The Analysis of Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

I.IntroductionThe study of the.lexical approach focuses on the understanding ofa lexical-grammatical unit,which was called lexical phrase by Nattinger and Decarrieo and was called chunks by Michel Lewis.It is a multi-word unit of varying lengths,which has a fixed orrelatively fixed structure and expresses a certain meaning.It is prefabri-cated and frequently used.As a language teacher I think chunks arevery useful in language teaching and the lexical approach is a way of improving my teaching.They make sense in the classroom as they

Feasibility analysis of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4F catheter

Objective:To assess the feasibility of coronary angiography by transradial approach with 4F catheter.Methods:The procedural details,picture quality,local complication were recorded for coronary by transradial approach with 4F catheter in 138 patients.Results:The success rate of angiography was 97.7%;fluoroscopy time was(5.05±3.23)minutes,total procedural time was(20.51±3.37)minutes;the incidence of dislodgement,excessive engagement of either coronary artery was 7.8%,9.4%,repectively;the angiographic scores for left anterior descending,circumflex and right coronary arteries were(2.87±0.40),(2.88±0.39),(2.90±0.35),respectively.The spasm complication occurred 4.3% in radial artery and 1.5% in coronary artery.There were no occlusion of radial artery during follow up.Conclusion:4F catheter could be the first chosen in some selecting patients for its nice maneuverability,fine images and fewer vascular complications.

Feedback iterative learning control for time-delay systems based on 2D analysis approach

This paper deals with the iterative learning control （ILC） design for multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO）,time-delay systems （TDS）.Two feedback ILC schemes are considered using the so-called two-dimensional （2D） analysis approach.It shows that continuous-discrete 2D Roesser systems can be developed to describe the entire learning dynamics of both ILC schemes,based on which necessary and sufficient conditions for their stability can be provided.A numerical example is included to validate the theoretical analysis.

Test analysis of detection of damage to a complicated spatial model structure

A two-stage damage detection approach is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a complicated spatial model structure with a limited number of measurements. In the experiment,five known damage patterns,including 3 brace damage cases and 2 joint damage cases,were simulated by removing braces and weakening beam鈥揷olumn connections in the structure. The limited acceleration response data generated by hammer impact were used for system identification,and modal parameters were extracted by using the eigensystem realization algorithm. In the first stage,the possible damaged locations are determined by using the damage index and the characteristics of the analytical model itself,and the extent of damage for those substructures identified at stage I is estimated in the second stage by using a second-order eigen-sensitivity approximation method. The main contribution of this paper is to test the two-stage method by using the real dynamic data of a complicated spatial model structure with limited sensors. The analysis results indicate that the two-stage approach is ableto detect the location of both damage cases,only the severity of brace damage cases can be assessed,and the reasonable analytical model is critical for successful damage detection.

Three-dimensional Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Plate with Arbitrarily Distributed Material Properties

An orthotropic functionally graded piezoelectric rectangular plate with arbitrarily distributed material properties was studied, which is simply supported and grounded（electrically） on its four lateral edges. The state equations of the functionally graded piezoelectric material were obtained using the state-space approach, and a Peano-Baker series solution was obtained for the coupled electroelastic fi elds of the functionally graded piezoelectric plate subjected to mechanical and electric loading on its upper and lower surfaces. The influence of different distributions of material properties on the structural response of the plate was studied using the obtained solutions.

AN APPROACH TO THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLANE STRAIN MODE-I CRACK

This paper presents an approach to the solution of the approximate elastic-plastic analysis for the plane strain mode-1 crack.

Approach for improving precision of regression analysis of single-replication fertilization experiments in rice

The field experiment designs with single replication were frequently used for factorial experiments in which the numbers of field plots were limited, but the experimental error was difficult to be estimated. To study a new statistical method for improving precision of regression analysis of such experiments in rice, 84 fertilizer experiments were conducted in 15 provinces of China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, etc. Three factors with 14 treatments (N: 0—225kg/ha, P: 0 —112. 5kg/ha, K: 0—150kg/ha) and two replications were employed using approaching optimun design. There were 2352 (84×14×2=2352) Yield deviations (d) between the individual treatment yields and its arithmetic mean. The results indicated that:

船舶与海洋工程结构疲劳分析的最新进展

A review is provided of various approaches that have been adopted recently to assess the fatigue of ships and offshore structures.The relevant fatigue loading is reviewed first,focusing on the successive loading and unloading of the cargo and the transient loadings.The factors influencing fatigue strength are discussed,including the geometrical parameters,material,residual stress,and ones related to the environment.Different approaches for fatigue analyses of seam-welded joints are covered,i.e.,the structural stress or strain approach,the notch stress or strain approach,notch intensity approach,and the crack propagation approach.

DIRECT DIGITAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MESHING IN WORM-GEAR DRIVE

A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA） method is analyzed, in which the advanced surface to surface searching technique is included. The influence of misalignment errors and contact deformations on contact zone and transmission error （TE） is discussed. Combined modification approach on worm tooth surface is presented. By means of DDDM and LTCA, it is very conven- ient to verify the effect of worm-gear drive＇s modification approach. The analysis results show that, the modification in profile direction reduces the sensitivity of worm-gear drive to misalignment errors and the modification in longitudinal direction decreases the TE. Thus the optimization design of worm-gear drive can be achieved prior to the actual manufacturing process.

Market segmentation and its applications intransit industry

The role of marketing in the transit industry has undergone numerous changes in past morecomplicated. The paper identifies application of market segmentation, including its definition,characteristics, functions and limitations. Its applications in transit system are extensively reviewed,including travel demand analysis, transport policy, transport planning and management, travel pattern and behavior, transit marketing and mode choices, etc.

Trustworthy Explainable Recommendation Framework for Relevancy

Explainable recommendation systems deal with the problem of‘Why’.Besides providing the user with the recommendation,it is also explained why such an object is being recommended.It helps to improve trustworthiness,effectiveness,efficiency,persuasiveness,and user satisfaction towards the system.To recommend the relevant information with an explanation to the user is required.Existing systems provide the top-k recommendation options to the user based on ratings and reviews about the required object but unable to explain the matched-attribute-based recommendation to the user.A framework is proposed to fetch the most specific information that matches the user requirements based on Formal Concept Analysis(FCA).The ranking quality of the recommendation list for the proposed system is evaluated quantitatively with Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain(NDCG)@k,which is better than the existing systems.Explanation is provided qualitatively by considering trustworthiness criterion i.e.,among the seven explainability evaluation criteria,and its metric satisfies the results of proposed method.This framework can be enhanced to accommodate for more effectiveness and trustworthiness.

Deciphering Ascorbic Acid Regulatory Pathways in Ripening Tomato Fruit Using a Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis Approach

Genotype is generally determined by the co-expression of diverse genes and multiple regulatory pathways in plants. Gene co-expression analysis combining with physiological trait data provides very important information about the gene function and regulatory mechanism. L-Ascorbic acid （AsA）, which is an essential nutrient component for human health and plant metabolism, plays key roles in diverse biological processes such as cell cycle, cell expansion, stress resistance, hormone synthesis, and signaling. Here, we applied a weighted gene correlation network analysis approach based on gene expression values and AsA content data in ripening tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） fruit with different AsA content levels, which leads to identification of AsA relevant modules and vital genes in AsA regulatory pathways. Twenty- four modules were compartmentalized according to gene expression profiling. Among these modules, one negatively related module containing genes involved in redox processes and one positively related module enriched with genes involved in AsA biosynthetic and recycling pathways were further analyzed. The present work herein indicates that redox pathways as well as hormone-signal pathways are closely correlated with AsA accumulation in ripening tomato fruit, and allowed us to prioritize candidate genes for follow-up studies to dissect this interplay at the biochemical and molecular level.

Heat Integration retrofit analysis --an oil refinery case study by Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram

Heat Integration has been established over the last decades as a proven chemical engineering methodol- ogy. Two design implementations are often used in the industry： grassroots and retrofit. Although various methods have been developed for retrofit, it still needs more development to ensure simultaneously thermodynamic feasibility and economic viability. In this paper, a novel graphical approach has been developed to facilitate the understanding of the current situation and scope of improvement. The Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram presents all streams and heat exchangers in temperature scale and the heat exchangers are clearly separated from each other, enabling clear visualisation of the current state. The tool incorporates the previously developed Cross-Pinch Analysis as well as path approach for retrofit. Additionally, the non-vertical heat transfer can be evaluated. The application of the developed tool has been validated on an oil refinery case study. The applicability of the tool is evident as it can reveal additional options for modification that none of the previous methods considered.

Structural-acoustic topology optimization analysis based on evolutionary structural optimization approach

The continuum structural-acoustic topology optimization with external loading is investigated herein. Finite element method （FEM） is used to obtain the structural frequency response and boundary element method （BEM） is adopted to perform exterior acoustic radiation analysis. The evolutionary structural optimization （ESO） is served as an optimization method in structural-acoustic radiation topology analysis. The acoustic radiation optimization of a plate under harmonic excitation is given for example. The numerical results show that using ESO solution to analyze structural-acoustic topology optimization is feasible and effective.

Circular Bragg lasers with radial PT symmetry:Design and analysis with a coupled-mode approach

Parity–time(PT) symmetry has been demonstrated in the frame of classic optics. Its applications in laser science have resulted in unconventional control and manipulation of resonant modes. PT-symmetric periodic circular Bragg lasers were previously proposed. Analyses with a transfer-matrix method have shown their superior properties of reduced threshold and enhanced modal discrimination between the radial modes. However, the properties of the azimuthal modes were not analyzed, which restricts further development of circular Bragg lasers. Here, we adopt the coupled-mode theory to design and analyze chirped circular Bragg lasers with radial PT symmetry. The new structures possess more versatile modal control with further enhanced modal discrimination between the azimuthal modes. We also analyze azimuthally modulated circular Bragg lasers with radial PT symmetry, which are shown to achieve even higher modal discrimination.

Time-fractional Davey–Stewartson equation:Lie point symmetries,similarity reductions,conservation laws and traveling wave solutions

As a celebrated nonlinear water wave equation,the Davey–Stewartson equation is widely studied by researchers,especially in the field of mathematical physics.On the basis of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative,the time-fractional Davey–Stewartson equation is investigated in this paper.By application of the Lie symmetry analysis approach,the Lie point symmetries and symmetry groups are obtained.At the same time,the similarity reductions are derived.Furthermore,the equation is converted to a system of fractional partial differential equations and a system of fractional ordinary differential equations in the sense of Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative.By virtue of the symmetry corresponding to the scalar transformation,the equation is converted to a system of fractional ordinary differential equations in the sense of Erdélyi–Kober fractional integro-differential operators.By using Noether’s theorem and Ibragimov’s new conservation theorem,the conserved vectors and the conservation laws are derived.Finally,the traveling wave solutions are achieved and plotted.

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.

Optimal linear estimators for systems with random measurement delays

This paper is concerned with the optimal linear estimation problem for linear discrete-time stochastic systems with random measurement delays. A new model that describes the random delays is constructed where possible the largest delay is bounded. Based on this new model, the optimal linear estimators including filter, predictor and smoother are developed via an innovation analysis approach. The estimators are recursively computed in terms of the solutions of a Riccati difference equation and a Lyapunov difference equation. The steady-state estimators are also investigated. A sufficient condition for the convergence of the optimal linear estimators is given. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Approach Analyses to Promote Sustainable Forest Management with Forest Certification in China

The paper was based on the current development status of forest certification to analyze the basic characteristics of forest certification from the development point of view in terms of origin, development, main drivers and impacts, and then conducted the approach analysis to promote sustainable forest management with forest certification in China. The result showed that China shall establish her own forest certification scheme, with the focus on the improvement of forest sustainable management concept through forest certification, the promotion of forest certification through the leadership of large companies and the strengthening of capacity building. It is unrealistically expected to employ forest certification to facilitate China’s forest management immediately on the track of sustainability.

Detailed parametric design methodology for hydrodynamics of liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed using design of experiments

A design-of-experiments methodology is used to develop a statistical model for the prediction of the hydrodynamics of a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed. To illustrate the multilevel factorial design approach, a step by step methodology is taken to study the effects of the interactions among the independent factors considered on the performance variables. A multilevel full factorial design with three levels of the two factors and five levels of the third factor has been studied. Various statistical models such as the linear, two-factor interaction, quadratic, and cubic models are tested. The model has been developed to predict responses, viz., average solids holdup and solids circulation rate. The validity of the developed regression model is verified using the analysis of variance. Furthermore, the model developed was compared with an experimental dataset to assess its adequacy and reliability. This detailed statistical design methodology for non-linear systems considered here provides a very important tool for design and optimization in a cost-effective approach