Detection and Analysis of Lead,Cadmium and Arsenic Content in Common Vegetables

This study was carried out to detect content of heavy metals( Pb,Cd,and As) in vegetables,understand the current situation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables,and to provide scientific reference for further researches. It randomly selected 6 large vegetable markets and 6 supermarkets in Changsha City,selected 8 types of typical vegetables,and detected 96 samples. In accordance with maximum level of contaminants in foods in existing GB2762- 2012 standard,Nemerow composite pollution index( Pt) and grading standards,it made evaluation: uncontaminated( Pt≤ 1),mildly contaminated( 1 < Pt≤2),moderately contaminated( 2 < Pt≤3),and highly contaminated( Pt>3). Among 96 samples,range of content of Pb,Cd and As is( 0. 06- 1. 41),( 0. 06- 1. 26) and( 0. 00- 0. 91) mg / kg respectively; the over- limit rate of these metals exceeding the safety level is 78. 13%,45. 83%,and 34. 38% separately; the composite pollution index is in( 0. 90-6. 05),the eggplant is 6. 05 and hot pepper is 3. 24; the content of Pb( F =23. 908,P =0. 001) and Cd( F =64. 908,P =0. 000)are significantly different between 8 types of vegetables and there is no significant difference between the content of As( F = 4. 634,P = 0. 705> 0. 05) in 8 types of vegetables. Study shows that common vegetables in Changsha City has problem of excess Pb,Cd and As,and the Pb over- limit rate is the highest. The composite pollution index indicates that most heavy metal contamination of vegetables is mild and moderate contamination,melon,fruit and vegetable contamination is high contamination,and Cd is the major factor leading to contamination of melons,fruits and vegetables.

Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead by Brassica juncea Parents and Their F1 Hybrids

Although Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) is reported to be a good accumulator of metals, little is known of the selected varieties of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11). This paper investigates the phytoaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium and lead by B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11) parents and F1 hybrids. The experiment was conducted in the hydroponic media in the greenhouse of University of Southampton under a Randomised Block Design. Sodium arsenite, cadmium sulphate and lead nitrate with 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm were used. The cadmium treated plants were analysed by Varian Atomic absorption spectrophotometer-200. The samples of arsenic and lead were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer. The results suggest that arsenic was detected only in the root systems while cadmium and lead were detected both in the root and shoot systems. Significant differences in the uptake were observed for different concentrations. Accumulation of arsenic was detected only in the root systems of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11) at lower concentrations. Hence, this can be used as an agriculturally viable and efficient phytoaccumulator in the arsenic affected areas where contamination level is low and the contamination occurs at the rooting level.

Association between Autism and Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, Manganese Levels in Hair and Urine

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by stereotypic/repetitive behavior, impaired communication, imagination and social interactions. Recently, studies have investigated the possible association between the etiology of autism and potential roles of various environmental agents, especially heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to examine levels of toxic metals in hair and urine samples of an autistic child. The levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic and manganese in hair and urine of this child were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and compared with those of healthy children who had bee n assessed in previous studies. The autistic child had higher hair levels of lead （0.80 μg/g vs. 0.01 μg/g）, cadmium （0.083 μg/g vs. 0.06 μg/g） and arsenic （0.09 μg/g vs. 0.06 μg/g）. Urine levels of lead （12.54 μg/L vs. 3.36 μg/L） and cadmium （3.24 μg/L vs. 0.53μg/L） were higher than those of controls; whereas arsenic levels in urine were lower （6.81 μg/L vs. 32.06 μg/L）. Hair and urine samples of this autistic child contained lower concentrations of manganese （0.12 μg/g and 0.028 μg/g） as compared to healthy children （0.41 μg/L and 4.81μg/L）. In conclusion, our study demonstrated elevation in the levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic in a child with autism.

Assessment of Bacteriological and Metallic Contamination (Pb, Cd, As) and Analysis of Toxicological Risks in Houin Logbo (Lake Toho) in the Municipality of Lokossa

Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants for ecosystems, especially aquatic ecosystems, because of their concentration in certain living organisms and their presence in the food chain. This study aims to evaluate the bacteriological, metallic (Pb, Cd, As) and toxicological risks associated with houin logbo (toho lake) in the municipality of Lokossa. The results obtained concern everyone: Toho lake is contaminated by Escherichia coli and faecal enterococci, concerning the evaluation of the metallic contamination we have: water (Pb: 0.1032, Cd: 0. 046, As: 0);sediment (Pb: 14.79, Cd: 1.27, As: 0.800);Oreochromis niloticus (Pb: 0.143, Cd: 0.087, As: 0.466);soils (Pb: 8.528, Cd: 2.755, As: 0.833);Solanum lycopersicum (Pb: 0.098, Cd: 0.066, As: 0). Consumption of lake fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and market garden produce (Solanum lycopersicum) exposes populations, especially children, to the risk of As and Cd poisoning.

Analysis of Some Elements and Speciated Compounds in Fish Found in the New Calabar River of the Niger Delta Area,Nigeria

The flesh of guinean and blackchin tilapia,and mullet found in Choba river were collected for elemental studies of mercury,cadmium,lead,arsenic,nickel and speciated forms.Analytical method of X-ray fluorescence(XRF)was used for the elemental studies while Gas chromatographymass spectrometer(GC-MS)was used for the speciated forms.4.3 mg/kg was the highest concentration of cadmium observed in blackchin tilapia.The three fish species all contained about 0.5 mg/kg of arsenic and 1 mg/kg of mercury.1.7 mg/kg of lead was detected in mullet while 7.3 mg/kg of nickel was detected in blackchin tilapia.Organometallic compounds found were nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl in guinean tilapia,nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl and germanium(iv)pthalocyanine dichloride in blackchin tilapia and[μ-(ƞ6-benzene)]bis(ƞ5-2,4-cyclopentadien-yl)di-μ-hydrodi-vanadium.Borane carbonyl was found in mullet.

江西省市售不同类别代用茶中水分含量及重金属污染状况分析

目的了解江西省市售花类、叶类、根茎类和果(实)类代用茶中水分含量及铅、砷、镉、汞等重金属污染状况。方法在江西省全省范围内采集250份代用茶,对每份样品进行水分、铅、总砷、镉和汞的检验,按照GH/T 1091—2014《代用茶》判定是否合格。结果代用茶的水分超标率为38.8%,其中主要为叶类代用茶(占16.8%);各类别代用茶中果(实)类中的水分含量最高,中位数为13.2%。250份样品的重金属元素中汞的检出率最低(55.2%),铅均合格(<5.0 mg/kg),镉和总砷的超标率分别为11.6%和3.6%。不同类别代用茶中铅、总砷、镉和汞的检测结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论叶类和果(实)类代用茶的水分相比其他类别代用茶易超标,叶类代用茶中铅和总砷污染水平较高,而花类和根茎类代用茶中的镉污染水平较高。在今后制定统一的食品安全标准限度方面中应重点关注。

南通地区部分稻谷中铅、镉、铬及无机砷的污染状况分析

目的:测定南通地区部分稻谷中铅、镉、铬及无机砷含量,为安全食用提供依据。方法:采用微波消解处理样品,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、液相色谱-原子荧光谱仪进行测定,并根据GB 2762-2017国家标准,采用单因子污染指数法和重金属综合污染指数法进行评价。结论:两个地区40份稻谷普遍存在重金属污染,且铬污染较严重。

基于能量色散XRF光谱的土壤重金属As与Pb同时定量分析方法

针对能量色散XRF光谱难以实现土壤重金属Pb与As的同时准确定量检测问题,基于Pb元素Lα、Lβ及As元素Kα、Kβ的谱峰特性,提出了一种能量色散XRF光谱土壤重金属As与Pb同时定量分析方法。该方法通过构建不同浓度Pb元素Lα与Lβ特征峰强度关系,根据实测样品Pb元素Lα与As元素Kα重叠峰强度信息,准确解析Pb元素Lα及As元素Kα特征峰强度,基于已建立的定量分析曲线实现土壤样品中Pb与As的准确反演。通过对不同浓度Pb与As共存土壤样品定量检测,相比ICP-MS测量结果,本文方法对20.25~844.84mg·kg-1重金属Pb检测的相对误差在0.86%~11.09%之间,平均相对误差为6.17%;对26.99~825.93mg·kg-1重金属As检测的相对误差在0.10%~14.72%之间,平均相对误差为8.11%,实现了Pb与As共存土壤中Pb与As含量的同时准确定量分析,为发展土壤重金属现场快速XRF精准检测设备提供了方法。

光谱法测定农产品中铅镉铬汞砷的一次性消解方法

为了缩减检测用时与降低综合成本,对农产品中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷的检测方法进行改进,对检测条件进行优化和协调试验,探索一次性消解定容同时检测5种重金属元素的可行性。通过理论分析和试验研究,参考国标方法和成熟文献上的方法,消解用酸中加入盐酸和高氯酸,消解前120℃预消解30 min,消解赶酸后加入20 g/L硫脲+50 g/L抗坏血酸溶液转移定容,铅、镉检测加入磷酸二氢铵基体改进剂,砷、汞同时检测。通过条件取舍与优化,达到使用原子吸收(AAS)和原子荧光(AFS)同时检测的目的。检测标准物质和标准溶液,测定值均在其1倍不确定度范围内,准确度良好,相对标准偏差均小于20%,精密度良好。改进方法检测结果较准确,操作简便,适用于利用AAS和AFS对农产品中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷的测定。

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铅冶炼工作场所空气中的铊砷镉等有害元素

针对铅冶炼工作场所空气中的铊、砷、镉等的含量的快速检测难题,利用升级改造后电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,通过使用微孔滤膜收集空气中烟尘,采用高氯酸、硝酸进行消解溶样,配制铊、砷、镉等标准溶液,使用ICP-AES仪器进行铊、砷、镉谱线的选择和干扰校正,能够实现一次溶样,同时完成多种重金属有害元素测定,方法准确快捷,试验研究加标回收率在98%~103%之间,铊、砷、镉的检出限分别达到0.001 5μg/mL、0.002 1μg/m、0.000 1μg/mL等,很好地满足了企业对空气中有害元素快速检测需求。

84%王铜水分散粒剂中镉、铅、砷分析方法研究

本文采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法,测定84%王铜水分散粒剂中镉、铅、砷的含量。以空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法,于228.8 nm波长处,测定镉含量,于283.3 nm波长处测定铅含量;以氩气—砷空心阴极灯原子荧光光谱法测定砷含量。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数分别为0.99482、0.99986、0.99737,标准偏差为0.039、0.18、0.0052,变异系数为5.3%、5.6%、3.2%,平均回收率分别为98.2%、94.5%、101.9%。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度、精密度和准确度高,适用于镉、铅、砷的定量分析。

HPLC与ICP-MS联用测定腌制水产品中镉、铅和砷

通过HPLC与ICP-MS联用方法,对三种腌制水产品中的镉、铅及不同种类的砷进行分析,并利用经认证的参考物质验证加标回收试验。结果表明,镉、铅及不同种类的砷的标准曲线在0.0107~2.1500mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,加标平均回收率为91.8%~95.7%。在不同种类的砷测试中,砷甜菜碱的含量最多(范围为0.233~2.480 mg/kg),未检测出无机砷(As^(3+)与As^(5+))。此外,海洋生物中高含量的砷甜菜碱表明砷在生物体内富集。

砷、镉、铅复合污染场地修复实例研究

通过对该项目的研究,分析重金属污染场地修复工程的全流程。分析固化稳定化修复砷、镉、铅复合污染土壤的工程实例。确认固化稳定化修复重金属污染土壤的原理是通过固化稳定化药剂与重金属进行物理化学反应生产难溶物质固定在土壤中防止其浸出,降低其危害,但并没有完全消除危害,需配合阻隔填埋、长期监测和场地管控措施综合使用。同时,对不同固化稳定化药剂选择,确认一种商品化的药剂,对此项目的长期研究可以评估此药剂的长期效果,为类似其他项目的选用提供相应工程技术和药剂固化效果参考。

粗铅冶炼过程中砷镉铊的走向分布及治理措施

在粗铅冶炼工艺中,铅精矿和其他含铅物料中的砷、镉、铊分布于各工序环节,不利于有价金属资源的回收,而且加大了冶炼废弃物的处理难度,另外还对人体健康和环境造成负面影响。现有文献对于砷、镉、铊在粗铅冶炼过程中的分布及趋向还未见报道,本文根据某冶炼企业实际生产情况,统计了2021年及2022年分别为期14d的两套物料平衡数据,对砷、镉、铊在各冶炼工序的分布进行了分析,得到以下结论。砷的分布情况:在底吹炉工序中,约85%砷进入高铅渣,约9%砷进入烟灰,约6%砷进入硫酸净化污酸系统;在还原炉工序,约70%以上砷形成铅铜锍进入粗铅,约20%砷进入还原炉烟灰,10%以下的砷通过还原渣进入烟化炉。镉、铊的分布情况:高度富集于底吹炉和侧吹炉烟灰中,其中底吹炉烟灰中富集比例为85%~95%,只有5%~15%进入高铅渣转至还原炉工序,极少部分进入硫酸系统。企业采用开路底吹炉烟尘方式减少粗铅冶炼系统中砷、镉、铊的含量,开路标准是烟尘含镉超过20%时从收尘系统开路,当烟尘含镉低于15%停止开路,取出的烟尘可直接作为回收镉的原料外售。本文分析结果及解决方法可为同类企业控制冶炼系统中砷镉铊的分布提供参考。

南宁市米粉污染物监测情况分析

目的:为了了解南宁市米粉食品安全现状,分析南宁市干湿米粉镉、铅、总砷、含铝添加剂和二氧化硫超标及检出情况,为食品安全风险监测、评估、预警提供科学依据。方法:2020—2023年按照《广西食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的要求随机抽样,采集317份样品。按照《广西食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》相应的操作程序和规定标准进行检测。结果:所采集的米粉中镉、铅、总砷的超标率分别为0.64%、0.32%、0.43%,含铝添加剂、二氧化硫的检出率分别为14.88%、7.18%。结论:南宁市米粉受镉、铅、总砷污染较轻,未受到含铝添加剂污染,可能存在二氧化硫摄入过量的风险。建议继续关注米粉中镉、铅、砷、二氧化硫的污染情况。

A study of differential potentiometric stripping analysis for lead and cadmium with Nafion coated carbon fibre electrode

The differential potentiometric stripping analysis (DPSA) with Nafion coated carbon fibre electrode has been studied, and a method to determine lead and cadmium in urine directly has been attempted. The effect of various experimental parameters on the DPSA response is discussed. The experimental conditions include 0.2M sodium perchlorate, deposition potential of-1.0 or -1.1 V and using 20 ppm mercuric ion as oxidizing agent. The response of the signal is in linear relation with the concentrations of lead and cadmium respectively up to 0.5 ppm. The electrode coated with Nafion film alleviates the interference from organics in urine samples.

Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals through Aquatic Products in China

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of cumulative exposure to Pb,Cd,Hg,and iAs through aquatic products consumed by Chinese people.Methods Heavy metal concentration data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program during 2013–2017.Consumption data were derived from the China National Food Consumption Survey in 2014 and the relative potency factor(RPF)method was used to estimate cumulative exposure for neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Results The results demonstrated that the cumulative exposure based on neurotoxicity was below the lower confidence limit on benchmark doses of lead(BMDL01)for nephrotoxicity and the cumulative exposures were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)of Cd.However,the margin of exposure values(MOEs)of the cumulative exposures for neurotoxicity in the 2–6 year-old group was close to 1 and the cumulative exposure level for nephrotoxicity accounted for 90.21%of the PTMI.Conclusion The cumulative exposures of the 2–6 year-old group to the four heavy metals did not reach(but came close to)the corresponding safety threshold for both neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Given that there are still other food sources of these four heavy metals,it is necessary to more closely study their cumulative health effects.

Quality of Potable Water Available to the Residents of Anambra State, Nigeria

Public pipe-borne water system had collapsed in Anambra state of Nigeria, for over fifteen years, challenging the residents of the state to resort to alternative sources of potable water, notably, boreholes. It is imperative to continuously assess the quality of the water. In this work, two boreholes each in nineteen communities, one from Aguluzigbo, in three local government areas?(Anaocha, Awka-North, Awka-South) in the state were sampled, and tested for pH, Conductivity, Hardness, Total Suspended Solids, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Bacteria and Yeast loads. The water samples were all soft and mostly acidic. While there were not much threats of yeast, the aerobic bacteria counts were above the acceptable limits. The Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium concentrations were above the tolerable limits in most communities in Anaocha and Awka-South. Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium were absent in all the samples in Awka-North except in four communities where Cadmium was present. Suspended solid contents were also high in all the Local Government Areas. Overall, the quality of the water consumed by the people in the selected population calls to question?of?the water and sanitation component of the public health system.

铅、镉同位素在重金属污染源解析中的应用--基于CiteSpace计量分析

为了解铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)同位素在重金属污染源解析应用方面的研究进展及未来发展势态,以Web of Science核心数据库中2008-2021年的相关文献为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对文献进行可视化分析。结果表明:2008-2021年国际上本研究领域的英文发文数量呈波动增长趋势,2015年后文献量增长幅度较大。在此期间,国际上本领域的研究大致划分为2个时期:2008-2014年,研究焦点侧重于工业、采矿、冶炼等行业的重金属污染状况研究,主要涉及大气、水体和沉积物(湖泊、水库和河流)等介质的重金属污染源解析;2015-2021年,研究焦点逐渐转向重金属与人体健康领域,重点关注土壤及农作物重金属的污染源解析、食品安全和人体健康风险评价等问题。总体上,Pb、Cd同位素在重金属污染源解析应用方面的研究由单一同位素解析、单一环境介质应用向多同位素联合解析、多介质应用方向发展。

2021年新疆部分地区谷物和肉类中重金属污染情况分析

目的:对2021年新疆8个地区谷物和肉类中重金属含量进行检测,分析这两类食品重金属污染和分布情况。方法:采集谷物和肉类样品共80份,依据GB 5009.268—2016检测重金属As、Pb、Cd的含量,按照样本种类和不同地区分析重金属污染水平。结果:克州地区样品中As含量平均值最高(0.0262 mg·kg^(-1)),和田地区次之;阿克苏地区样品中Pb含量平均值最高(0.0874 mg·kg^(-1)),克州地区次之;和田地区样品中Cd含量平均值最高(0.0139 mg·kg^(-1)),昌吉州次之。全疆谷物和肉类中各元素污染指数均<1。结论:新疆谷物与肉类食品中3种重金属元素含量均低于国家标准限值,属轻度污染。南疆地区重金属含量偏高,应加强监测,保障人们的食品安全。