Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.

Measuring coordination of economy-society and resource-environment based on major function oriented zoning: a case study of Pearl River Delta

A reasonable coordination degree assessment of the social-economic development level and the resource-environment quality level are essential to ident the key factory of the development, and vital to determine the appropriate development strategy and achieve sustainable development. The major function oriented zoning plays a role in spatial coordination mainly＇ by spatial guidance and restriction, so. the proposal of major function oriented zoning gives a new train of thought to generate a coordination evaluation of economy-society and the resource-environment system, From the view of major function oriented zoning that considers resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development density and development potential, this paper constructs an index system and model of coordination evahtation with a case study on Pearl River Delta. The results have shown： （I） It can reveal the conflicts of economic-social development and resource-environment quality to ac- curately consider resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development densio~ and development po- tential; （2） The coordination degree between social-economy system and resource-environment system in Pearl River Delta continued to decline in the past 10 years. The spatial extent of coordination evoh,es.from coordina- tion in the whole Pearl River Delta to imbalance in the core areas, and at present, the uncoordinated areas have already diffused from core areas to the outlying regions： （3） Most regions of the Pearl River Delta are in uncoordinated condition When considering the coordination degree of economic-social development and resollrceenvironment quality, not as coordinated as some scholars considered.

Construction of Psychological Adjustment Function Model of Music Education Based on Emotional Tendency Analysis

In the face offierce competition in the social environment,mental health problems gradually get the attention of the public,in order to achieve accurate mental health data analysis,the construction of music education is based on emotional tendency analysis of psychological adjustment function model.Design emotional tendency analysis of music education psychological adjustment function architecture,music teaching goal as psychological adjust-ment function architecture building orientation,music teaching content as a foundation for psychological adjust-ment function architecture and music teaching process as a psychological adjustment function architecture building,music teaching evaluation as the key of building key regulating function architecture,Establish a core literacy oriented evaluation system.Different evaluation methods were used to obtain the evaluation results.Four levels of psychological adjustment function model of music education are designed,and the psychological adjust-ment function of music education is put forward,thus completing the construction of psychological adjustment function model of music education.The experimental results show that the absolute value of the data acquisition error of the designed model is minimum,which is not more than 0.2.It is less affected by a bad coefficient and has good performance.It can quickly converge to the best state in the actual prediction process and has a strong con-vergence ability.

The application of environmental economics in marine functional zoning and coastal city conceptual planning

There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.

Examining the influence of the implementation of Major Function-oriented Zones on built-up area expansion in China

China had implemented the national strategies for Major Function-oriented Zones （MFOZs） to realize the goal of national sustainable development since 2010. This study analyzed and compared spatio-temporal characteristics and differences in built-up area for China＇s MFOZs using a China＇ s Land Use Database （CLUD） derived from high-resolution remotely sensed images in the periods of 2000-2010 and 2010-2013. To sum up： （1） The percentage of built-up area in each of the MFOZs was significantly different, revealing the gradient feature of national land development based on the distribution of the main functions. （2） Annual growth in built-up area in optimal development zones （ODZs） decreased signifi- cantly during 2010-2013 compared with the period 2000-2010, while annual growth in built-up area in key development zones （KDZs）, agricultural production zones （APZs） and key ecological function zones （KEFZs） increased significantly. （3） In ODZs, the average annual increase in built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta region was significantly higher than in other regions; the average area increase and rate of increase of built-up area in KDZs was faster in the western region than in other regions; average annual area growth of built-up area in APZs in the northeast, central and western regions was twice as high as the previous decade on average; the annual rate of change and increase in the dynamic degree of built-up area were most notable in KEFZs in the central region. （4） The spatial pattern and charac- teristics of built-up area expansions in the period 2010-2013 reflected the gradient feature of the plan for MFOZs. But the rate of increase locally in built-up area in ODZs, APZs and KEFZs is fast, so the effective measures must be adopted in the implementation of national and regional policies. The conclusions indicated these methods and results were meaningful for future regulation strategies in optimizing national land development in China.

Study on Plant Landscape Design of Urban Comprehensive Park

The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of the comprehensive park to improve the environmental quality and the sustainable development of the city. Taking the ＂Nanjiang Park＂ in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as the research object, the landscape design of plants was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the application forms of plant land- scapes in different functional zones in comprehensive parks. The specific forms of the garden elements had different needs of plant landscape construction. According to the results of case studies, it found that comprehensive parks could improve the functions, create the aesthetic sense, enhance the atmosphere and enhance the taste through plant landscape design. In addition, corresponding suggestions were put forward according to the current situation with the aim to provide references for the future plant landscape design related with garden greens.

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area:A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, China

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture （Gannan） as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carded out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan＇s natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.

基于SOFM方法的安徽省矿产资源开发主体功能区划研究

文章选择安徽省主要的矿产资源分布区,构建矿产资源开发功能区划指标体系,并通过自组织特征映射(self-organizing feature map,SOFM)网络方法对指标数据进行聚类,根据各聚类结果的区域特征,对安徽省矿产资源开发功能区进行研究。结果表明:安徽省矿产资源分布显著集中,矿产资源富集区主要分布在皖江及皖北地区;安徽省整体生态环境较好,研究区内80.77%的县区生态环境适宜进行适度开发;矿产资源较丰富的县区内生态环境适宜开发,而生态环境指数较高的县区矿产资源匮乏,表明安徽省矿产资源开发与生态保护不存在根本冲突。研究结果解释了安徽省矿产资源空间分布规律,可为分区制定差别化管理政策提供理论依据,对安徽省矿产资源可持续发展规划有一定的参考价值。

Effects of ply orientation and material on the ballistic impact behavior of multilayer plain-weave aramid fabric targets

Virtual testing of fabric armor provides an efficient and inexpensive means of systematically studying the influence of various architectural and material parameters on the ballistic impact behavior of woven fabrics, before actual laboratory prototypes are woven and destructively tested. In this finite element study, the combined effects of individual ply orientations and material properties on the impact performance of multi-layered, non-stitched woven aramid fabrics are studied using 2-and 4-sided clamping configurations. Individual ply orientations of 0°, ±15°, ±30°, and ±45° are considered along with three levels of inter-yarn friction coefficient. Functionally graded fabric targets are also considered wherein the yarn stiffness progressively increases or decreases through the target thickness while keeping the yarn strain energy density constant and with all other material and architectural parameters unchanged for consistency. For each target configuration, one non-penetrating and one penetrating impact velocity is chosen. The impact performance is evaluated by the time taken to arrest the projectile and the backface deformation for the non-penetrating impacts, and by the residual velocity for the penetrating impact tests. All deterministic impact simulations are performed using LS-DYNA. 2-sided clamped targets and lower inter-yarn frictional levels generally resulted in better impact performance.The functionally graded targets generally showed either similar or inferior impact performance than the baseline fabric target configurations for the non-penetrating shots. Some performance improvements were observed for the penetrating shots when the yarn stiffness was progressively decreased through the layers in a direction away from the strike face, with additional performance enhancements achieved by simultaneously reducing the inter-yarn friction.

STUDY OF TEXTURE EFFECT ON STRAIN LOCALIZATION OF BCC STEEL SHEETS

Using elastic crystalline viscoplastic finite element (FE) annlysis, the formability of BCC steel sheets was assessed. An orientation probability assignment method in the FE modeling procedure, which can be categorized as an inhomogenized material modeling, was newly proposed. In the study, the crystal orientations of three materials, mild steel, dual phase steel and the high strength steel, were obtained by Xray diffraction and orientation distribution function (ODF) analyses. The measured ODF results have revealed clearly different textures in the sheets, featured by orientation fibers, skeleton lines and selected orientations in Euler angle space, which are closely related to the plastic anisotropy. Then, the crystal orientations were assigned to FE integration points by using this ODF data, individually. The FE analyses of the standard limiting dome height (LDH) test show how the fiber textures affect the extent of strain localization in the forming processes. It was confirmed by comparison with experimental results that this FE code could predict the extreme strain localization and assess the sheet formability.

大凉山地区不同马铃薯品种产量和营养品质的综合评价

为筛选出适宜四川大凉山地区种植的马铃薯品种,对14个马铃薯品种的12个产量与营养品质指标进行测定,并结合主成分分析、隶属函数法、系统聚类分析对马铃薯产量和品质表现进行综合评价。结果表明,单株结薯数、单薯鲜质量、单株块茎鲜质量、单产、还原糖含量的变异系数均超过30%;单株块茎鲜质量与单薯鲜质量、单产和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,干物质含量与淀粉含量、蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,单薯鲜质量与VC含量、锌含量呈显著负相关,蛋白质含量与钾含量呈极显著负相关;主成分分析结果表明,12个指标可用4个主成分来表示,方差累积贡献率达到86.040%。进一步采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析将14个品种分为3类,筛选出6个综合表现较优的品种,分别为川凉薯10号、青薯9号、川芋50、川凉芋13、云薯108、川芋22号。

基于主体功能区的山西省碳排放时空特征及减排评价

碳排放核算是落实温室气体减排目标、应对气候变化和实现可持续发展的重要基础。碳排放强度的变化趋势体现了碳减排成效,是主体功能区未来减排措施和低碳发展道路的选择与调整的重要依据。以我国典型高碳经济省份山西省为研究对象,采用BP神经网络模型,基于市级碳排放量、人口、GDP、夜间灯光总值、植被覆盖率、城市化水平构建了适用于主体功能区的碳排放核算模型,运用探索性空间数据分析、Dagum基尼系数和时间倾向率等方法,分析了主体功能区碳排放时空特征、碳排放区域差异并评价碳减排成效。结果表明:(1)从时间趋势来看,2006—2020年各主体功能区碳排放量呈现逐年增长的趋势,其增长率均表现为重点开发区域(48.08%)>农产品主产区(38.13%)>重点生态功能区(33.95%)的特征,与各区域的功能定位和产业结构显著相关。(2)从空间演变来看,主体功能区的空间集聚特征与山西省“两山夹一川”的独特地势相关。重点开发区域空间集聚格局较为稳定,集中在山西省中部,而农产品主产区、重点生态功能区的集聚特征不显著,分布在东部和西部。(3)碳排放区域差异分析表明山西省碳排放地区间总体差异呈现下降趋势,总体基尼系数由2006年的0.505下降到2020年的0.498,年均下降0.102%,重点开发区域和重点生态功能区之间的差异是总体差异的主要来源。(4)碳减排效果评价显示主体功能区碳排放强度均呈现下降趋势,重点开发区域的碳减排成效显著高于农产品主产区和重点生态功能区。基于对主体功能区碳排放的分析,结合其功能定位,针对性地提出主体功能区减排和低碳发展措施。本文为我国能源资源型省份制定和实施差异化节能减排政策提供了科学参考。

2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析

河西走廊是我国人类活动最密集的干旱地区,明晰河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动机制有助于缓解地区国土空间开发保护矛盾。采用空间转换矩阵、景观格局指数、最优参数地理探测器等方法,从“量变”“形变”2个维度定量研究2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局时空演变特征及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)河西走廊城镇空间、农业空间以及其他生态空间持续扩张,绿色生态空间剧烈减少了2758.87 km^(2),国土空间开发程度不断提高的同时生态保护效果尚不显著。(2)国土空间主导转换类型是生态空间内部“荒漠-绿地”交互演变,不同主体功能区中交叉转换规模差异显著。伴随国土空间交叉转换,其景观格局呈现出破碎化、分散化、复杂化演变特征。(3)河西走廊国土空间格局演变受到多维度影响因子驱动,其中“量变”过程受到的驱动作用包括国家政策指引、自然地理支撑、交通区位约束和社会经济催化,而“形变”则是以自然地理为基础,在交通区位和社会经济的影响下进一步发生演化。

主体功能区视角下山东省国土空间格局演变及驱动因素分析

从主体功能区视角判读国土空间格局时空演变是完善和落实主体功能区战略以及协调国土空间资源配置的重要抓手。该文以“主体功能”为标尺,运用空间转换矩阵、随机森林回归模型、最优参数地理探测器等方法定量分析2000—2020年山东省国土空间格局演变及驱动因素,结果表明:①研究期内山东省城镇空间剧烈扩张、生态空间稳步增加,农业空间大规模缩减,各主体功能区内国土空间格局不断向其主体功能定位演变;②农业空间转城镇、生态空间是山东省主导交叉转换类型,邻近中心城市的农产品主产区中城镇空间大规模退化为农业空间,沿湖沿海重点生态功能区中“填湖造田”“围海造地”导致“由水转地”演变现象显著;③国土空间格局演变受社会经济政策、自然地理交通因素的综合驱动,主体功能区战略、政府财政投入、重大土地工程和第一、二产业发展诉求等因素尤其关键,不同因素对不同类型空间转换的驱动作用存在显著差异。

主体功能区视角下的滇中城市群人口-经济-资源环境时空耦合分析

[目的]探析人口、经济和资源环境三者之间协调及发展水平状况,阐明各县耦合协调关系及影响因素,为主体功能区规划实施提供有力支撑。[方法]基于2010年、2015年、2020年滇中城市群的自然、经济及人文数据,从主体功能区视角建立人口-经济-资源环境耦合协调发展评价指标体系。运用序关系分析法(G1)与熵权法(EW)确定综合权重,通过耦合协调度模型度量各县耦合协调关系,定量分析了2010年、2015年、2020年滇中城市群人口-经济-资源环境耦合协调演变状况,探析其发展规律。[结果](1)3个时段内,研究区人口在县域尺度呈空间正相关关系,且空间聚集性逐渐增强,呈现西部低人口密度聚集和中部高人口密度聚集态势且常年稳定;(2)2010—2020年,人口、经济和资源环境三者之间的耦合协调度综合发展水平有微弱提升,严重失调的协调类型逐渐消除,濒临失调占比46.94%成为最主要的协调类型;(3)人口、经济和资源环境两两耦合协调分布不均,其中2020年人口-经济综合耦合协调指数最低为0.4543,协调度水平时空分布与三系统协调评价结果吻合度是两两耦合协调评价中最高的,对人口-经济-资源环境耦合协调评价结果影响最大;(4)在主体功能区划实施前后,国家重点开发区两两耦合协调水平变化显著,人口-经济-资源环境整体耦合协调水平较低且有倒退趋势,省级重点开发区长期稳定可控;(5)研究区的人口、经济和资源环境三者之间存在较强的相互作用关系,但协调性在一定程度上处于制约状况。[结论]高耦合协调性主要依赖于人口对市县区经济的带动作用。重点开发区的有效实施必须抓好人口与经济协同发展,人口和经济协调是未来优化主体功能区的重点方向。

宁夏中部干旱带青贮玉米品种综合评价

为了筛选适合宁夏中部干旱带地区种植的青贮玉米品种,试验将15个青贮玉米品种于2021年5月3日播种,采取随机区组排列,每个品种3个重复,每个小区面积为24 m^(2)(4 m×6 m),共45个小区。采用滚轮式播种机播种,播种深度为4~5 cm,株距为25 cm,行距为50 cm,种植密度约为80 000株/hm^(2)。生育期滴灌补充水分,全年施磷酸二铵135 kg/hm^(2)、尿素600 kg/hm^(2),人工除草2次。9月6日统一测定各品种相关指标后收获。收获后对15个青贮玉米品种的农艺性状、产量性状、营养成分指标和相对饲喂价值(RFV)进行测定,并采用主成分分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明:15个品种平均株高为203.61 cm,其中对照品种(正大12)株高为182.23 cm;平均鲜草产量为72.60 t/hm^(2),其中品种大唐13、屯玉168的鲜草产量分别为90.90 t/hm^(2)、89.43 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他品种及对照品种(P<0.05)。除了大唐13干物质含量为29.71%外,其余品种干物质含量均>30.00%,其中新引KXA4574的干物质含量最高,达37.21%。淀粉含量最高的品种为润丰1602,达42.53%;粗蛋白含量最高的品种为新引KXA4574,达8.69%。屯玉168的中性洗涤纤维含量最低,相对饲喂价值(RFV)最高。前5个主成分的累计贡献率达到了88.673%,隶属函数值排名前两位的品种依次为大唐13、屯玉168。说明大唐13、屯玉168在该区域综合表现突出,可作为优质青贮玉米品种推广种植。

基于遥感影像数据的关闭矿井功能性分区规划

为探究关闭矿井功能性分区规划方法,以新谢矿区为研究对象,基于多期卫星遥感影像获取研究区土地利用现状,采取热点空间聚类方法及PLUS预测模型预测2025年研究区热点区域及土地利用空间分布。发现新谢矿区水体扩张变化显著,热点区域为水体类型,耕地为不变化区域,冷点区域以林地和草地类型零星斑块状分布。基于预测结果、土地利用现状调查结果与矿山地质环境问题分布特点,将新谢矿区划分为5个功能性分区大区,分别为Ⅰ区水体和林地功能提升区、Ⅱ区塌陷水域和农业用地功能提升区、Ⅲ区水体和耕地及湿地景观用地功能提升区、Ⅳ区水体和农业用地功能提升区、Ⅴ区水体和农业用地功能提升区;并针对各功能性分区提出治理提升方案和用地建议。

聊城市水环境承载现状及纳污能力分析

文章以聊城市水域情况为典范,论述了实施污染物排放限额制度的重要性,阐明确立各水域污染容量控制界限的主旨及其要点,评估了该市各水功能区的水质现状。基于污染负荷评估的标准和流程,确定了各个水功能区的纳污能力,计算出它们在特定年份的污染物总承载量,并对聊城市各水功能区的环境承载力状况进行了深入分析。最后,就实行污染物总量控制提出建议措施。

内蒙古自治区重点生态功能区生态系统类型转换对土壤风蚀的影响

[目的]内蒙古自治区重点生态功能区是中国北方生态安全重要屏障。揭示该区生态系统类型转换及对土壤风蚀的影响,为促进该区生态环境安全与绿色发展提供科学参考。[方法]基于土地利用、气象和基础地理信息等数据,采用修正的土壤风蚀方程模型,揭示内蒙古地区重点生态功能区生态系统类型与土壤风蚀的时空变化特征,并剖析生态系统类型转换及其对土壤风蚀的影响。[结果](1)2000—2022年内蒙古地区重点生态功能区内生态系统间转换强烈,生态系统类型转换总面积6019.59 km^(2),以草地与荒漠以及耕地与林草的相互转化为主,2015年之后生态系统趋向稳定,各类生态系统动态变化强度降低;(2)内蒙古地区重点生态功能区平均土壤风蚀模数为56.39 t/hm^(2),按土壤风蚀量由大到小为荒漠、草地、农田和森林生态系统,土壤风蚀程度以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,主要分布在大小兴安岭森林生态功能区和科尔沁草原生态功能区等区域;(3)内蒙古地区重点生态功能区各类生态系统类型之间的转换造成土壤风蚀量净减少了1.08×10^(8)t,生态退耕、耕地开垦、草地质量提升、荒漠化防治和建设用地扩展造成土壤风蚀模数分别减少了0.11,0.23,0.66,0.84,0.68 t/hm^(2)。[结论]应加强巩固内蒙古重点生态功能区的生态治理成效,避免复垦与新开荒事件发生,促进内蒙古地区荒漠化综合防治及高质量发展。

中国干旱区水资源管理制度的结构优化与体系完善——基于结构功能分析方法

中国水资源总量丰富,但目前仍存在人均水资源占有量较低、水资源时空分布不均等问题,这些问题在干旱区更为明显。中国目前正实行最严格水资源管理制度,尽管该制度发挥了一定成效,但仍无法有效解决干旱区面临的水资源难题。从制度层面出发,运用结构-功能分析方法,归纳总结并分析中国干旱区涉及的水资源管理政策法律文件。分析结果表明:①中国干旱区水资源管理制度存在规范水资源利用行为、提高水资源利用效率的正功能和推动节水技术创新、促进可持续发展的潜正功能,以及水资源分配可能导致权力固化和供需不平衡,管理制度会增加企业和个人成本负担的潜负功能。②中国干旱区水资源管理制度存在纵向的立法规范结构约束、横向的水资源管理制度结构约束以及横纵结合的职权分配结构约束。进一步分析表明,产生上述结构约束的原因在于水资源管理立法纵向残缺、水资源管理制度横向配置局限以及水资源管理制度运行中的责任分配不明,由此导致节水领域制度落实困难、水资源分配不合理以及再生水利用效率偏低、水资源管理主体职责交叉重叠的问题,制约水资源管理制度体系的运行。因此,针对上述问题,应当制定专门性节水立法、完善干旱区水资源管理制度和明确水资源管理的责权分配,以期达到优化中国干旱区水资源管理制度的结构障碍及制度缺陷,消除其潜负功能的效果。