ONE-WAY MULTIVARIATE REPEATED MEASUREMENTS ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE MODEL

The one-way multivariate repeated measurements analysis of variance (1-way MRM ANOVA) model for complete data and the sphericity test are studied.

Elemental and proximate analysis of coal by x-ray fluorescence assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Although laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),as a fast on-line analysis technology,has great potential and competitiveness in the analysis of chemical composition and proximate analysis results of coal in thermal power plants,the measurement repeatability of LIBS needs to be further improved due to the difficulty in controlling the stability of the generated plasmas at present.In this paper,we propose a novel x-ray fluorescence(XRF) assisted LIBS method for high repeatability analysis of coal quality,which not only inherits the ability of LIBS to directly analyze organic elements such as C and H in coal,but also uses XRF to make up for the lack of stability of LIBS in determining other inorganic ash-forming elements.With the combination of elemental lines in LIBS and XRF spectra,the principal component analysis and the partial least squares are used to establish the prediction model and perform multi-elemental and proximate analysis of coal.Quantitative analysis results show that the relative standard deviation(RSD) of C is 0.15%,the RSDs of other elements are less than 4%,and the standard deviations of calorific value,ash content,sulfur content and volatile matter are 0.11 MJ kg,0.17%,0.79% and 0.41%respectively,indicating that the method has good repeatability in determination of coal quality.This work is helpful to accelerate the development of LIBS in the field of rapid measurement of coal entering the power plant and on-line monitoring of coal entering the furnace.

基于Microsoft Excel表的有重复正交试验结果的方差分析

基于Microsoft Excel提供的常用函数、数学与三角函数以及统计函数的计算描述统计量,以本实验室大枣粗多糖热水浸提的L9(34)正交试验的测试结果为例,叙述了利用Microsoft Excel表开展有重复正交试验结果的方差分析的方法与步骤。本文建立的用EXCEL表进行方差分析的程序与方法可扩展应用到正交设计、随机区组设计、裂区设计等试验结果的统计分析中,在实际的研究与教学工作中具有快捷和方便运用的普遍意义。

Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Weedy Rice in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

Microsatellite markers and morphological characteristics were used to explore the genetic diversity and possible origin of weedy rice in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Fifty-two weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions were compared with two wild rice, four hybrid rice and five cultivars using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. A total of 107 fragments were amplified, averaging 5.6 alleles per primer pair. The polymorphic index content (PIC) values ranged from 0.3077 to 0.7951, averaging at 0.5870. The average genetic distance of all samples ranged from 0.02 to 0.46 with an average of 0.262. The genetic distance among Taizhou weedy rice ranged from 0.03 to 0.44 with an average of 0.224. Cluster analysis showed that all the weedy rice accessions from Taizhou City were indica, and could be subdivided into different genotypes. The majority (86%) of weedy rice was most closely related to hybrid rice. The Taizhou weedy rice accessions were morphologically similar, but still could be delineated into indica or japonica group by some morphological traits. It is suggested that the levels of genetic and morphological diversities of weedy rice in Taizhou City are low and these weedy rice plants originated from the segregating progenies of hybrid rice that had naturally introgressed with cultivated rice.

A Comparative Study of SSR Diversity in Chinese Major Rice Varieties Planted in 1950s and in the Recent Ten Years(1995-2004)

Forty pairs of SSR markers were used to compare the genetic diversity changes in 151 Chinese major rice varieties planted in 1950s and in the recent ten years. Of 40 SSR loci, 39 were found to be polymorphic while one locus （RM479） monomorphic. A total of 213 alleles were identified from the 39 polymorphic loci. The average number of alleles per locus （Na） was of 5.5, ranging from 2 to 11. Nei＇s gene diversity index （He） varied drastically among loci from 0.309 at RM174 to 0.869 at RM418, with an average value of 0.649. There existed significant difference in SSR allelic diversity between indica and japonica subspecies, and indica had more variation than japonica both in Na and He. By comparison with the genetic changes in Na and He, it was revealed that the varieties planted in 1950s had more alleles and higher He than those in the recent ten years both for indica and japonica rices. The difference between two subspecies for Na was significant in a tendency over time （indica： z = 2.677, P = 0.007; japonica： z = 3.441, P = 0.001）, but not significant for He （indica： z = 1.471, P = 0.141; japonica： z = 1.932, P = 0.053）. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that there existed significant difference （P 〈 0.05） in genetic variation between the two periods, of which more genetic variation was contributed by indica （Fst= 0.050） and japonica （Fst= 0.082） subsets. Using locus-by-locus AMOVA procedure, significant genetic differentiations were observed in 13 loci （RM21, RM128, RM147, RM169, RM190, RM221, RM231, RM251, RM253, RM317, RM341, RM418, and RM478） for indica varieties and 11 loci （RM101, RM135, RM152, RM159, RM169, RM190, RM251, RM253, RM311, RM418, and RM478） for japonica ones between the two periods. It was found some alleles had been lost in current major rice varieties as comparing with those in 1950s. Therefore, it should be necessary to exploit more alien elite genetic resources for extension of genetic background in current rice breeding program.

A Kind of Edge Detection Algorithm with Edge-Preserving Characteristics

Traditional Sobel algorithm is deeply influenced by Gaussian noise,therefore,before boundary extraction,mean filter should be done. But the filtering process is always over-smooth images'details of certain directions,so that images'edges will not be extracted correctly. Aiming at this problem,this paper puts forward a detection algorithm based on edge-preserving characteristics,by matching edge mould of different directions to definite edge preserving directions. Instead of the mean filter process,this algorithm improves the performance of traditional algorithms,and provides the simulation results. The experiment results prove that this algorithm preserves more images'edge information when canceling noise.

The Effect of Massage with Oils on the Growth of Term Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Aims: Infant massage could potentially benefit both physiological and psychological health. This study aims to determine the effect of massage with oils on the growth of full-term infants, which is given by their mothers. Study Design: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial which was conducted on full term infants visited in the nine Public Health Centers of Shahrekord, Iran in 2010. Material and Methods: This study included 217 infants. Inclusion criteria for the infants were age scale between 10 to 15 days, full term gestation, birth weight of 2500 grams at least, Apgar score of 7 or above, no resuscitation after the birth, exclusive breastfeeding during the study, medically stable condition without any need for drugs, nulliparous. The infants were randomized into four groups: massage with sunflower oil, massage with sesame oil, massage without oil, and no massage (control group). Massage was given by mothers twice a day for 4 weeks, starting from the 10 - 15th day of life. Weight and height were measured weekly. At last, Repeated Measures Analysis of Covariance was employed to analyze the data. Birth weight (height) as well as mean frequency of breastfeeding during the study was deemed as covariates. Results: The findings showed that the mean of weight and height was significantly different between groups over time, respectively (P = 0.005, P < 0.001). The infants’ mean weight in sunflower oil massage group increased significantly compared with other three groups (P = 0.005). In addition, infants’ height gain in sunflower and sesame oil massage group were significantly higher than message-only and control groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Massage with oil, especially sunflower oil is an inexpensive, simple, and effective intervention which improved weight and height gain in selected samples. Further studies are needed to evaluate the serious adverse effects, if any, to notify midwives and health care staff.

Early performance of Pinus radiata provenances in the earthquakeravaged dry river valley area of Sichuan, southwest China

A provenance experiment involving five native provenances and an Australian landrace of Pinus radiata （D. Don） was established over three sites in the dry river valley area of Sichuan, southwest China in 2004 in order to select the most suitable provenance for environmental planting on the dry, steep and degraded slopes to reduce soil erosion. Although with much lower soil moisture supply and mean minimum temperatures in winter compared to P. radiata provenance trials estab- lished elsewhere in the world, these sites are within the working limits of the species defined by previous climate modelling and matching. Be- cause of the difficult site conditions and severe natural disturbances after the experiment was established, mortality was high across the three sites in comparison to provenance trials in other countries.

Transfer of Global Measures of Dependence into Cumulative Local

We explore an idea of transferring some classic measures of global dependence between random variables Χ1, Χ2, L, Χn into cumulative measures of dependence relative at any point?(χ1, χ2, L, χn)?in the sample space. It allows studying the behavior of these measures throughout the sample space, and better understanding and use of dependence. Some examples on popular copula distributions are also provided.

“互联网+”延续性康复训练综合干预模式的构建及在抑郁症患者中的实证研究

目的:探讨“互联网+”延续性康复训练综合干预模式的构建对抑郁症患者干预效果。方法:采用随机对照试验研究,以2022年6月至2023年6月选取符合诊断抑郁症患者110例,随机分为试验组和等待对照组,等待对照组采用药物治疗、每月复查和电话随访,试验组在等待对照组的基础上采用“互联网+”药物自我管理训练、舞动训练和社交技能训练。采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社交技能评定目录(SSC)社会适应功能评估量表(SAFE)比较干预前及干预2、4、6月后两组患者抑郁程度、社交能力和社会适应的差异。采用重复测量方差分析对不同时间点两组患者进行干预效果比较。结果:干预前两组HAMD、SDS、SSC、SAFE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后组间与时间对HAMD、SDS、SSC、SAFE评分有交互作用(F=4.400,13.085,23.841,41.777;P<0.001),组间对HAMD、SDS、SSC、SAFE评分主效应显著(F=4040.373,3522.972,16452.039,151.544;P<0.001),时间对HAMD、SDS、SSC、SAFE评分主效应显著(F=69.345,100.620,69.874,221.385;P<0.001)。简单效应分析显示,试验组、等待对照组组内前后HAMD、SDS、SSC、SAFE评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.142,-6.313,-7.811,-18.903;P<0.008)。结论:“互联网+”延续性康复训练综合干预模式能减轻抑郁症患者抑郁程度,增强患者的社交能力,提高患者的社会适应水平。

雾天桥梁可变限速值的效用评估及优化

为改善高速公路桥梁路段雾天环境的交通安全,文中考虑可变限速标志设置对驾驶行为的影响,从服从效应角度提出其量化评估方法,以期获得最优作用效能。文中以鄂东长江大桥为原型,选取该桥梁近年最低能见度(100 m)和自由流服务水平作为测试环境,设计3种限速策略,分别为对照组SⅠ(无限速策略)、实验组SⅡ(90~70 km/h限速策略)、实验组SⅢ(90~70~50 km/h逐级限速策略);依托驾驶模拟器,实现不同限速条件的雾天桥梁场景微观驾驶行为数据的细粒度感知,采用重复测量方差分析方法从驾驶人响应的快速性、稳定性及准确性剖析可变限速标志的作用机理及驾驶人特征表现,并通过模糊综合评价方法评估不同限速策略的有效性。研究结果表明:雾天桥梁可变限速标志能够使驾驶人更早地采取减速措施,车辆在雾区行驶过程的稳定性更好;在雾天能见度100 m情况下,90~70~50 km/h逐级限速策略的稳态频数更大,空间稳定性更好,且速度超调量和跟随比更小,响应准确性更高。模糊综合评估结果显示,90~70~50 km/h逐级限速策略作为最优方案,能够有效地提升雾区驾驶行为的调节适应能力,降低驾驶风险,提高车辆运行的稳定性。本研究成果为雾天桥梁可变限速标志的优化设置提供了解决方案,可为雾天桥梁的主动安全防控提供有效支撑。

The Use of Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance to Study the Effect of Phlegm-Heat Syndrome on Neurological Deficits in Patients with Stroke~

Objective： To explore the effect of phlegm-heat syndrome on the degree of neurological deficit and provide some data support for the correct recognition of the relationship between phlegm-heat syndrome and neurological deficits in stroke patients. Methods： Clinical information were collected on 294 patients with acute ischemic stroke （AIS） whose syndrome and National Institute of Health stroke scale （NIHSS） score were checked at baseline （within the first 3-day admission） and at 7, 14, 28, and 90 days after admission to our clinical research centre. We explored the effect of phlegm-heat syndrome on the degree of neurological deficit following stroke by applying a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results： Stroke patients with phlegm-heat syndrome had higher NIHSS score than patients without the syndrome （P〈0.01）, and there appeared to be a decrease in NIHSS score over time in all patients （P〈0.01）. Conduslons： Phlegm-heat syndrome in patients who have suffered stroke has an effect on the degree of neurological deficiency. Disappearance of phlegm-heat syndrome may improve the degree of neurological deficit observed in stroke patients.

双矢量定姿在煤矿掘进机姿态测量中的应用

针对现有巷道掘进机的姿态测量手段中普遍存在的高成本和误差累积等问题,文中提出了一种基于双矢量定姿原理的姿态测量算法。通过在巷道掘进环境中分别对重力矢量和光矢量进行构建与感知,利用惯性倾角测量和双目视觉测量技术,基于矢量元素分别在导航坐标系和掘进机载体坐标系中的数学表达,可实现掘进机载体坐标系相对于巷道导航坐标系的姿态解算。利用倾斜仪和双目相机组成的测量装置对指示激光和重力矢量进行测量,结合双矢量定姿算法即可完成掘进机机身的姿态解算。文中设计了静态重复性精度测量实验,结果表明该方法的姿态角重复性测量精度为0.0662°。利用蒙特卡洛方法对可能会引入的误差源进行仿真分析,结果表明误差对方位角、俯仰角以及滚转角的影响分别为0.7864°、0.4548°和0.4765°。

Generalized Estimating Equations for Repeated Measures Logistic Regression in Mosquito Dose-Response

Dose-response studies in arthropod research usually involve observing and collecting successive information at different times on the same group of insects exposed to different concentrations of stimulus. When the same measure is collected repeatedly over time, the data become correlated and Probit Analysis technique which is the standard method in analyzing bioassay experiments data cannot be used. Lethal time is estimated when the speed of kill is of interest since mortality varies over time. We evaluate a complementary approach, repeated measures logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), for lethal time determination in mosquito dose response. Mortality data from anopheles larva exposed to 3 botanical extracts (B,C,E) at 4 concentration levels: 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml were used. The result shows the estimated LT50 values with concentration 500 mg/ml being the most virulent chemical for extract B (LT50 = 10.3 hrs), C (LT50 = 7.2 hrs) and E (LT50 = 10.3 hrs). The least virulent chemical was concentration 12.5 mg/ml for extract B (LT50 = 52.1 hrs), C (LT50 = 70.7 hrs) and E (LT50 = 55.0 hrs). We conclude that repeated measures of logistic regression via GEE can be used as a tool to estimate LT50 more effectively in repeated measures of arthropod data.

An Empirical Bayes Approach to Robust Variance Estimation: A Statistical Proposal for Quantitative Medical Image Testing

The current standard for measuring tumor response using X-ray, CT and MRI is based on the response evaluation criterion in solid tumors (RECIST) which, while providing simplifications over previous (WHO) 2-D methods, stipulate four response categories: CR (complete response), PR (partial response), PD (progressive disease), SD (stable disease) based purely on percentage changes without consideration of any measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a statistical procedure for tumor response assessment based on uncertainty measures of radiologist’s measurement data. We present several variance estimation methods using time series methods and empirical Bayes methods when a small number of serial observations are available on each member of a group of subjects. We use a publically available database which contains a set of over 100 CT scan images on 23 patients with annotated RECIST measurements by two radiologist readers. We show that despite of bias in each individual reader’s measurements, statistical decisions on tumor change can be made on each individual subject. The consistency of the two readers can be established based on the intra-reader change assessments. Our proposal compares favorably with the RECIST standard protocol, raising the hope that, statistically sound decision on change analysis can be made in future based on careful variability and measurement uncertainty analysis.

维生素D辅助治疗注意缺陷多动障碍疗效研究

目的探讨补充维生素D作为辅助治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的疗效。方法选取90例ADHD患儿,随机分为研究组和对照组各45例,两组均口服盐酸哌甲酯缓释片。研究组口服维生素D 8周,对照组口服安慰剂。应用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定基线及治疗后第8周末血清25(OH)D浓度,应用Conners父母症状问卷(PQS)和斯诺佩评估量表(SNAP-Ⅳ)评估基线及治疗后第4、8周末ADHD症状。应用重复测量方差分析比较基线及治疗后第4、8周结局指标变化。结果在控制年龄、性别、智商、25(OH)D、早产、剖宫产、独生子等因素,两组PQS、SNAP-Ⅳ各维度评分在基线及治疗后第4、8周末三个时间点进行重复测量方差分析显示,时间与组别之间的交互作用均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。组内比较显示,两组治疗后第4、8周末PQS和SNAP-Ⅳ各维度评分均较各自治疗前降低(P<0.01)。组间比较显示,治疗后第4周末研究组PQS学习问题、心身问题、冲动多动、焦虑、多动指数和SNAP-Ⅳ注意缺陷、冲动多动评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后第8周末PQS和SNAP-Ⅳ量表各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后第8周末,研究组25(OH)D浓度与基线比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组25(OH)D浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在维生素D不足的ADHD患儿中,每日补充2000 IU维生素D联合盐酸哌甲酯缓释片能显著改善症状。

Covid-19集中隔离人员对隔离环境色彩偏好

目的探讨Covid-19集中隔离人员在隔离期间对色彩环境的色彩偏好,为隔离密闭等相似环境的色彩设计提供参考。方法研究一共进行了三次实验,分别在隔离第一天、隔离第七天以及隔离期结束一个月后对来自某大学的18名受试者进行了隔离环境色彩偏好测试,采用重复测量方差技术对测试数据进行统计分析。结果不同时期隔离人员的色彩偏好有显著差异:在隔离时期隔离人员更喜欢饱和度较低、明度较高的色彩,对暖色偏好需求上升;在非隔离期间,隔离人员更青睐高饱和度的色彩。结论隔离会对隔离人员的色彩偏好产生影响,但不会改变隔离人员的认知偏好。在进行隔离环境色彩设计时,可以选取高明度、低饱和度的暖色作为环境色彩进行设计,以提升隔离环境适居性,从而为隔离人员提供更好的环境体验。

LIBS-XRF联用多光谱煤质分析仪的研制与应用(特邀)

基于提出的激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)的联用多光谱方法,设计了一种基于软件控制的煤质快速分析仪,该分析仪包括LIBS分析模块、XRF分析模块、送样模块、控制模块和操作软件。该仪器不仅发挥了LIBS全元素分析的长处,还继承了XRF高稳定分析的优点,可用于发电厂对压制煤饼进行快速连续的检测。此外,基于偏最小二乘回归方法对数百个煤样进行了光谱分析建模,并完成了工业测试与性能评价。评估结果表明,所建发热量、灰分、挥发分和硫分定标模型的R2分别为0.973、0.986、0.977、0.979,平均绝对误差分别为0.60 MJ/kg、1.24%、0.18%、0.19%,工业分析的平均SD分别为0.11%、0.49%、0.15%、0.09%。模型结果表现出不错的准确度和良好的稳定性,对所有煤炭工业指标的测量重复性均达到甚至优于国标要求。同时,实测结果表明,该仪器对煤炭发热量、灰分、挥发分、硫分的平均绝对误差分别为0.385 MJ/kg、0.830%、0.496%、0.230%,单次样品检测约需5.5 min,能够满足工业现场的实际需求,为煤炭性质的前瞻性预测开辟了道路。

基于X-ray无损检测空洞率的测量系统分析

X-ray无损检测是评估表面贴装元器件底部焊接空洞率的关键技术之一,为了确保X-ray测试结果的准确性和可信度,就必须对获得测量数据的测量系统进行评估。测量系统内在的变差对测量过程总变差的影响程度需依据测量系统分析,从而判定测量系统能否满足测量要求。以某型号QFN器件接地焊盘空洞率测试为例,结合测量系统分析(MSA)方法对X-ray无损检测焊接空洞率进行重复性/再现性分析和稳定性分析。分析结果表明,X-ray无损检测空洞率能够满足测量系统要求,为测量结果准确性提供了科学依据。

甲基苯丙胺戒治者不同阶段心理依赖的变化特点

目的:研究甲基苯丙胺(Methamphetamine,MA)戒治者在强戒期、康复期的心理依赖变化特点及其性别差异。方法:于2020-2022年在福建省9所戒毒所中选取甲基苯丙胺戒治者301人,以视觉模拟量表(VAS)、苯丙胺停用后症状评估量表(ACSA)、Barratt冲动性量表(BIS)、耶鲁-布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)为测度,采用单因素方差分析和重复测量方差分析分别比较MA戒治者在不同戒治期及性别的差异。结果:①通过单因素方差分析,干预后VAS、ACSA、BIS、Y-BOCS的时间主效应差异显著(F=185.37,4.74,5.35,43.49;P<0.05);通过重复测量方差分析,VAS、ACSA、BIS、Y-BOCS的时间主效应(F=165.72,3.47,3.98,22.23;P<0.05)及组别主效应差异显著(F=23.66,62.61,25.45,4.12;P<0.05);时间与组别的交互效应差异显著(F=5.46,10.47,3.69,11.54;P<0.05)。结论:甲基苯丙胺戒治者心理依赖的变化在强戒期显著下降,到康复期则保持稳定。有所不同的是,在康复期男性保持相对稳定,而女性则出现波动,这提醒在社区康复期应加强对女性戒治者的帮扶。