We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estima...We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.展开更多
Chaos-based encryption schemes have been studied extensively, while the security analysis methods for them are still problems to be resolved. Based on the periodic orbit theory, this paper proposes a novel security an...Chaos-based encryption schemes have been studied extensively, while the security analysis methods for them are still problems to be resolved. Based on the periodic orbit theory, this paper proposes a novel security analysis method. The periodic orbits theory indicates that the fundamental frequency of the spiraling orbits is the natural frequency of associated linearized system, which is decided by the parameters of the chaotic system. Thus, it is possible to recover the plaintext of secure communication systems based on chaotic shift keying by getting the average time on the spiraling orbits. Analysis and simulation results show that the security analysis method can break chaos shift keying secure communication systems, which use the parameters as keys.展开更多
Formation of coal seam and coal-rich zone is an integrated result of a series of factors in coal accumulation process. The coal accumulation system is an architectural aggregation of coal accumulation factors. It can ...Formation of coal seam and coal-rich zone is an integrated result of a series of factors in coal accumulation process. The coal accumulation system is an architectural aggregation of coal accumulation factors. It can be classified into 4 levels： the global coal accumulation super-system, the coal accumulation domain mega-system, the coal accumulation basin system, and the coal seam or coal seam set sub-system. The coal accumulation process is an open, dynamic, and grey system, and is meanwhile a system with such natures as aggregation, relevance, entirety, purpose-orientated, hierarchy, and environment adaptability. In this paper, we take coal accumulation process as a system to study origin of coal seam and coal-rich zone; and we will discuss a methodology of the systematic analysis of coal accumulation process. As an example, the Ordos coal basin was investigated to elucidate the application of the method of the coal accumulation system analysis.展开更多
Modern science has solved the systematic dynamic problems involving complexity such as complex systems by logical solution algebraically such as the old chaos theory derived from algebraic statistics based on determin...Modern science has solved the systematic dynamic problems involving complexity such as complex systems by logical solution algebraically such as the old chaos theory derived from algebraic statistics based on determinism. It is very vague and difficult for us. Moreover, modern science treats systems dynamic problems as logical static problems according to determinism. However, this study proposes a novel solution for systematic problems, it is accomplished by systems analysis theory based on a third science (indeterminism) as it is more precise and easier to understand compared to chaos theory. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-physicists, because it is supported by computer simulations without any mathematical processing. Thus, it can be solved especially regressive systems solution. Therefore, this provided an innovative scientific result to non-physicists for their unsolved systematic problems in modern science.展开更多
This paper introduces the concept and motivates the use of finite-interval based measures for physically realizable and measurable quantities, which we call -measures. We demonstrate the utility and power of -measures...This paper introduces the concept and motivates the use of finite-interval based measures for physically realizable and measurable quantities, which we call -measures. We demonstrate the utility and power of -measures by illustrating their use in an interval-based analysis of a prototypical Bell’s inequality in the measurement of the polarization states of an entangled pair of photons. We show that the use of finite intervals in place of real-numbered values in the Bell inequality leads to reduced violations. We demonstrate that, under some conditions, an interval-based but otherwise classically calculated probability measure can be made to arbitrarily closely approximate its quantal counterpart. More generally, we claim by heuristic arguments and by formal analogy with finite-state machines that -measures can provide a more accurate model of both classical and quantal physical property values than point-like, real numbers—as originally proposed by Tuero Sunaga in 1958.展开更多
Internet is a magical world, many treasures can be found there. Internet is also an important tool in our work, study and daily lives. Compared with paper textbooks and encyclopedias, learning English online has becom...Internet is a magical world, many treasures can be found there. Internet is also an important tool in our work, study and daily lives. Compared with paper textbooks and encyclopedias, learning English online has become the best choice for its large amount of information and strong interactivity. What's more, it is scientific, advanced, intuitive, vivid, interesting and up?date soon. This thesis will apply Theory of Behaviorism and Theory of Structuralism to English podcasting, learning websites,BBS, radio on line and chatting –room in order to reinforce a positive cycle for the net-based English learners.展开更多
The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and qu...The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.展开更多
The exponential growth of scientific evidence(i.e., primary research) and the ongoing development of methods to summarize such evidence, such as meta-analyses and mixed treatment comparisons(i.e., secondary research),...The exponential growth of scientific evidence(i.e., primary research) and the ongoing development of methods to summarize such evidence, such as meta-analyses and mixed treatment comparisons(i.e., secondary research), make the worldwide dissemination of highquality meta-analyses and pertinent articles a key scientific priority. The World Journal of Meta-Analysis will apply an electronic open access publishing approach combined with a timely and thorough peer-review of submitted manuscripts, weighing more on quality than priority, in order to improve the dissemination of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as novelties and advancements in methods related to them, focusing on clinical medicine, but spanning all biomedical, epidemiological, and psychological research fields.展开更多
This paper has counted the clauses about the acupoint effect in Zhenjiu Dachengwith computer. The results have been indicated, summed up, simplified, and listed in a table. Ac-cording to these results, authors propose...This paper has counted the clauses about the acupoint effect in Zhenjiu Dachengwith computer. The results have been indicated, summed up, simplified, and listed in a table. Ac-cording to these results, authors proposed some hypotheses, such as the first grade of the holographicunits on the extremities, the second grade of the holographic units on the extremities, the holographicunit on the head, etc., which are of significance in the clinical selection of points.展开更多
In our study, the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) has been proposed to assist the Board of Directors of the Community Futures Development Corporations (CFDC), the sub-region of Abitibi-West (Quebec). The CFD...In our study, the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) has been proposed to assist the Board of Directors of the Community Futures Development Corporations (CFDC), the sub-region of Abitibi-West (Quebec). The CFDC needs a tool for decision support to select the projects that are proposed by the contractors and partners of its territory. In decision making, a balanced set of 22 indicators is considered. These indicators derive from five perspectives: economic, social, demographic, health and wellness. The DRSA proposal is suitable for the data processing with multiple indicators providing on many examples to infer decision rules related to the preference model. In this paper we show that decision rules developed with the use of rough set theory allow us to simplify the process of selecting a portfolio for sustainable development by reducing a number of redundant indicators and identifying the critical values of selected indicators.展开更多
目的:系统评价糖尿病足病人就诊延迟情况。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库建库至2022年7月3日有关糖尿病足病人就诊延迟的研究。由...目的:系统评价糖尿病足病人就诊延迟情况。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库建库至2022年7月3日有关糖尿病足病人就诊延迟的研究。由2名评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入12项横断面研究,涉及22920例糖尿病足病人。Meta分析结果显示,糖尿病足病人就诊延迟率为64%,95%CI(52%,75%)。结论:现有证据显示,糖尿病足病人就诊延迟率较高,受纳入研究的数量和质量的限制,研究结论尚需要更多高质量研究予以验证。展开更多
针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial ...针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。展开更多
为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theor...为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theory,CAST)方法从系统角度梳理并识别失控类事故发生过程中涉及的安全控制缺陷。在此基础上,采用故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法绘制失控类事故故障树模型,并对其进行定性、定量分析,得出失控类事故的主要致因。结果表明:基于CAST模型分析识别出25个系统缺陷;通过故障树定性分析得出16个最小割集;通过定量分析计算出失控类事故在所有事故中发生的概率为0.40086;确定机组操作不当、机组沟通不足、飞机系统缺陷及飞机制造商假设不全、制造商未提供相关文件为失控类事故的主要影响因素。展开更多
目的:通过对集束化护理的概念应用、定义、属性、典型案例、先决条件、结果等进行系统分析,基于护理实践角度对集束化护理的概念内涵进行界定。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science等数据库,以R...目的:通过对集束化护理的概念应用、定义、属性、典型案例、先决条件、结果等进行系统分析,基于护理实践角度对集束化护理的概念内涵进行界定。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science等数据库,以Rorgers演化概念分析法为理论框架进行分析讨论。结果:集束化护理以提高护理质量、改善病人预后为最终目标,归纳为5个概念属性:以病人为中心,以循证为基础,实施一致性,相对独立性,质量控制。结论:明确集束化护理的内涵并进行系统分析,有利于规范集束化护理方案的制定,保证护理服务质量。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11304247the Shaanxi Provincial Research Plan for Young Scientific and Technological New Stars(No 2015KJXX-40)the Youth Foundation of Xi’an University of Post&Telecommunication under Grant Nos 1011215 and 1010473
文摘We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.
文摘Chaos-based encryption schemes have been studied extensively, while the security analysis methods for them are still problems to be resolved. Based on the periodic orbit theory, this paper proposes a novel security analysis method. The periodic orbits theory indicates that the fundamental frequency of the spiraling orbits is the natural frequency of associated linearized system, which is decided by the parameters of the chaotic system. Thus, it is possible to recover the plaintext of secure communication systems based on chaotic shift keying by getting the average time on the spiraling orbits. Analysis and simulation results show that the security analysis method can break chaos shift keying secure communication systems, which use the parameters as keys.
文摘Formation of coal seam and coal-rich zone is an integrated result of a series of factors in coal accumulation process. The coal accumulation system is an architectural aggregation of coal accumulation factors. It can be classified into 4 levels： the global coal accumulation super-system, the coal accumulation domain mega-system, the coal accumulation basin system, and the coal seam or coal seam set sub-system. The coal accumulation process is an open, dynamic, and grey system, and is meanwhile a system with such natures as aggregation, relevance, entirety, purpose-orientated, hierarchy, and environment adaptability. In this paper, we take coal accumulation process as a system to study origin of coal seam and coal-rich zone; and we will discuss a methodology of the systematic analysis of coal accumulation process. As an example, the Ordos coal basin was investigated to elucidate the application of the method of the coal accumulation system analysis.
文摘Modern science has solved the systematic dynamic problems involving complexity such as complex systems by logical solution algebraically such as the old chaos theory derived from algebraic statistics based on determinism. It is very vague and difficult for us. Moreover, modern science treats systems dynamic problems as logical static problems according to determinism. However, this study proposes a novel solution for systematic problems, it is accomplished by systems analysis theory based on a third science (indeterminism) as it is more precise and easier to understand compared to chaos theory. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-physicists, because it is supported by computer simulations without any mathematical processing. Thus, it can be solved especially regressive systems solution. Therefore, this provided an innovative scientific result to non-physicists for their unsolved systematic problems in modern science.
文摘This paper introduces the concept and motivates the use of finite-interval based measures for physically realizable and measurable quantities, which we call -measures. We demonstrate the utility and power of -measures by illustrating their use in an interval-based analysis of a prototypical Bell’s inequality in the measurement of the polarization states of an entangled pair of photons. We show that the use of finite intervals in place of real-numbered values in the Bell inequality leads to reduced violations. We demonstrate that, under some conditions, an interval-based but otherwise classically calculated probability measure can be made to arbitrarily closely approximate its quantal counterpart. More generally, we claim by heuristic arguments and by formal analogy with finite-state machines that -measures can provide a more accurate model of both classical and quantal physical property values than point-like, real numbers—as originally proposed by Tuero Sunaga in 1958.
文摘Internet is a magical world, many treasures can be found there. Internet is also an important tool in our work, study and daily lives. Compared with paper textbooks and encyclopedias, learning English online has become the best choice for its large amount of information and strong interactivity. What's more, it is scientific, advanced, intuitive, vivid, interesting and up?date soon. This thesis will apply Theory of Behaviorism and Theory of Structuralism to English podcasting, learning websites,BBS, radio on line and chatting –room in order to reinforce a positive cycle for the net-based English learners.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371008,41101119)New Start Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(No.ZK201201)
文摘The key to studying urban sustainable development depends on quantifying stores, efficiencies of urban metabolisms and capturing urban metabolisms′ mechanisms. This paper builds up the metabolic emergy account and quantifies some important concepts of emergy stores. Emphasis is placed on the urban metabolic model based on the slack based model(SBM) method to measure urban metabolic efficiencies. Urban metabolic mechanisms are discussed by using the regression method. By integrating these models, this paper analyzes the urban metabolic development in Beijing from 2001 to 2010. We conclude that the metabolic emergy stores of Beijing increased significantly from 2001 to 2010, with the emergy imported accounting for most of the increase. The metabolic efficiencies in Beijing have improved since the 2008 Olympic Games. The population, economic growth, industrial structures, and environmental governance positively affect the overall urban metabolism, while the land expansion, urbanization and environmentally technical levels hinder the improving of urban metabolic efficiencies. The SBM metabolic method and the regression model based on the emergy analysis provide insights into the urban metabolic efficiencies and the mechanism. They can promote to integrate such concepts into their sustainability analyses and policy decisions.
文摘The exponential growth of scientific evidence(i.e., primary research) and the ongoing development of methods to summarize such evidence, such as meta-analyses and mixed treatment comparisons(i.e., secondary research), make the worldwide dissemination of highquality meta-analyses and pertinent articles a key scientific priority. The World Journal of Meta-Analysis will apply an electronic open access publishing approach combined with a timely and thorough peer-review of submitted manuscripts, weighing more on quality than priority, in order to improve the dissemination of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as novelties and advancements in methods related to them, focusing on clinical medicine, but spanning all biomedical, epidemiological, and psychological research fields.
文摘This paper has counted the clauses about the acupoint effect in Zhenjiu Dachengwith computer. The results have been indicated, summed up, simplified, and listed in a table. Ac-cording to these results, authors proposed some hypotheses, such as the first grade of the holographicunits on the extremities, the second grade of the holographic units on the extremities, the holographicunit on the head, etc., which are of significance in the clinical selection of points.
文摘In our study, the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) has been proposed to assist the Board of Directors of the Community Futures Development Corporations (CFDC), the sub-region of Abitibi-West (Quebec). The CFDC needs a tool for decision support to select the projects that are proposed by the contractors and partners of its territory. In decision making, a balanced set of 22 indicators is considered. These indicators derive from five perspectives: economic, social, demographic, health and wellness. The DRSA proposal is suitable for the data processing with multiple indicators providing on many examples to infer decision rules related to the preference model. In this paper we show that decision rules developed with the use of rough set theory allow us to simplify the process of selecting a portfolio for sustainable development by reducing a number of redundant indicators and identifying the critical values of selected indicators.
文摘针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。
文摘为预防失控类事故引发的灾难性后果,选取航空安全网(Aviation Safety Network,ASN)2015—2022年102起失控类事故为样本,以2018年“10·29”印尼客机坠毁事故为例,采用基于系统理论的因果分析(Causal Analysis based on System Theory,CAST)方法从系统角度梳理并识别失控类事故发生过程中涉及的安全控制缺陷。在此基础上,采用故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法绘制失控类事故故障树模型,并对其进行定性、定量分析,得出失控类事故的主要致因。结果表明:基于CAST模型分析识别出25个系统缺陷;通过故障树定性分析得出16个最小割集;通过定量分析计算出失控类事故在所有事故中发生的概率为0.40086;确定机组操作不当、机组沟通不足、飞机系统缺陷及飞机制造商假设不全、制造商未提供相关文件为失控类事故的主要影响因素。
文摘目的:通过对集束化护理的概念应用、定义、属性、典型案例、先决条件、结果等进行系统分析,基于护理实践角度对集束化护理的概念内涵进行界定。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science等数据库,以Rorgers演化概念分析法为理论框架进行分析讨论。结果:集束化护理以提高护理质量、改善病人预后为最终目标,归纳为5个概念属性:以病人为中心,以循证为基础,实施一致性,相对独立性,质量控制。结论:明确集束化护理的内涵并进行系统分析,有利于规范集束化护理方案的制定,保证护理服务质量。
