Botulinum toxin associated with fissurectomy and anoplasty for hypertonic chronic anal fissure: A case-control study

BACKGROUND Lateral internal sphincterotomy is still the approach of choice for the treatment of chronic anal fissure(CAF)with internal anal sphincter(IAS)hypertonia,but it is burdened by high-risk postoperative faecal incontinence(FI).Sphincter saving procedures have recently been reconsidered as treatments to overcome this risk.The most employed procedure is fissurectomy with anoplasty,eventually associated with pharmacological sphincterotomy.AIM To evaluate whether fissurectomy and anoplasty with botulinum toxin injection improves the results of fissurectomy and anoplasty alone.METHODS We conducted a case-control study involving 30 male patients affected by CAF with hypertonic IAS who underwent fissurectomy and anoplasty with V-Y cutaneous flap advancement.The patients were divided into two groups:Those in group I underwent surgery alone,and those in group II underwent surgery and a botulinum toxin injection directly into the IAS.They were followed up for at least 2 years.The goals were to achieve complete healing of the patient and to assess the FI and recurrence rate along with manometry parameters.RESULTS The intensity and duration of post-defecatory pain decreased significantly in both groups of patients starting with the first defecation,and this reduction was higher in group II.Forty days after surgery,we achieved complete wound healing in all the patients in group II but only in 80%of the patients in group I(P<0.032).We recorded 2 cases of recurrence,one in each group,and both healed with conservative therapy.We recorded one temporary and low-grade postoperative case of“de novo”FI.Manometry parameters reverted to the normal range earlier for group II patients.CONCLUSION The injection of botulinum toxin A in association with fissurectomy and anoplasty with a V-Y advancement flap improves the results of surgery alone in patients affected by CAF with IAS hypertonia.

Quality of life in patients with chronic anal fissure after topical treatment with diltiazem

AIM: To assess the physical and mental health of fissure patients before and after topical treatment with diltiazem. METHODS: Consecutive patients were enrolled prospectively into the study. Quality of life was measured with the short-forum 36 health survey (SF-36) before and after 6-wk treatment with diltiazem. Patients scored symptoms of pain, bleeding, and irritation using numeral rating scales at the initial and follow-up visits. Fissure healing was assessed and side effects were noted. RESULTS: Fissures healed in 21 of 30 (70%) patients. There were significant reductions in the scores of pain, bleeding, and irritation after 1 wk of treatment, respectively. Four patients experienced perianal itching and one patient reported headache. When measured at baseline, pain and irritation showed a negative impact on two of the eight subscales on the SF-36, respectively (bodily pain and social functioning for pain; vitality and mental health for irritation). Repeating the SF-36 showed an improvement in bodily pain (P = 0.001). Patients whose fissures healed reported an improvement in bodily pain, health-perception, vitality, and mental health (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Successful treatment of chronic anal fissure with topical diltiazem leads to improvement in health-related quality of life.

Aggressive treatment of acute anal fissure with 0.5% nifedipine ointment prevents its evolution to chronicity

AIM： To investigate the efficacy of topical application of 0.5% nifedipine ointment in healing acute anal tissue and preventing its progress to chronicity. METHODS： Thirty-one patients （10 males, 21 females） with acute anal fissure from September 1999 to January 2005 were treated topically with 0.5% nifedipine ointment （t.i.d.） for 8 wk. The patients were encouraged to follow a high-fiber diet and assessed at 2, 4 and 8 wk post-treatment. The healing of fissure and any side effects were recorded. The patients were subsequently followed up in the outpatient clinic for one year and contacted by phone every three months thereafter, while they were encouraged to come back if symptoms recurred. RESULTS： Twenty-seven of the 31 patients completed the 8-wk treatment course, of them 23 （85.2%） achieved a complete remission indicated by resolution of symptoms and healing of fissure. Of the remaining four unhealed patients （14.8%）, 2 opted to undergo lateral sphincterotomy and the other 2 to continue therapy for four additional weeks, resulting in healing of fissure. All the 25 patients with complete remission had a mean follow-up of 22.9 ± 14 （range 6-52） too. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in four of these 25 patients （16%） who were successfully treated with an additional 4-wk course of 0.5% nifedipine ointment. Two of the 27 （7.4%） patients who completed the 8-wk treatment presented with moderate headache as a side effect of nifedipine. CONCLUSION： Topical 0.5% nifedipine ointment, used as an agent in chemical sphincterotomy, appears to offer a significant healing rate for acute anal fissure and might prevent its evolution to chronicity.

Identifying the best therapy for chronic anal fissure

Chronic anal fissure(CAF)is a painful tear or crack which occurs in the anoderm.The optimal algorithm of therapy for CAF is still debated.Lateral internal sphincterotomy(LIS)is a surgical treatment,considered as the'gold standard'therapy for CAF.It relieves CAF symptoms with a high rate of healing.Chemical sphincterotomy(CS)with nitrates,calcium blockers or botulinum toxin(BTX)is safe,with the rapid relief of pain,mild sideeffects and no risk of surgery or anesthesia,but is a statistically less effective therapy for CAF than LIS.This article considers if aggressive treatment should only be offered to patients who fail pharmacological sphincterotomy.Aspects of anal fissure etiology,epidemiology and pathophysiology are considered with their meaning for further management of CAF.A molecular model of chemical interdependence significant for the chemistry of CAF healing is examined.Its application may influence the development of optimal therapy for CAF.BTX is currently considered the most effective type of CS and discussion in this article scrutinizes this method specifically.Although the effectiveness of BTXvs LIS has been discussed,the essential focus of the article concerns identifying the best therapy application for anal fissure.Elements are presented which may help us to predict CAF healing.They provide rationale for the expansion of the CAF therapy algorithm.Ethical and economic factors are also considered in brief.As long as the patient is willing to accept the potential risk of fecal incontinence,we have grounds for the'gold standard'(LIS)as the first-line treatment for CAF.The author concludes that,when the diagnosis of the anal fissure is established,CS should be considered for both ethical and economic reasons.He is convinced that a greater understanding and recognition of benign anal disorders by the GP and a proactive involvement at the point of initial diagnosis would facilitate the consideration of CS at an earlier,more practical stage with improved outcomes for the patient.

Innovations in chronic anal fissure treatment:A systematic review

A chronic anal fissure is a common perianal condition.This review aims to evaluate both existing and new therapies in the treatment of chronic fissures.Pharmacological therapies such as glyceryl trinitrate(GTN),Diltiazem ointment and Botulinum toxin provide a relatively non-invasive option,but with higher recurrence rates.Lateral sphincterotomy remains the gold standard for treatment.Anal dilatation has no role in treatment.New therapies include perineal support devices,Gonyautoxin injection,fissurectomy,fissurotomy,sphincterolysis,and flap procedures.Further research is required comparing these new therapies with existing established therapies.This paper recommends initial pharmacological therapy with GTN or Diltiazem ointment with Botulinum toxin as a possible second line pharmacological therapy.Perineal support may offer a new dimension in improving healing rates.Lateral sphincterotomy should be offered if pharmacological therapy fails.New therapies are not suitable as first line treatments,though they can be considered if conventional treatment fails.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF ANAL FISSURE BY APPLYING SPHINCTEROTOMY WITH ACUPOTOM

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect and features of acupotomy in the treatment of anal fissure. Methods: Seventy-six cases with anal fissure were randomly divided into two groups, namely, acupotomy group in which 37 patients were treated by anal internal sphincterotomy with acupotomy, and conventional anal sphincterotomy group (conventional group, n=39) that was treated by conventional amputation of the anal sphincter. Results: After treatment, twenty-six over 37 cases in acupotomy group recovered completely and the other 9 cases were improved clinically, with the total effective rate being 94.59%. In conventional group, 27 over 39 cases recovered completely and the other 11 cases were improved clinically. The total effective rate was 97.44%. There was no significant difference in the curative rate between two groups. However, compared with those of conventional group, patients in acupotomy group had significantly less bleeding, earlier healing of fissure and less pain. Conclusion: The results suggest that acupotomy treatment of anal fissure with anal sphincterotomy is a better therapeutic technique with advantages of easier manipulation, earlier healing and milder wound, less infectious complications and pain.

Comparative analysis of Parikartika and Anal Fissure: unraveling diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical dimensions

Background:Agnimandya,the underlying cause of anorectal disorders,of which Parikartika is the most well-known,is brought on by lifestyles characterized by sedentary behavior,elevated stress,poor nutrition,and sleep habits.The illness known as Parikartika,with signs and symptoms like fissure-in-ano in modern sources,is characterized by kartanvat Vedana(cutting pain)over the anal region.Acute fissure-in-ano is treated with analgesics,stool softeners,and soothing creams.Treatment options for hazy chronic fissures include anal dilatation,sphincterotomy,fissurectomy,and anal advancement flap.In addition to using laxatives and substances that promote wound healing(vranaropaka),the concepts of management of Parikartika in Ayurveda are more heavily weighted towards enhancing the nature,character,and consistency of stool and stabilizing the digestive functions Parikartika is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts as a complication of many Ayurvedic procedures,such as Vamana,Virechana,and Basti,as well as a complication of some disorders,such as Arsh,Atisar,and Grahani.Aim and objective:This article aims to comprehensively review the literature,diagnostic,and therapeutic aspects of Parikartika,with its correlation to Fissure in ano,and compare the clinical outcomes of the treatment modalities with supporting references,consolidating all pertinent information on the subject.Material&method:Collection from Samhita’s,commentaries,exploring medical websites,Ayurvedic journals related to the topic of Parikartika and fissure in ano,systematic record of the collected literature and a summary of each item.Organize the collected materials,reference and citation are the material and method followed here.Discussion&conclusion:This is an extensive literature review on Parikartika in Ayurveda,exploring its contemporary association with Fissure in Ano.The research offers insights that can inform the evaluation and treatment of this condition,considering both conservative and surgical approaches,thereby enhancing clinical management strategies.

Role of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound in assessing the anal sphincter morphology of female patients with chronic proctalgia

AIM To assess the role of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) for morphological assessment of the anal sphincter of female patients with chronic proctalgia (CP). METHODS In this unmatched case control study, 30 consecutive female patients with CP and 25 normal women (control group) were enrolled. 3D-EAUS was performed in all subjects. Thickness and length of internal anal sphincter (IAS), thickness of puborectalis muscle (PR), length of the external anal sphincter (EAS) plus PR, and puborectalis angle were measured and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Patients with CP had significantly shorter IAS length and greater PR thickness, as compared to those in normal individuals (26.28 +/- 3.59 mm vs 28.87 +/- 4.84 mm, P < 0.05 and 9.67 +/- 1.57 mm vs 8.85 +/- 0.97 mm, P < 0.05, respectively). No significant between-group differences were observed with respect to IAS thickness and the EAS plus PR length (P > 0.05). Puborectalis angle in the CP group was significantly decreased, both in resting (88.23 degrees +/- 1.81 degrees vs 89.94 degrees +/- 2.07 degrees in control group, P < 0.05) and straining (88.47 degrees +/- 3.32 degrees vs 90.72 degrees +/- 1.87 degrees in control group, P < 0.05) phases, which suggest the presence of paradoxical contraction of PR in patients with CP. In the CP group, no significant difference in puborectalis angle was observed between the resting and straining phases (88.23 degrees +/- 1.81 degrees vs 88.47 degrees +/- 3.32 degrees respectively, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The association of greater PR thickness and paradoxical contraction of PR with CP suggest their potential value as markers of CP.

Quality of compounded topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride formulations for anal fissure

AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.

Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps,should they be removed during anal fissure surgery?

AIM:Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are not given due importance in the proctology practice. They are mostly ignored being considered as normal structures.The present study was aimed to demonstrate that hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps could cause symptoms to the patients and that they should be removed in treatment of patients with chronic fissure in anus. METHODS:Two groups of patients were studied.A hundred patients were studied in group A in which the associated fibrous polyp or papillae were removed by radio frequency surgical device after a lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for relieving the sphincter spasm.Another group of a hundred patients who also had papillae or fibrous polyps,were treated by lateral sphincterotomy alone.They were followed up for one year. RESULTS:Eighty-nine percent patients from group A expressed their satisfaction with the treatment in comparison to only 64% from group B who underwent sphincterotomy alone with the papillae or anal polyps left untreated.Group A patients showed a marked reduction with regard to pain and irritation during defecation (P=0.0011), pricking or foreign body sensation in the anus (P=0.0006) and pruritus or wetness around the anal verge (P=0.0008). CONCLUSION:Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps should be removed during treatment of chronic anal fissure.This would add to effectiveness and completeness of the procedure.

Anal Pathologies: What Management at the Reference Health Center of Bamako’s Commune V?

Anal pathologies are conditions affecting the anal margin and the anal canal. The aim of our study was to update data on anal diseases. Non-specific, it can reveal an emergency, a serious illness, a chronic disease or a benign condition. It was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study from April 2022 to March 2023, carried out in the hepato-gastroenterology unit of the Centre de Santé de Référence de la commune V du District de Bamako in Mali. Out of seven hundred and forty-nine (749) patients seen in consultation, 98 had anal pathology, i.e. a prevalence of 13.08%. The mean age was 40 ± 15.15 years and the sex ratio was 1.5. Hemorrhoidal disease and anal fissure were the most frequent pathologies in 66.4% and 24.4% of cases respectively. Medical treatment was initiated in 91.9% of patients with hemorrhoidal disease and 91.7% with anal fissure. Anal pathologies are common in young male patients. In our context, they are dominated by benign conditions.

Clinical outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis in China

Background The incidence of chronic ulcerative colitis （CUC） in China is remarkably increasing, while little information on surgical treatment has been reported. This study aimed to completely describe and analyze the clinical outcome of restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis （IPAA）for CUC in China. Methods Ninety-five consecutive patients, who suffered CUC and had surgical indications, were carefully selected. All patients underwent IPAA. Data on patient characteristics, surgical indications, surgical details, postoperative complications, functional outcome, and quality of life were collected. Results The mean patient age at the time of the operation was 32 years. Twenty-nine （31%） patients underwent an emergency operation, and 66 （69%） underwent elective procedures. Four patients with severe dysplasia underwent operations, but no carcinoma was histologically confirmed. A two-stage operation was performed in 87 （92%） patients, and a hand-sewn technique was applied in 88 （93%） patients. Sixteen patients （17.0%） experienced early complications, and there was a significant difference between the emergency surgery group and the elective group （31.0% vs. 10.6%, respectively; P 〈0.01）. Five （5.3%） patients developed pouchitis as a late complication. The mean stool frequency after the operation was 4.6 （2-11） during the first 24 hours and 1.5 （0-4） overnight. According to the Kirwan grading scale, 87 （91.8%） patients showed satisfactory anal continence function. The quality of life improved significantly from a preoperative mean value of 0.28-0.61 before ileostomy closure to 0.78 after ileostomy closure （P 〈0.01） according to the Cleveland Global Quality of Life index. Conclusions IPAA is an effective and safe surgical procedure for patients with CUC in China. However, some characteristics, such as the low incidence of pouchitis, require further study.

Anal pruritus:Don’t look away

Anal pruritus is a common anorectal symptom that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life,including their mental health.It can be one of the most difficult proctological conditions to treat.Patients often delay seeking medical attention,since it is an embarrassing but non-life-threatening situation.Pruritus ani can be associated with idiopathic and secondary causes,such as anorectal diseases,cancer(anal or colorectal),dermatological and sexually transmitted diseases,fungal infections and systemic diseases.If patients are referred for a colonoscopy,this can sometimes provide the first opportunity to evaluate the perianal area.Classifications of anal pruritus are based on the abnormalities of the perianal skin,one of the most commonly used being the Washington classi-fication.A proper digital anorectal examination is important,as well as an anoscopy to help to exclude anorectal diseases or suspicious masses.Endoscopists should be aware of the common etiologies,and classification of the perianal area abnormalities should be provided in the colonoscopy report.Information on treatment possibilities and follow-up can also be provided.The treatment normally consists of a triple approach:proper hygiene,elimination of irritants,and skin care and protection.Several topical therapies have been described as possible treatments,including steroids,capsaicin,tacrolimus and methylene blue intradermal injections.

地奥司明片对改良肛裂切除术后患者的影响

目的:探讨地奥司明片对改良肛裂切除术后患者的影响。方法:选取2019年1—11月于北京市肛肠医院肛肠科治疗的改良肛裂切除术后患者84例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组采用头孢西丁钠、消毒创面等常规治疗,在此基础上,观察组采用地奥司明片治疗。比较两组临床疗效、疼痛及水肿评分、创面愈合指标、炎性因子水平。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007);观察组视觉模拟评分法、创面水肿评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组术后便血次数少于对照组,肉芽组织生长时间、创面愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);术后3d,两组白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、γ干扰素水平低于术前,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:地奥司明片可减轻改良肛裂切除术后患者疼痛、水肿症状,促进创面愈合,减轻炎性反应,临床疗效显著。

创面血管内皮生长因子、血管内皮生长因子受体2水平表达与Ⅱ期肛裂患者术后创面愈合时间的关系研究

目的探讨创面血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血管内皮生长因子受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)-2表达与Ⅱ期肛裂术后创面愈合时间的关系。方法选取在我院进行手术治疗的Ⅱ期肛裂患者104例为研究对象。术后1周换药时采集创缘肉芽组织检测VEGF、VEGFR-2水平。统计患者术后创面愈合时间,根据患者术后创面愈合时间三分位数分3组,对比3组临床资料及创面VEGF、VEGFR-2水平。分析VEGF、VEGFR-2与术后创面愈合时间的相关性及术后创面愈合时间的影响因素。结果3组创面VEGF及VEGFR-2水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);创面VEGF、VEGFR-2水平愈低,其创面愈合时间愈长(P<0.05);VEGF、VEGFR-2与术后创面愈合时间呈负相关(P<0.05);便秘、手术时间、开放切口、创面纵径、创面横径为术后创面愈合时间的独立危险因素,VEGF、VEGFR-2均术后创面愈合时间的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论创面VEGF、VEGFR-2水平与Ⅱ期肛裂术后创面愈合时间呈负相关,可通过检测两指标水平判断患者创面愈合情况,为术后治疗方案的完善提供指导。

颊针治疗肛裂术后疼痛疗效观察

目的:研究颊针疗法对于缓解肛裂术后患者疼痛的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年3月至2022年9月期间在本院并行肛裂手术治疗的患者70例,随机分为对照组35例和观察组35例。对照组予以双氯芬酸钾分散片口服镇痛,观察组予以颊针针刺镇痛,对比两组患者治疗前后的疼痛程度、生活质量评分、疼痛的发作频次以及术后尿潴留和便秘发生率,以观察临床疗效。结果:治疗后观察组术后疼痛VAS评分、生活质量评分、疼痛的发作频次均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后尿潴留和便秘发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:颊针治疗对于缓解肛裂术后患者疼痛、降低疼痛的发作频次具有显著效果,并可以改善患者的生活质量、降低术后尿潴留和便秘的发生率,值得临床应用推广。

肛门内括约肌单侧部分切断术联合中药熏洗治疗肛裂的效果研究

目的探讨肛门内括约肌单侧部分切断术联合加味苦参汤中药熏洗治疗肛裂的临床效果。方法87例肛裂患者,根据治疗方式不同分为对照组(43例)和观察组(44例)。对照组单纯采用肛门内括约肌单侧部分切断术治疗,观察组采用肛门内括约肌部分切断术联合加味苦参汤中药熏洗治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果、创面愈合情况(创面缩小率、细菌清除率、肉芽组织覆盖率以及肉芽组织生长厚度)、并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者总有效率93.18%高于对照组的76.74%,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者创面缩小率(82.24±9.26)%、细菌清除率(85.12±9.12)%、肉芽组织覆盖率(73.12±6.45)%以及肉芽组织生长厚度(5.37±1.25)mm均高于对照组的(64.34±6.98)%、(77.95±8.44)%、(51.76±5.52)%、(3.23±0.95)mm,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率4.55%低于对照组的18.60%,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比于单纯手术治疗,采用肛门内括约肌单侧部分切断术结合加味苦参汤中药熏洗治疗肛裂患者在临床效果、创面愈合情况及并发症发生率方面均有显著优势,这也提示了加味苦参汤术后熏洗肛裂具有优势,是一种值得临床推广的治疗方案。

肛裂切除加肛门内括约肌切开术治疗肛裂患者的临床效果研究

目的 在肛裂患者手术治疗中,采用肛裂切除加肛门内括约肌切开术治疗,分析其临床效果。方法 选取45例肛裂手术治疗患者作为研究对象,所有患者均展开肛裂切除加肛门内括约肌切开术。比较患者手术前后的临床相关指标(疼痛评分、肿胀评分)、炎性因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、 γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平、生活质量评分。结果 患者手术后疼痛评分(3.32±1.13)分、肿胀评分(1.23±0.21)分均低于手术前的(5.48±1.14)、(2.87±0.23)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者手术后的hs-CRP(9.62±1.53)mg/L、TNF-α(30.23±3.57)pg/ml、IL-6(66.35±5.08)ng/L、IL-8(32.74±3.17)ng/L、IFN-γ(54.78±2.01)pg/ml均低于手术前的(16.25±2.04)mg/L、(40.15±4.09)pg/ml、(83.37±8.38)ng/L、(45.58±3.45)ng/L、(63.43±3.15)pg/ml,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者手术后的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活评分分别为(78.84±2.78)、(77.27±2.23)、(78.83±2.77)、(77.32±2.26)分,均高于手术前的(72.13±2.07)、(71.19±2.28)、(73.19±2.56)、(72.47±2.59)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在肛裂患者手术治疗中,采用肛裂切除加肛门内括约肌切开术治疗,能减轻术后疼痛及患处肿胀,减轻体内炎性反应,提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广。

参柏九味镇痛膏治疗陈旧性肛裂术后疼痛临床观察

目的观察参柏九味镇痛膏治疗陈旧性肛裂患者术后疼痛的临床疗效。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月宁夏中医医院暨中医研究院收治的陈旧性肛裂患者60例,按随机数字表法将其分为试验组(30例)和对照组(30例)。2组均行肛裂切除术治疗,术后试验组给予参柏九味镇痛膏外涂,对照组给予凡士林油纱条外敷,均连续治疗7 d。统计2组治疗后疼痛缓解程度;比较2组患者术后第3、5、7天便时疼痛积分及便后疼痛缓解时间。结果试验组临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后第3、5、7天,试验组便时疼痛积分低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组便后疼痛缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论参柏九味镇痛膏可显著缓解肛裂患者术后疼痛,值得临床推广应用。

苏云教授从“燥-津-阴-虚”病理网络论治血热肠燥型肛裂的理论与实践

肛裂是指肛管皮肤全层呈放射状纵行裂开并在局部形成感染性溃疡的一种肛周疾病,其临床特点为可因排便引起肛门周期性疼痛、便血以及便秘等。中医学对“肛裂”没有明确记载,但有“裂肛痔”“脉痔”等名称记录,目前临床根据病因病机对其采取不同的证候分型。其中,在血热肠燥型肛裂发病机制的探讨中,苏云教授创新性提出“燥-津-阴-虚”病理网络,并从此论治,认为此病发病与“脾-胃”“肺-大肠”这两对表里脏腑有密切关系,是燥热阴虚所致疾病。具体来说,饮食不节等导致患者脾胃气血燥热,热邪顺血脉下传至肠道,煎灼肠内阴津而使燥屎内结,循行全身,炙烤娇脏则使肺津亏耗,加之脾胃燥热阴亏,脾土无以滋润肺金,又因肺主皮毛且与大肠相表里,遂肺津枯竭且生化乏源,导致肠道肌肤驰张失利,故燥屎下排费力,努挣时易发为肛裂,外邪趁机侵袭则发而为患。在临床诊治过程中,苏师遵循“调整阴阳,标本同治”的治疗原则,从脏腑阴阳生理功能及其相互联系的角度出发,注重调节“脾-胃”“肺-大肠”两对脏腑之阴,创新性提出“清热滋阴,润燥养津”的治疗方法,并自拟“润燥去裂汤”以治之,临床应用效果颇佳。研究结合一则医案,从此病的病因病机、治则治法、对症用药等方面阐述苏教授治疗血热肠燥型肛裂的理论与实践,吾辈见贤思齐,共学习之。