To Uplift the Profitability of Marginal Lands by Cassava Cultivation

Expanding the utilization of marginal land resources in rural areas is regarded as a significant supplement for the sustainable development of modern agriculture for its yield, economic and ecological good. Marginal areas, due to their natural limitations, are only productive for energy crops with strong resistance and tolerance. Cassava, in its longstanding cultivation practices, has marked its adaptability in tropical and subtropical regions. Farmers are allowed to improve reclaimed soils’ fertility, while plants’ canopy coverage could reduce soil erosion. Besides, cassava tubers to be produced as food or fodder can be counted as soil productivity. Breeding advanced cassava varieties on marginal land under proper intensification management and facilitating policies can indeed increase farmers’ income. Some of the projects implemented outside of China speak quite well on that. Additionally, intercropping modes for cassava bring higher incomes than monocropping mode, which simultaneously improves the ecosystem structure and soil conditions. The interspecific cooperation brought by the intercropping pattern has its buffering function and antagonistic effects to counter against plant diseases, pest attacks and weed infestations. It performs as a natural alternative for pesticides and fertilizers with minimal inputs and safe and productive outputs. Although a complete cassava industrial chain has been formed nationwide, there are still challenges like the inadequate use of marginal areas and risks triggered by unfavorable climate, changeable commodity markets, and the composition of the labor force. However, there will still be ample room for further growth of cassava, for recent years have witnessed the acceleration in the circulation of rural land management rights and the stratification of Chinese farmers, which gives an impetus to household management’s dominance as well as the improvements of rural social welfare systems for the overall agricultural efficiency.

Economic Analysis Study of Agricultural and Solar Complementary System

Agro-photovoltaic complementary system(APCS)is an innovative land use model combining agricultural production with photovoltaic power generation,aiming to realize dual land use and improve land use efficiency and economic benefits by installing photovoltaic panels on farmland.With the growth of global energy demand and the intensification of climate change,agro-photovoltaic(APV)systems have received widespread attention as a sustainable energy solution.Studies have shown that agro-photovoltaic systems exhibit significant economic benefits in different regions and crop types.Through reasonable system design and optimization,the agricultural and photovoltaic complementary system is not only technically feasible,but also has significant economic advantages,which provides a strong support for achieving the goal of sustainable development.

Identification of Heterogeneity of Social and Economic Environment of Land Uses in China

The robust principal component analysis （RPCA） is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses （SEELU）. RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.

Economical Analysis of Flexible Machining

From the point of view of market economy, aiming at the flexible machiningproblem,this paper discusses how to determine the maximum profit-orientedoptimum preduction quantity, optimum cutting speed and optimum price underthe condition of single machines,single type of product and limited resources.

The Ecological Effects of Young Elm Trees Belt-Pumpkin Strip Intercropping System at the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China

Young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping was studied to solve the actual problem of resource losses in the large barren area resulted from reconverting cultivated land into forest in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China. The final objective was to realize effective utilization of the barren land with both ecological improvement and economic development. Field experiments were conducted together with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil moisture level was remarkably increased in young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intereropping because the pumpkin vines covered the gap between pumpkin planting-furrow and elm trees belt. The water use efficiency of the intercropping system was increased by 23.7-163.3% as compared with the single cropping. Elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-furrow. The annual grasses become the dominant vegetation. The nutritive value as fodder and yield of the annual grasses were also increased remarkably. The biomass of pumpkin, elm trees and grasses under intercropping increased by 24.4, 28.4 and 144.4%, respectively, as compared with those under single cropping. The land use efficiency was increased by 132%. It was also indicated that the soil erosion from the intercropping land was not increased due to pumpkin plantation. The differences in the soil erosion among intercropped area, elm trees belt and pumpkin strip with single cropping were not remarkable. Therefore, it was concluded that young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping is an effective way to utilize the barren land between the young elm trees belt and realize synergistic enhancement of ecological benefit and economic profit.

Agro-Economic Implications of Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Maize

Continuous cultivation without adequate fertilizer application is responsible for plant nutrient depletion and yield decline of major food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Field experiments were conducted on umbric Cambisol in Babungo and ustic Oxisol in Bansoa in the Western Highlands of Cameroon over two years to evaluate the effects of combined application of leaf biomass of agroforestry species and mineral fertilizers with their economic returns on maize yield performance. Ten treatments encompassing sole mineral fertilizer, sole leaf biomass of Calliandra, Leucaena, Acacia and Cassia, leaf biomasses combined with mineral fertilizer and absolute control were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data collected on maize grain yield was subjected to analysis of variance using XLSTAT version 2014 statistical software. In addition, an economic analysis was performed to evaluate the profitability of the different treatment combinations. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) amongst the different treatments on maize yield on both soil types. The highest maize yields which stood at 5.93 t/ha and 6.01 t/ha were recorded in plots treated with Acacia and Cassia plus half recommended mineral fertilizer on umbric Cambisol and ustic Oxisol respectively. Economic analyses showed that Acacia and Cassia plus half recommended mineral fertilizer gave the highest net benefit and return to labor of 286500 FCFA and 5.1 on umbric Cambisol and 296051 FCFA and 5.3 on ustic Oxisol respectively. On both soils, all the treatments except Calliandra with half recommended mineral fertilizers were economically profitable with benefit to cost ratios that ranged from 2.02 to 2.92. Combined application of agroforestry tree species leaf biomass and mineral fertilizers is an appropriate technology to enhance maize grain yield and is economically profitable except Calliandra with half recommended mineral fertilizers and is therefore recommended for degraded Calliandra and Oxisols in the Western Highlands of Cameroon.

Assessment of Non-chemical Alternatives for Controlling the Burrowing Nematode on Banana in Costa Rica

The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and Its Influencing Factors

Cultivated land pressure is often used to reflect the shortage of cultivated land resources. By using the methods of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index, coefficient of variation and cold-hot spot analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal differentiation pattern and dynamic change processes of cultivated land pressure in the counties of the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone from 2008 to 2017, and measures the factors which influence cultivated land pressure by using Principal Component Analysis. The results show that the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone has been in a “high pressure” state, and the Cultivated Land Pressure Index has been rising continuously from 2008 to 2017. The coefficient of variation of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and various prefecture-level cities is fluctuating and rising, which indicates that the overall spatial differences in the cultivated land pressure in this region are expanding and polarization is obvious. In addition, the area where the municipal district of the provincial capital city is located is the core area of urban development and also the area with the greatest cultivated land pressure. The spatial pattern of cultivated land pressure cold-hot spots in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone is obviously heterogeneous, in which the Pearl River Economic Zone is the main hot spot gathering area and the Xijiang Economic Zone is the main cold spot gathering area. Farmers’ income, investment in fixed assets, GDP, population and other socio-economic factors are the main factors driving the changes in the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone. Furthermore, farming production factors, such as the multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area,will also have an important impact on the changes in the cultivated land pressure.

Profit Showing Upward Trend The analysis of economic performance of China's cotton textile industry in first half 2010(Part A)

Output continued recovery China’s cotton textile industry saw a a slight slump in growth rate of cotton yarn production and cotton cloth production in the first half of 2010 comparedto the Jan.

Profit Showing Upward Trend The analysis of economic performance of China's cotton textile industry in first half 2010(Part B)

Profit turned positive According to data collected from 11,773 statistics-worthy Chinese cotton textile enterprises surveyed by National Bureau of Statistics of China,

The Decoupling Relationship between the Expansion of Urban Construction Land and Economic Growth in Jilin Province

In order to explore the relationship between urban construction land and economic development, this paper uses a decoupling model to analyze the decoupling relationship between expansion of urban construction land and economic growth in Jilin Province. The results show that from 2000 to 2015, the decoupling of urban construction land expansion and economic growth in Jilin province tended to be reasonable. The paper divides urban decoupling into three categories. The first type consists of ideal cities, including Liaoyuan and Baishan. The second type includes basic ideal cities like Changchun, Tonghua, Songyuan, Baicheng, and Yanbian. The third type consists of non-ideal cities, including Jilin and Siping. This paper puts forward relevant measures to promote the further decoupling of construction land expansion and economic growth in order to realize the sustainable use of land resources.

Explicating the mechanisms of land cover change in the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor region in the 21st century

Land cover change has presented clear spatial differences in the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor(NECBEC)region in the 21 st century.A spatiotemporal dynamic probability model and a driving force analysis model of land cover change were developed to analyze explicitly the dynamics and driving forces of land cover change in the NECBEC region.The results show that the areas of grassland,cropland and built-up land increased by 114.57 million ha,8.41 million ha and 3.96 million ha,and the areas of woodland,other land,and water bodies and wetlands decreased by 74.09 million ha,6.26 million ha,and 46.59 million ha in the NECBEC region between 2001 and 2017,respectively.Woodland and other land were mainly transformed to grassland,and grassland was mainly transformed to woodland and cropland.Built-up land had the largest annual rate of increase and 50%of this originated from cropland.Moreover,since the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)commenced in 2013,there has been a greater change in the dynamics of land cover change,and the gaps in the socio-economic development level have gradually decreased.The index of socio-economic development was the highest in western Europe,and the lowest in northern Central Asia.The impacts of socio-economic development on cropland and built-up land were greater than those for other land cover types.In general,in the context of rapid socio-economic development,the rate of land cover change in the NECBEC has clearly shown an accelerating trend since 2001,especially after the launch of the BRI in 2013.

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

基于自然-经济综合视角的碳排放强度与生态盈亏多情景模拟研究——以淮海经济区为例

生态盈亏与碳排放强度是衡量生态环境质量与经济发展水平的重要指标,分析两者时空关联并预测未来演进方向对提升区域生态环境质量健康水平具有指导作用。以淮海经济区为研究对象,以2000年、2010年和2020年3期土地利用数据为基础,运用PLUS模型、双变量自相关、耦合协调度及面板计量回归模型等方法,预测并分析淮海经济区2000—2036年3种情景下碳排放强度、生态盈亏的演化特征及时空关联。结果表明:(1)常规发展情景下,淮海经济区生态性呈下降趋势,强耕地保护情景下生态性微有下降,强生态保护情景下,生态性有所上升,自然要素是主导。(2)常规发展情景下,淮海经济区碳排放量逐渐加大,强耕地保护及强生态保护情景下,则呈下降趋势;三种状态下,碳排放强度均呈下降趋势,时间轴2010—2020年降幅较大,空间序河流水系地区碳排放强度降幅较大。(3)淮海经济区碳排放强度与生态盈亏呈负相关关系,低低和低高聚类主要分布在城镇建设用地周边,高低和高高聚类分布在人类干扰较少的自然区域;高高聚类主要位于河流水系交汇区,表明水域有效降低碳排放强度的功能。(4)淮海经济区的碳排放强度与生态盈亏之间的耦合协调度呈东西高、中部低的态势,高耦合协调度主要分布于低高聚类,即自然地区域,低耦合协调度主要分布于西部平原区;科学技术、经济发展水平及二产占比对耦合协调度呈正影响,城镇化率、道路密度呈负影响。研究认为,淮海经济区当前的土地利用方式,不利于区域环境质量的改善,建议进一步强化建设用地管控、大力推进高标准农田建设和水域保护,以耕地质量提升和水域保护加强提升粮食主产区环境质量健康水平。

近十年我国耕地保护政策的回顾与启示

文章回顾了2012—2022年我国发布的耕地保护政策,采取政策量化分析和内容分析相结合的方法,从耕地数量变化、耕地质量建设和生态保护三个方面进行研究。结果显示,近十年我国耕地保护政策不断完善和细化,但政策手段使用并不均衡;全国耕地数量趋稳并逐步回升,但也面临耕地总体质量不高、耕地生态建设和治理体系不完善等问题。在下一阶段制定耕地保护政策时,应科学利用法律、行政、经济、技术政策手段,充分发挥各政策手段的优势,特别是针对耕地质量建设和生态保护等问题,进一步从经济运行层面探讨经济手段的使用,引导社会力量参与;同时还要关注耕地涉及的社会经济高质量发展下的耕地阈值、不同主体的需求问题,并建立健全政策体系和制度需求者的反馈机制。

环塔里木经济带生态系统服务价值的时空演变及空间分异机制

基于环塔里木经济带1990年、2005年和2020年3期土地利用数据,分析土地利用变化特征、生态系统服务价值(ESV)时空变化,并在地理探测器工具的支撑下探究环塔里木经济带ESV的空间分异机制。结果表明,1990—2020年,研究区草地、水域和林地面积均减少,建设用地、耕地和未利用地面积均增加;从外围山地向中部盆地,ESV存在明显的波动式递减现象;ESV冷热点呈“外部呈环状热点散布、内部呈片状冷点聚集”的空间分布格局;环塔里木经济带ESV空间分异的主要驱动因素是未利用地占比、气象因子和高程,各因素间交互作用表现为增强关系,自然因素的解释力高于社会经济因素。

淮海经济区土地利用效率及其影响因素研究

土地利用效率研究有助于提升土地资源配置效率和实现可持续发展。基于淮海经济区10个地级市的土地要素投入和产出数据,采用数据包络模型量化评价土地利用效率,研究结果显示:淮海经济区的土地利用效率在波动中上升,时间上呈现出不同的发展态势,空间上土地利用效率较高的城市呈现沿区域发展轴分布的趋势;投入冗余和产出过量对土地利用效率产生负面影响;规模以上工业企业数量、工业化水平、政府干预程度和GDP对土地利用效率产生正向影响,而固定资产投资水平和污染程度产生负面影响。建议从产业协同发展、环境规制、减少土地要素冗余和分类引导四方面提升土地利用效率。

广西北部湾经济区土地利用碳排放与脱钩分析

基于2010—2020年土地利用数据、经济增长数据和能源消费数据,采用碳排放系数法和Tapio脱钩模型计算了广西北部湾经济区净碳排放总量,分析了与经济增长的脱钩关系。研究表明,广西北部湾经济区土地利用净碳排放量呈不断增长趋势,净碳排放量和碳排放强度总体呈东北高西南低的空间分布特征;与经济增长的关系在2015年和2020年处于扩张性负脱钩状态,其余年份处于弱脱钩状态,总体脱钩状态良好。

水利工程节约集约用地论证分析探讨

针对水利工程用地存在的问题,笔者根据建设项目节约集约用地论证分析的要求,结合水利工程的特点,介绍了节约集约用地论证分析的主要内容和分析要点,并对水利工程节约集约用地提出了建议,为推动节约集约用地在其他建设项目中的应用提供参考。

宅基地使用权流转制度改革的制度经济学解析

研究目的:以"外部利润——同意一致性——宅基地制度创新"为研究主线,对江都市宅基地流转进行制度诠释,探讨蕴含其中的理论价值和政策含义。研究方法:文献资料法、理论分析法、实证分析法。研究结果:宅基地使用制度的外部环境发生了变化,外部利润显著增加,宅基地使用权流转制度具有强烈的现实需求。宅基地使用权的流转不仅能够有效弥补现行农村土地制度的不足,壮大集体经济组织实力,而且能够实现地方政府、集体经济组织和农民的共赢,达到一致同意。研究结论:宅基地使用权流转制度改革是一种较优的政策选择。