9目、5科、8属、26种,其中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)在渤海沉积物中占主导地位,且在中部区域丰度最高;相对丰度最高的属为Candidatus Scalindua。沉积物中重金属Hg在南部区域浓度最高。随机森林分析结果显示,南部区域厌氧氨氧化菌群落结构变化可能与沉积物中的NH4+、Hg和Cr含量密切关联,在北部区域可能与Pb含量密切相关,而在中部区域可能与NO2-含量密切相关。AMX16S rDNA丰度与重金属Cr和Cu、总氮以及沉积物粒度显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,渤海具有丰富的微生物资源和厌氧氨氧化菌,具有代谢多种污染物的潜力。研究结果为认识近海污染对微生物的地理分布格局、群落生态位分化提供了依据。

改性载体厌氧氨氧化生物膜在浅层地下水修复中脱氮效能的模拟研究

为探究厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)在模拟地下水环境条件下脱氮性能的研究,以人工配水为进水,采用可渗透反应墙(PRB)作为模拟装置,使用纳米零价铁(nZVI)改性生物炭(BC)(nZVI@BC)厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)生物膜作为填料,设置装置模拟温度从高温(33℃)降至实验室室温(21℃)的过程,探究降温过程中AnAOB生物膜填料对PRB装置脱氮性能的影响。结果表明:①PRB装置经过71 d的模拟运行,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜的PRB装置总氮(TIN)去除率达到82%,明显优于空白组(59.27%),且AnAOB生物膜脱氮贡献率占22.73%。②随着温度的变化,AnAOB生物膜的红色逐渐变淡,且生物膜污泥逐渐流失。③微生物群落结构表明,微生物多样性下降,优势物种在富集。从门水平上看,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度提升,逐步成为优势菌门,而浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度则降低。从属水平上来看,AnAOB优势属Candidatus Brocadia的相对丰度逐步提升,Candidatus Kuenenia的相对丰度则降低。研究显示,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜填料组成的生物膜微生物系统在PRB装置降温过程中维持稳定,同时AnAOB生物膜群落结构随降温过程的变化而变化,以应对降温过程中带来的不利影响。

硫酸盐对厌氧消化的影响及强化工艺研究进展

含硫化合物作为工业生产中的常见原料,在医药化工、食品加工等行业中被广泛利用,这也导致了相关行业生产废水中高硫酸盐的水质特点。废水中的硫酸盐成分,会对厌氧生物处理效能产生一定的抑制,同时也会造成设备和管道的腐蚀损耗。研究通过总结厌氧系统中硫酸盐生物还原机理、利用碳源种类以及硫酸盐还原菌与产甲烷菌的竞争影响机制,揭示硫酸盐对厌氧消化性能的影响。并针对高含硫酸盐废水厌氧处理的关键点,进一步介绍目前主流的处理工艺和硫酸盐厌氧抑制的缓解手段,结合相关工艺运行特点,分析不同处理工艺优缺点,为高含硫酸盐废水厌氧处理工艺选择提供参考。

有机物对ANAMMOX性能及微生物影响的研究进展

厌氧氨氧化工艺(ANAMMOX)是高效低耗的可持续生物脱氮技术,但厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)世代周期长、对环境因子敏感,有机物作为污水中最常见的物质,对ANAMMOX脱氮有较为复杂的影响。综述了有机物类型、有机物浓度对ANAMMOX脱氮性能及对功能微生物的影响并探讨了原因。有机物分子质量越小、结构越简单,对厌氧氨氧化细菌的影响越显著。在低有机物浓度条件下,AnAOB具有利用简单有机物的多样代谢途径。适当的C/N可促进反硝化菌与AnAOB协同共生,在一定程度上促进AnAOB生长。高浓度有机物易导致反硝化菌占优势,与AnAOB竞争基质,甚至会改变AnAOB正常的代谢途径。醇类对AnAOB有较强的不可逆抑制作用,抗生素和酚类的抑制效果往往是可逆的。Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Jettenia对有机物具有相对较好的适应性。理解有机物对AnAOB的影响,可为ANAMMOX的工艺设计和工程应用提供重要参考。

改性剂添加量对改性微米铁-微生物耦合体系去除三氯乙烯效能的影响

基于球磨法的硫化与碳改性是提高微米零价铁(Micron zero-valent iron,mZVI)对三氯乙烯(Trichloroethylene,TCE)还原选择性的有效手段,但其改性效果常受改性剂添加量的影响,且其对改性mZVI和微生物耦合体系修复效能的影响尚未明确。本文通过构建多个硫化mZVI-微生物体系(S-mZVI bm/AB)和碳改性mZVI-微生物体系(C-mZVI bm/AB),系统研究改性剂添加量对改性mZVI-微生物耦合体系去除TCE和代表性共存电子受体NO_(3)^(-)的影响。实验结果表明:不同改性剂添加量的S-mZVI bm/AB和C-mZVI bm/AB体系均可显著促进TCE的去除,且促进程度随改性剂添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势;S-mZVI bm/AB体系可抑制NO_(3)^(-)的去除,且抑制程度随S/Fe摩尔比的增加呈现上升趋势,而C/Fe质量比不会影响C-mZVI bm/AB体系中NO_(3)^(-)的去除;S-mZVI bm/AB和C-mZVI bm/AB体系均可调控TCE及NO-3的产物构成,并均促进了饱和碳烃化合物及N_(2)生成,且该促进作用与改性剂添加量成正比。通过分析微生物群落结构探究了耦合体系脱氯及其脱氮的影响机制,发现在S-mZVI bm/AB和C-mZVI bm/AB体系中均存在大量参与脱氯和反硝化的细菌,反硝化菌的丰度高于脱氯菌,是NO_(3)^(-)快速去除和较高浓度N 2产生的原因。