Prussian Blue Analogue‑Templated Nanocomposites for Alkali‑Ion Batteries:Progress and Perspective

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion batteries(AIBs)including sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Owing to larger ion sizes of Na^(+)and K^(+)compared with Li^(+),nanocomposites with excellent crystallinity orientation and well-developed porosity show unprecedented potential for advanced lithium/sodium/potassium storage.With enticing open rigid framework structures,Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)remain promising self-sacrificial templates for the preparation of various nanocomposites,whose appeal originates from the well-retained porous structures and exceptional electrochemical activities after thermal decomposition.This review focuses on the recent progress of PBA-derived nanocomposites from their fabrication,lithium/sodium/potassium storage mechanism,and applications in AIBs(LIBs,SIBs,and PIBs).To distinguish various PBA derivatives,the working mechanism and applications of PBA-templated metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,metal phosphides,and other nanocomposites are systematically evaluated,facilitating the establishment of a structure–activity correlation for these materials.Based on the fruitful achievements of PBA-derived nanocomposites,perspectives for their future development are envisioned,aiming to narrow down the gap between laboratory study and industrial reality.

A chlorinated polymer promoted analogue co-donors for efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells

The efficient ternary all-polymer solar cells(PSCs) are designed and fabricated, using a polymer acceptor of NDP-V-C7 and analogue co-donors containing a chlorinated polymer PBCl T and classical PTB7-Th. PBCl T and PTB7-Th possess very similar chemical structure and matched energy levels to form the cascade of the co-donors. Meanwhile, benefiting from those analogous polymer structures, there is little influence of the morphology in blend film compared to their pristine polymer films. The binary PBCl T:NDP-V-C7 devices exhibit a high open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) due to the deep HOMO level of PBCl T. The V_(oc)of all-PSCs could be finely manipulated by adjusting the content of PBCl T in blend film. The ternary all-PSCs have the more balanced charge mobility and prolonged carrier lifetime compared to the binary devices. The PBCl T also help improve the miscibility of ternary blend and suppress crystallization in films, bringing about favorable morphology with appropriate orientation and surface roughness in blend film. With the optimal processing, the champion ternary all-PSCs obtain a high PCE of 9.03%, which is about 10% enhancement compared to that of binary device. The results indicate that the ternary approach using analogue co-donors is a practical method to enhance the performance of all-PSCs.

A novel ABA structural analogues enhanced plant resistance by inducing the plant immunity and inactivating ABA signaling pathway

Abscisic acid(ABA)is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth,but also mediating the stress response.The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted.Recently,the ABA functional analogues are of great significance to promote its application.Here,we reported an ABA functional analogue named 167A.167A inhibits plant growth and seeds germinating of Arabidopsis.Meanwhile,the 167A enhanced the plant immunity,which is opposite of ABA.We further investigated the PTI-response after 167A treatment,and the results show that the ROS burst,callose deposition accumulate with 167A treatment.Moreover,167A also influence the degree of stomal closed.RNA-seq assays show that the 167A down-regulated the ABA associated genes and upregulated the JA/SA/ET associated genes.Through genetic analysis,the 167A modulating the plant resistance through the PYR/PYL Receptors.Together,these results demonstrate that a novel ABA analogue 167A positive regulated plant immunity and has great potential for agricultural applications.

Cesium-doped manganese-based Prussian blue analogue as a high-efficiency cathode material for potassium-ion batteries

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are regarded as promising cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) owing to their low cost and high reversible capacity.Compared to other PBAs,potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMnHCF) stands out for its superior capacity and operating voltage.However,Jahn-Teller effect of Mn^(3+)and the structural collapse caused by potassium ion insertion/extraction still affect the structural stability and electrochemical performance of this material.Herein,a green and efficient synthesis method is adopted to substitute potassium ions in KMnHCF with an appropriate amount of cesium ions to form a column effect.Cesium-doped KMnHCF (Cs-KMnHCF) mitigates the irreversible structural damage caused by potassiation/depotassiation and the Jahn-Teller effect,thereby improving the cycling stability.In addition,it widens the lattice channels,reduces the diffusion barrier of potassium ions,and optimizes the diffusion kinetics.By rationally controlling the doping amount of Cs^(+),the obtained K_(1.71)Cs_(0.05)Mn[Fe(CN)_(6)]_(0.95·0.05)·0.88H_(2)O exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance,with an initial discharge capacity of 137.6 mA h g^(-1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(-1)and a capacity retention of 89.6%after 600 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1).More importantly,when assembled with a pitch-derived soft carbon anode,the full cell manifests excellent cycle stability and rate performance.This work is expected to provide a highly efficient cathode material for the practical application of PIBs.

Plant-based meat analogues aggravated lipid accumulation by regulating lipid metabolism homeostasis in mice

To determine the effects of plant-based meat analogues on the metabolic health and the possible mechanisms,mice were fed with a real pork diet(AP),a real beef diet(AB),a plant-based pork analogue diet(PP)and plant-based beef analogue diet(PB)for 68 days.Compared with real meat,the plant-based meat analogues increased food and energy intake,body weight,white fat and liver weight and caused adipocyte hypertrophy,hepatic lipid droplet accumulation,and inflammatory responses in mice.Metabolomics revealed that plantbased meat analogues altered the composition of serum metabolites,which regulated lipid metabolism homeostasis.The PB diet upregulated gene expression related to lipid synthesis,lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation while the PP diet upregulated expression of lipolysis-related genes but downregulated expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes in white adipose tissue.Meanwhile,both PP and PB diets upregulated lipid influx-and synthesis-related genes but downregulated lipid oxidation-related genes in liver.The specific metabolite biomarkers may affect fat accumulation mainly by direct lipid metabolism pathways or indirect amino acid metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,bile secretion,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ABC transporters pathways.These findings provide a new insight into understanding the differences in nutritional functions of meat and plant-based meat analogues.

New model of linkage evolution for the transtensional fault systems in the Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin:Insight from seismic interpretation and analogue modelling

The evolution of faults within the same stress field is frequently influenced by numerous factors,involving the reactivation of pre-existing structures,stress transmission through ductile detachment layers,and the growth,interaction,as well as linkage of new fault segments.This study analyses a complex multi-phase oblique extension fault system in the Nanpu Sag(NPS)of the Bohai Bay Basin(BBB),China.High-resolution three-dimensional(3D)seismic data and analogue modelling indicate that the oblique extensional reactivation of pre-existing structures governs the sequential arrangement of fault segments in the caprock,and they dip synthetically to the reactivated fault at depth.During the NW-SE extension in the Eocene,the predominant movement of the pre-existing fault is strike-slip.Subsequently,during the N-S extension since the Oligocene,inclined at 20.to the pre-existing fault,forming splay fault segments and ultimately creating large en-echelon arcuate faults linked by relay ramps.Using fault throw-distance(T-D)and laser scanning,we reconstructed the fault evolution model of oblique extension reactivation in the presence of a ductile detachment basement.Our study illustrates that the arcuate faults can be categorized into linear master fault segments controlled by pre-existing structures,bending splay faults in the termination zone,and normal fault segments responding to the regional stress field.The interaction between faults occurs among normal faults and strike-slip faults,and the kinematic unification of the two fault systems is accomplished in the intersection zone.As the faults continue to evolve,the new fault segments tend to relinquish the control of pre-existing structures and concentrate more on the development of planar and continuous major faults.The ductile detachment layer significantly contributes to the uniform distribution of strain,resulting in narrow shear zones and discontinuous normal faults in its absence.

Effect of dietary with Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropinreleasing-hormone-analogue on girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty

BACKGROUND At present,the clinical mechanisms underlying precocious puberty remain unclear,making effective intervention for children experiencing this condition and rapidly progressive puberty essential.AIM To explore the effects of Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa)on growth and ovarian function in girls with precocious puberty.METHODS The clinical data of 84 adolescent girls with precocious puberty and rapidly progressive puberty from February 2017 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Girls were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 42 cases in each group.The control group received diet intervention combined with GnRHa treatment,while the observation group received diet intervention combined with Zhibai dihuang pills+GnRHa treatment.Outcomes such as clinical efficacy,growth indicators,ovarian function,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group showed superior clinical efficacy compared to the control group(P<0.05).Prior to the intervention,no significant differences were found in growth or ovarian function between the groups(P>0.05).Post-intervention,the observation group exhibited significantly lower rates in growth,height,and bone age,along with reduced levels of progesterone,testosterone,estradiol,prolactin,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone compared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was similar across both groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Combining Zhibai dihuang pills with GnRHa and dietary intervention effectively improves growth,enhances ovarian function,and minimizes adverse reactions in adolescent girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty.

Synthesis of novel ADPR analogues: substitution of pyrophosphate linkage by dipeptide

For investigating the biological function of ADPR, four novel analogues （compounds 2-5） in which the pyrophosphate linkage was replaced by the aspartic acid dipeptide were synthesized. 5＇-Amino adenosine or its analogues was used as the starting material, liquid phase peptide synthesis strategy was used to construct these ADPR analogues. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS spectra. This study provides a versatile synthesis of peptide modified ADPR analogues and helps to understand the structure-activity relationship of ADPR.

Cantharidin and Its Analogues:Anticancer and Ser/Thr Protein Phosphatase Inhibitory Activities

This paper mainly describes the anticancer activities and Ser/Thr protein phosphatase inhibitory activities of cantharidin and its analogues.

Structure and kinematic analysis of the deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin through a seismic interpretation and analogue modeling experiments

Located at the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea, the Qiongdongnan Basin bears valley-shaped bathymetry deepening toward east. It is separated from the Yinggehai Basin through NW-trending Indo-China-Red River shear zone, and connected with NW subsea basin through the Xisha Trough. Along with the rapid progress of the deepwater exploration, large amounts of high resolution geophysical and geological data were accumulated. Scientific researches about deepwater basins kept revealing brand new tectonic and sedimentary discoveries. In order to summarize the structural features and main controlling factors of the deepwater Qiongdongnan Basin, a series of researches on basin architecture, fault activities, tectonic deformation and evolution were carried out. In reference to analogue modeling experiments, a tectonic situation and a basin formation mechanism were discussed. The researches indicate that：the northern boundary of the Qiongdongnan Basin is strongly controlled by No. 2 fault. The overlapping control of two stress fields from the east and the west made the central depression zone extremely thinned. Combined with the changed stress field, the segmentation of a preexisting weakness zone made the sags in the east experiencing different rifting histories from the west ones. The NE-trending west segment of the Qiongdongnan Basin experienced strong rifting during Eocene, while the roughly EW-trending sags in the east segment show strong rifting during late Eocene and early Oligocene. Local structures such as NW-trending basal fault and inherited uplifts controlled the lateral segmentation. So first order factors such as regional stress field and preexisting weakness zone controlled the basin zonation, while the second order factors determined the segmentation from east to west.

Viral infection parameters not nucleoside analogue itself correlates with host immunity in nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To determine the relationship between host immunity and the characteristics of viral infection or nucleoside analogues (NAs) themselves in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving NA therapy.

Analogue correction method of errors and its application to numerical weather prediction

In this paper, an analogue correction method of errors （ACE） based on a complicated atmospheric model is further developed and applied to numerical weather prediction （NWP）. The analysis shows that the ACE can effectively reduce model errors by combining the statistical analogue method with the dynamical model together in order that the information of plenty of historical data is utilized in the current complicated NWP model, Furthermore, in the ACE, the differences of the similarities between different historical analogues and the current initial state are considered as the weights for estimating model errors. The results of daily, decad and monthly prediction experiments on a complicated T63 atmospheric model show that the performance of the ACE by correcting model errors based on the estimation of the errors of 4 historical analogue predictions is not only better than that of the scheme of only introducing the correction of the errors of every single analogue prediction, but is also better than that of the T63 model.

3D-QSAR Study of Melittin and Amoebapore Analogues by CoMFA and CoMSIA Methods

Peptides are one of the indispensable substances in life. The use of computer aided drug design(CADD) methods to design peptides and peptiodmimetics can short the design cycle, save research funding, improve the level of whole research to a large extent and guide the discovery of new drugs. In this paper, Melittin and amoebapore three-dimensional quantitative structureactivity relationship(3D-QSAR) models were established by using comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA) method. The result shows that, the correlation coefficient(q^2) was 0.583 and non-cross-validation correlation coefficient(r^2) was 0.972 for the melittin CoMFA model. The q^2 and r^2 were 0.630 and 0.995 for the best CoMSIA model, 0.645 and 0.993 for the amoebapore CoMFA model, and 0.738 and 0.996 for the best CoMSIA model. The statistical parameters demonstrated that the CoMFA and CoMSIA models had both good predictive ability and high statistical stability, and can provide theoretical basis for designing new high activity polypeptide drugs.

Application of nucleoside analogues to liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a common yet serious infectious disease of the liver, affecting millions of people worldwide. Liver transplantation is the only possible treatment for those who advance to end-stage liver disease. Donors positive for hepatitis B virus(HBV) core antibody(HBc Ab) have previously been considered unsuitable for transplants. However, those who test negative for the more serious hepatitis B surface antigen can now be used as liver donors, thereby reducing organ shortages. Remarkable improvements have been made in the treatment against HBV, most notably with the development of nucleoside analogues(NAs), which markedly lessen cirrhosis and reduce post-transplantation HBV recurrence. However, HBV recurrence still occurs in many patients following liver transplantation due to the development of drug resistance and poor compliance with therapy. Optimized prophylactic treatment with appropriate NA usage is crucial prior to liver transplantation, and undetectable HBV DNA at the time of transplantation should be achieved. NA-based and hepatitis B immune globulin-based treatment regimens can differ between patients depending on the patients' condition, virus status, and presence of drug resistance. This review focuses on the current progress in applying NAs during the perioperative period of liver transplantation and the prophylactic strategies using NAs to prevent de novo HBV infection in recipients of HBc Ab-positive liver grafts.

Migration of Some Elements and Radionuclides across aGranite-Granite Contact Zone: A Natural Analoguefor Safe Disposal of High-Level Radwastes

Abstract Elements and natural radionuclides in the contact zone of two granites with different ages would migrate from one to the other because of the difference in their chemical contents and later water-rock interactions. This migration could serve as an analogue for the near-field process of radwastes in a high-level radwaste deep geological disposal repository.

Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in ancient fluvial-tidal channels:Example from the McMurray Formation,Canada

The fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)is a complex depositional zone,where fluvial flow is modified by tides as rivers approach a receiving marine basin.Variations in the relative importance of tidal versus fluvial processes lead to a distinctive distribution of sediments that accumulate on channel bars.The FTT generally consists of three broad zones:(1)a freshwater-tidal zone;(2)a tidally influenced freshwater to brackish-water transition:and(3)a zone of relatively sustained brackish-water conditions with stronger tides.A very common type of deposit through the fluvial-tidal transition,especially on the margins of migrating channels,is inclined heterolithic stratification(IHS).At present,a detailed account of changes in the character of IHS across the FIT of a paleo-channel system has not been reported,although a number of modern examples have been documented.To fill this gap,we quantitatively assess the sedimentology and ichnology of IHS from seven cored intervals in three geographic areas situated within the youngest paleovalley("A"Valley)in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation of Alberta.Canada.We compare the data to trends defined along the FTT in the present-day Fraser River in British Columbia.Canada to interpret paleo-depositional position in the ancient fluvial-tidal channels.Analysis determined that the mean mudstone thickness is 8.2 cm in the southern study area(SA).Mean thickness increases to 11 cm in the central study area(CA),and decreases again to 4.4 cm in the northern study area(NA).The proportion of mudstone is 31%in SA,44%in CA,and 27%in NA.Thicknessweighted mean bioturbation intensity in sands varied from 0.29 in SA and CA.to 0.28 in NA.On the other hand,thickness-weighted mean bioturbation intensity(Bl)in mudstone increases from 1.46 in SA.to 1.77 in CA.and is 1.94 in NA.The ichnological diversity also increased from south to north.Sedimentological results show sinilar trends to those of the Fraser River,enabling the identification of a freshwater to brackish-water transition zone with tidal influence.The interpreted position of the transition is underpinned by the bioturbation intensity and trace-fossil diversity trends,indicating periodic brackish-water conditions throughout SA in the McMurray Formation during low river flow conditions.Together,these data suggest that a broad FTT existed in the"A"Valley,with fluvial-dominated channels to the south that experienced seasonal brackish-water inundation during base flow,and channels experiencing increasing brackish-water influence lying further north towards a turbidity maximun zone.The FIT zone appears to have extended for several hundred kilometers fron south to north.Based on the sedimentological and ichnological data,as well as estimations of lateral accretion rates,we refute the colmonly applied Mississippi River depositional analogue for McMurray Formation channels.Rather,we show that while not a perfect fit,the tidally influenced Fraser River shows much greater agreement with the depositional character recorded in McMurray Formation IHS.Future work on the McMurray system should focus on characterizing tide-dominatecl deltaic and estuarine systems,such as the Ganges-Brahmaputra,and on forward-modeling the evolution of tide-dominated and tideinfluenced river systems.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel curcumin analogues

Five novel curcumin analogues bearing different substituents at 4-position of phenyl group were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS spectrum. Their cytotoxic activities against six tumor cell lines were tested by the standard MTT assay in vitro. The results indicated that four analogues （1A-1C, 1E） with solubilizing moieties showed selective potent cytotoxicity against HepG2, HeLa and CT26 cell lines, and analogue 1A and 1C exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than curcumin against CT26 cell line. It was suggested that introduction of appropriate substituents to 4-position of phenyl group might be a potential option for structural modification of curcumin.

Development of a spring analogue approach for the study of pillars and shafts

In civil and mining operations that involve ground excavation and support, the loads are distributed between the ground and support depending on their relative stiffness. This paper presents the development of conceptual single-degree-of-freedom models, which are used to derive equations for estimating displacements and stresses for ground-support interaction problems encountered in pillars in room-andpillar mining(natural support system), and liners for circular vertical shafts(artificial support systems).For pillar assessment, mine-pillar interaction curves can be constructed using a double spring analogy.Additionally, the effectiveness of different support systems can be evaluated depending on their effect upon the mine-pillar system. For shaft design, an initial estimation of the required lining strength and thickness can be readily made based on a double ring analogue. For both problems, the results from the proposed approach compare well with those obtained by finite element numerical simulations.

2D-QSAR Studies on the Norcantharidin Analogues as Protein Phosphatase 1 and 2A Inhibitors

The Two-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship （2D-QSAR） of a series of novel norcantharidin analogues, which exhibit hnhibitory activities of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A （PP1 and PP2A）, has been studied with a combined method of ab initio （I/F）, molecular mechanics （MM＋） and statistics. The established 2D-QSAR model （Eq. 1） for PP1 shows a reasonable regressive performance （R2= 0.749）, and the hydrophobic property of this molecule plays a decisive role in determining the inhibitory activity of PP1. In addition, the established 2D-QSAR model （Eq. 2） for PP2A also shows an acceptable regressive performance （R2= 0.701）, and the dipole moment of the molecule determines the inhibitory activity of PP2A.

Is it possible to stop nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients?

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) remains a challenging global health problem, with nearly one million related deaths per year. Nucleos(t)ide analogue(NA) treatment suppresses viral replication but does not provide complete cure of the hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. The accepted endpoint for therapy is the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag), but this is hardly ever achieved. Therefore, indefinite treatment is usually required. Many different studies have evaluated NA therapy discontinuation after several years of NA treatment and before HBs Ag loss. The results have indicated that the majority of patients can remain off therapy, with some even reaching HBs Ag seroconversion. Fortunately, this strategy has proved to be safe, but it is essential to consider the risk of liver damage and other comorbidities and to ensure aclose follow-up of the candidates before considering this strategy. Unanswered questions remain, namely in which patients could this strategy be effective and what is the optimal time point at which to perform it. To solve this enigma, we should keep in mind that the outcome will ultimately depend on the equilibrium between HBV and the host's immune system. Viral parameters that have been described as good predictors of response in HBe Ag(+) cases, have proven useless in HBe Ag(-) ones. Since antiviral immunity plays an essential role in the control of HBV infection, we sought to review and explain potential immunological biomarkers to predict safe NA discontinuation in both groups.