Research on the Construction of a“New Ecology”of University Catering

With the goal of establishing morality and nurturing people,university catering is thought to be one of the key components in the construction of“double first class”universities,which supports and leads the reform of education modernization.In this study,the common problems in the university catering were analyzed,and research was done through questionnaires and interviews.This study takes Beijing colleges and universities as the research object to understand the needs of students and teachers and aims to build a“new ecology”of university catering,and vigorously promote the construction of green campuses.

Development and Utilization of Catering Culture and New Countryside Construction in Guizhou of China

The paper pointed out that catering cultural resources played an important role in vitalizing Guizhou,promoting rural tourism development,innovating characteristic mountainous economy,increasing villagers' income and constructing ecological civilization.It emphasized that development and utilization of catering resources could contribute to promotion of economic development and preservation of good ecology on condition that natural environment was not destroyed.Advantages and potentials for development and utilization of catering culture in Guizhou had been analyzed,which lied in diversified food production methods,abundant food materials,obvious regionality,colorful national catering cultures,green foods and so on.It proposed that Guizhou catering culture had gained attention of relevant departments currently and had been developed to a certain degree.Its development status was introduced in brief.On this basis,it put forward relevant strategies,emphasized depending on government's guidance,stimulating villagers' activity,rooting in the soil of Guizhou historical culture,paying attention to establishment and protection of native catering cultural brand,and doing well in sales promotion.

Customer Information Disclosure and Analyst Forecasts : Empirical Evidence from Analysts' Perspective

Based on the company's disclosure of key customer information,the impact of corporate customer concentration on analyst forecast was studied,and we further studied the impact of detailed customer names on analyst forecasts. It is found that:(i) customer concentration significantly affects the accuracy of analyst forecasts. The higher the customer concentration is,the lower the accuracy of analyst forecasts is;(ii) Voluntary disclosure of customer names can provide incremental information to analysts and mitigate the negative impact of customer concentration on the accuracy of analyst forests;(iii) further research has found that the incremental information brought by the state-owned enterprises' disclosure of the customer names to analysts is more obvious; disclosure of customer names by companies with high environmental uncertainty is more likely to be of concern to analysts; and star analysts have a higher ability to interpret customer names than non-star analysts.

Bacteriological Quality and Risk Factors for Contamination of Raw Mixed Vegetable Salads Served in Collective Catering in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of raw mixed vegetable salads served in collective catering in Abidjan and to assess the factors likely to favor contamination. An investigation was conducted to determine the practical risk of contamination. A total of 306 samples were collected and analyzed for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and Salmonella according to standard microbiology methods. The most important risk factors were lack of training (96.7%), decontamination (84.0%), cross-contamination of vegetables in contact with fresh chicken or fish (76.7%) and salads that were uncovered and unprotected, thus exposed to the air and at ambient temperature for sale (97.7%). Theprevalence was 100%, 77.8% and 2.6% respectively for Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and Salmonella. The average load of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli was 4.93 log10 (CFU/g) and 1.89 log10 (CFU/g), respectively. Unsatisfactory microbiological quality samples were 52.3%. The results showed a failure of the sanitary quality in more than half of the products. Raising awareness in all of the workers in the food chain for vegetable salads is thus necessary to protect the health of the consumers.

Open Meta-Analyst软件及其功能简介

Meta分析是生产证据的重要方法,其合并效应可以为临床实践指南提供有效的数据支持,分析过程依赖于性能良好的软件。Open Meta-Analyst软件是近年来新研发出来的一款具备多种Meta分析功能、适用于多种类型Meta分析的免费、非编程软件,操作简便,易于学习与掌握。本文以二分类数据为例,介绍Open Meta-Analyst软件的功能及其实现Meta分析的过程,同时分析该软件的优势与不足。

Internet Brings New Development of China’s Catering Sector

In recent years,China’s catering sector has experienced profound changes in terms of industrial scale and management level,showing a favorable development momentum with steadily expanding industrial scale,optimizing market structure,complete categories,various brands,more standardized industrial management and upgrading service quality.

O2O Catering Industry is Flourishing

According to research by Analysys International,a major Chinese think tank on the development of new media,there were 176 million orders fulfilled by China’s 020catering industry in the first quarter of 2015.For the whole of 2014,376 million orders were placed.Catering enterprises (CE) have to explore creative business

Theoretical explanations to security analysts＇ forecast bias

As the representative of mature investors, security analysts＇ recommendations are guidance for most investors, However, a great deal of studies nearly draws the consistent conclusion, i.e. they are not as smart as we imagine, or the market doesn＇t trust their recommendations so much. The existence of optimistic bias in their recommendations has been supported by empirical data widely. Hence these make many papers to explore the reasons and try to give theoretical explanations. Based on prior researches, this paper mainly compares two theoretical models both based on mathematical methods.

An Analysis on Cultural Operation & Management for Catering

The overall competence of the employed in the catering industry, whether in terms of service concept, knowledge or professional skills, lacks behind the development of the industry. Since the competition remains to be the theme of the market economy, how to establish an unassailable position in the growing market economy which values survival of the fittest is what has been long studied and discussed among catering enterprises. Although catering business belongs to traditional labor-intensive service industry, it is against the backdrop of "demographic dividend" being turned into "talents dividend" that the cultivation of catering talents becomes of great importance. Besides, the trend of branding will be even more intensifying and innovation will certainly serve as a significant approach to the improvement of competitiveness among catering enterprises. As public catering becomes a main current in today's catering business — an accurate market positioning and food dishes get to be more exquisite and diversified with health elements taken into top priority, brand power stands to be the recipe for winning the competition. Moreover, the strategy of enterprises development through culture is an irreversible trend in modern catering operation and management. Furthermore, the education and artistic cultivation serve as core competence of modern catering enterprises and the employed.

Earnings disaggregation and analysts＇ forecasts

Accounting concepts dictate that separately disclosed components should contain separate useful information. This paper examines the relations between income statement components and analysts＇ earnings forecasts and forecast errors. Regressions explaining earnings forecasts using earnings components provide a better fit than regression using just aggregate income to explain forecasts. We interpret this as consistent with the hypothesis that analysts use incremental information in components not available in aggregate income. However, additional tests based on predictability of forecast errors indicate that analysts do not incorporate all information available in components into earnings forecasts. In addition, this inefficiency appears to increase at longer forecast horizons.

Implementation of Food Safety Legislation in Catering Establishments in Latvia

The aim of the research was to evaluate overall quality of introduction of hazard analysis and critical control points （HACCP） prerequisites and HACCP procedures in catering sector in Latvia to reveal common problems that can provoke food-borne infection outbreaks. Certain quantitative indicators were defined and analyzed to conclude about characteristic trends related to implementation of food safety legislation. The state＇s monitoring data on surveillance of catering establishments were used. Fulfillment of legislative requirements in about 6,000 catering establishments was evaluated during time period of 2004-2009. The results of investigation were obtained with help of statistical analyses using MS Excel computer program. The results of the research suggest that most of catering establishments （e.g., 83.6% during 2009） meet the hygiene requirements only partly. Non-conformities regarding HACCP-based self-control procedures were fixed during 49.2% of inspections. The research reveals characteristic shortcomings that are established from year to year, e.g., improper hygiene of premises （established during 30%-40% of inspections, depending on the year）, poor hygiene of technological equipment （established during 27%-37% of inspections）, poor personnel hygiene （established during 11%-22% of inspections）, inadequate competence of food service personnel （established during 10%-35% of inspections）, as well as non-observance of cleaning-disinfection procedures and technological parameters for food processing （established during 11%-25% of inspections, depending on the year）. Actual shortcomings can lead to both the direct and the indirect cross-contamination of food. On the base of the research, it was concluded that further detailed assessment of potential food safety risks is relevant to establish risk-based monitoring activities in catering sector.

New European Union＇s Requirements and IFRS Practice Statement ＂Management Commentary＂： Does MD＆A Disclosure Quality Affect Analysts＇ Forecasts？

The Management Discussion and Analysis （MD＆A） is a mandatory document under the European Union＇s （EU） law. In 2003, the EU issued Directive 2003/51/EC, which broadened the information that firms have to provide in their MD＆A, and in 2010 the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） issued the International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） Practice Statement ＂Management Commentary＂, a non-binding guidance for the presentation of this document. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between MD＆A disclosure quality and properties of analysts＇ forecasts. In fact, although most studies found that financial analysts mainly refer to financial statement data in forecasting earnings, there are few researches highlighting the importance of MD＆A disclosures for financial analysts. On this basis, Ramnath, Rock, and Shane （2008） called for researches in order to better understand the relationship between the information really used by analysts and their forecasts. To assess the quality of MD＆A disclosures, we developed a multidimensional measure on the basis of the EU requirements and the IFRS Practice Statement, and then we regressed this variable on both forecast accuracy and dispersion. The findings show that our measure of MD＆A disclosure quality is significantly and positively related to forecast accuracy. We conducted other analyses in order to better understand the previous relationship and we found that, if we analyze the different information contained in the MD＆A statement, financial analysts consider useful accounting and financial data in forecasting earnings. These results enhance our understanding of the role of MD＆A disclosures in the wide set of information that firms provide to financial statement users.

Carbon emission trading system and stock price crash risk of heavily polluting listed companies in China:based on analyst coverage mechanism

This study reveals the inconsistencies between the negative externalities of carbon emissions and the recognition condition of accounting statements.Hence,the study identifies that heavily polluting enterprises in China have severe off-balance sheet carbon reduction risks before implementing the carbon emission trading system(CETS).Through the staggered difference-in-difference(DID)model and the propen-sity score matching-DID model,the impact of CETS on reducing the risk of stock price crashes is examined using data from China’s A-share heavily polluting listed companies from 2007 to 2019.The results of this study are as follows:(1)CETS can significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes for heavily polluting companies in the pilot areas.Specifically,CETS reduces the skewness(negative conditional skewness)and down-to-up volatility of the firm-specific weekly returns by 8.7%and 7.6%,respectively.(2)Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the impacts of CETS on the risk of stock price crashes are more significant for heavily polluting enterprises with the bear market condition,short-sighted management,and intensive air pollution.(3)Mechanism tests show that CETS can reduce analysts’coverage of heavy polluters,reducing the risk of stock price crashes.This study reveals the role of CETS from the stock price crash risk perspective and helps to clarify the relationship between climatic risk and corporate financial risk.

分析师关注度视角下企业社会责任对绩效的影响机理:基于机器学习与文本分析的研究

研究整合利益相关者理论与信号理论,以分析师关注度作为中介变量,利用机器学习与文本分析方法,通过对中国A股957家上市公司5 472条企业社会责任数据的分析,从言(披露)、行(行为)两个方面探究了企业社会责任如何影响企业绩效的内在机理。研究发现:包括社会责任报告语调、易读性、覆盖范围等在内的企业社会责任披露及包括捐赠金额、捐赠增幅、行业内捐赠占比等在内的企业社会责任行为对证券分析师关注度具有显著影响;证券分析师关注度无论对企业短期绩效还是长期绩效都产生正向影响,并作为中介变量传递企业社会责任对企业绩效的正向影响效应。研究结果优化了对企业社会责任言、行的测量方式,较大程度地避免了依赖第三方数据库可能产生的信息偏误,克服了已有文献大多将企业社会责任言、行割裂开来展开研究的不足,将证券分析师关注度这一关键中介变量纳入理论模型,打开了企业社会责任言行如何影响企业短期和长期绩效的“理论黑箱”。

Fresh Food Catering for Hong Kong Could Be Bought in China's Mainland

An old Chinese saying goes like 'food is the paramount necessity of the people'.Food safety is always the key element.At the conference of Annual Fresh Food Tender for Hong Kong (2016),Xiaoqun He,deputy director of registration department of CNCA(Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s

ESG评价分歧的信息效应——以分析师预测为例

第三方机构的ESG评价结果为使用者提供企业的可持续发展信息,然而评价分歧的经济后果及其机制尚未形成共识。本文研究ESG评价分歧的信息效应,基于信息使用框架,从分析师角度出发,提出基于不确定性信息和异质性信息的两种对立机制,利用2017—2021年7家不同ESG评价机构的得分数据对上述机制进行验证。结果表明,ESG评价分歧会降低分析师预测误差,从而支持异质性信息的观点。研究还发现,ESG评价分歧通过反映企业每股收益和提高市场分析师整体预测质量来降低分析师预测误差。此外,ESG评价分歧能够为分析师提供信息不对称程度高企业的更多信息。在控制ESG得分均值的情况下,ESG评价分歧与ROA、ROE和个股回报率呈现正相关关系,进一步验证了信息效应。本文不仅以评价分歧的新视角补充了ESG相关文献,还阐明了ESG评价分歧的信息效应及其机制,为后续的高质量ESG评价提供了理论和实证支持。

数字化转型、分析师关注与企业创新绩效

企业与数字技术深度融合是实体经济发展的重要趋势。根据2008—2020年A股制造业微观企业数据,基于分析师关注视角研究企业数字化转型对创新绩效的作用及内在机理。结果显示:企业数字化进程明显促进了创新绩效的改善,且在一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立;机制检验表明,数字化转型可以通过提高分析师关注度和降低分析师信息搜寻成本,进而改善企业创新绩效表现;异质性分析发现,微观层面,董事、监事等高管拥有海外背景的企业,数字化转型更有助于提高企业创新绩效水平;中观层面,供应链集中度较高和劳动密集型行业中的企业,数字化转型对企业创新绩效的激励效果会更弱;宏观层面,数字化转型对于处在环境不确定性较低和东部地区的企业,更有利于改善创新绩效。基于分析师关注视角研究有效拓展了数字化转型与企业创新的相关研究,为政府通过完善金融市场中介来推动创新驱动发展战略和现代化产业体系建设提供了经验证据。

中国式员工持股计划与公司违规:监督者抑或合谋者

以我国员工持股计划重启为背景,以2011—2019年A股上市公司为样本,验证员工持股计划对公司违规的影响。结果显示,员工持股计划降低了公司违规概率与频率。机制检验发现,员工持股计划一方面通过促进中小股东投票与委派董事涉入公司内部治理,另一方面通过信息传递提升独立董事履职效率并增加分析师跟踪。进一步地,区分违规类型后发现,员工持股计划的抑制作用主要存在于信息披露违规与一般违规;区分员工持股计划方案后发现,员工持股规模高、锁定期长、高购买折价、无杠杆、无控股股东担保或兜底、无业绩条件的员工持股计划对公司违规的抑制更显著。经济后果分析发现,员工持股计划对公司违规的监督能够抑制股价崩盘风险。研究结论从公司违规角度验证了员工持股计划的监督者角色,为我国员工持股计划实施效果提供了新的经验证据。