Primary anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma of the left bulbar conjunctiva: A case report

BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-positive large B-cell lymphoma(LBCL)is an aggressive and rare variant of diffuse LBCL.Herein,we report an uncommon case of stage IE extranodal ALK-positive LBCL initially originating in the bulbar con-junctiva.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left bulbar conjunctiva that had persisted for six months,accompanied by swelling and pain that had per-sisted for 3 d.Eye examination revealed an 8 mm slightly elevated pink mass in the lower conjunctival sac of the left eye.Microscopically,the tumor was com-posed of large immunoblastic and plasmablastic large lymphoid cells with scattered anaplastic or multinucleated large cells.Immunophenotypically,the neoplastic cells were positive for ALK,CD10,CD138,Kappa,MUM1,BOB.1,OCT-2,CD4,CD45,EMA,CD79a,CD38,and AE1/AE3,and negative for CD20,PAX5,Lambda,BCL6,CD30 and all other T-cell antigens.The results of gene rearrangement tests showed monoclonal IGH/IGK/IGL and TCRD rearran-gements.Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies did not reveal any BCL2,BCL6 or MYC rearrangements.Furthermore,Epstein-Barr virus was not detected by in situ hybridization in the lesions.Based on the histopathological and imaging examinations,the neoplasm was classified as stage IE ALK-positive LBCL.No further treatments were administered.At the 6,15,and 21 mo postoperative follow-up visits,the patient was in good condition,without obvious discomfort.This case represents the first example of primary extranodal ALK-positive LBCL presenting as a bulbar conjunctival mass,which is extremely rare and shares morphological and immunohistochemical features with a variety of other neo-plasms that can result in misdiagnosis.CONCLUSION Awareness of the condition presented in this case report is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and p53 Are Potentially Useful Markers to Distinguish Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

Aims: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the urinary bladder is a clinically and histologically uncommon benign tumor that can be easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm. We sought to determine whether immunohistochemical staining would be evaluated IMT of the urinary bladder. We have also shown the literatures that imminohistochemical staining of IMT was investigated to distinguish malignant lesions using PubMed data base. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), p53, cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, smooth muscle myosin and S100, was carried out on serial sections from archival specimens of three patients who underwent transurethral resection and partial cystectomy. Results: Immunohistchemical staining in all patients was positive for ALK and weak positive for p53 protein. In the literatures, positive rates of ALK and p53 inthe IMT of the urinary bladder were 60.9% and 53.1%, respectively. Sarcoma and carcinosarcoma were shown in the pathological specimens with negative ALK and strongly positive p53 inthe same data base. Conclusions: Both ALK and p53 were potentially useful protein markers to distinguish between IMT and sarcoma. However, this study was small sample size. Further study was warranted an investigation of the availability of these proteins in IMT.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and therapeutic responses of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer who harbor an anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement

Introduction: The rearrangement of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) gene accounts for approximately 1%–6% of lung adenocarcinoma cases and deines a molecular subgroup of tumors characterized by clinical sensitivity to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. This study aimed to identify the relationship between ALK rearrangement and the clinico?pathologic characteristics of non?small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and to analyze the therapeutic responses of crizotinib and conventional chemotherapy to ALK rearrangement in NSCLC patients.Methods: A total of 487 lung cancer patients who underwent testing for ALK rearrangement in our department were included in this study. ALK rearrangement was examined by using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) assay.Results: Among the 487 patients, 44(9.0%) were diagnosed with ALK rearrangement by using FISH assay. In 123 patients with adenocarcinoma who were non?smokers and of a young age(≤58 years old), the frequency of ALK rearrangement was 20.3%(25/123). Short overall survival(OS) was associated with non?adenocarcinoma tumor type(P = 0.006), poorly diferentiated tumors(P al growth factor rece= 0.001), advanced?stage tumors(P < 0.001), smoking history(P ptor(EGFR)(P = 0.008), and wild?type epidermrter time to cancer p= 0.008). Moreover, patients with poorly diferentiated and advanced?stage tumors had a shorogression compared with those with well diferentiated(P = 0.023) and early?stage tumors(P = 0.001), respectively.Conclusions: ALK?rearranged NSCLC tends to occur in younger individuals who are either non?smokers or light smokers with adenocarcinoma. Patients with ALK rearrangement might beneit from ALK inhibitor therapy.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma masquerading as Behcet’s disease: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL)is a CD30-positive T cell lymphoma,a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.The current World Health Organization classification system divides ALCLs into anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-positive and ALK-negative groups.ALCL rarely presents in the gastrointestinal tract.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male was admitted to the department of gastroenterology for abdominal pain.He presented with lower abdominal pain,diarrhea and recurrent oral and penile ulcers.He was misdiagnosed with Behcet's disease and treated with prednisone.But after one month,he was hospitalized in another hospital for reexamination.This time,the lesion on the penis was biopsied for histological examination.The final pathological diagnosis was ALCL,ALKnegative.The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisolone chemotherapy.However,he died within one month.CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal ALCL needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid delaying treatment.Repeated biopsy is the most important for early diagnosis and treatment.

Current and future treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged cancer

Aberrant forms of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) are involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma, non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma and others. In general, the ALK catalytic domain is rearranged and fused to a dimerization domain encoded by an unrelated gene. Less frequently, full-length ALK is activated by point mutations. The common theme is unregulated firing of ALK downstream signalling, leading to uncontrolled cell division and increased cell survival. ALK-driven tumors can be treated with Crizotinib, an orally available dual ALK/MET inhibitor, currently approved for advanced ALK-positive NSCLCs. Crizotinibtreated patients achieve high response rates, with an excellent toxicity profile. However, drug-resistant disease often develops, particularly in NSCLC patients. The processes leading to drug resistance include both ALKdependent(point mutations or gene amplification), as well as ALK-independent mechanisms, which are here briefly discussed. Recently, Ceritinib has been approved for Crizotinib-refractory NSCLC, further extending patients' survival, but resistance again emerged. Novel ALK kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical development, showing great promise for improved efficacy in drugresistance disease. It is opinion of the author that drugresistance is likely to arise under any treatment, due to intrinsic heterogeneity and adaptability of cancer. To prevent or delay this phenomenon, we need to treat less advanced disease, with drugs that are rapidly effective in order not to allow enough time for tumor evolution, and we want to have more and more drugs with nonoverlapping resistance profiles, for subsequent lines of targeted therapy. Finally, the use of drug combinations may exponentially decrease the chances of resistance.

Primary bone anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic largecell lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Primary bone lymphoma(PBL)is an uncommon extranodal disease that represents approximately 1%-3%of lymphomas.Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma(ALCL)is an extremely rare type of PBL.The aim of this report is describe the symptoms,diagnosis,and treatment of primary bone ALK-positive ALCL.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man presented to our hospital with neck and shoulder pain and intermittent fever that lasted for 1 mo.After extensive evaluation,positron emission tomography-computed tomography(CT)examination showed multiple osteolytic bone lesions without other sites lesions.CT-guided biopsy of the T10 vertebral body was performed,and the pathology results showed that neoplastic cells were positive for ALK-1,CD30,and CD3.A diagnosis of primary bone ALK positive ALCL was ultimately made.The patient was in partial response after four cycle soft cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone chemotherapy,and we planned to repeat the biopsy and radiological examination after completion of the fifth cycle of therapy.CONCLUSION Primary bone ALK positive ALCL is a rare disease and physicians should keep in mind that ALCL can present with isolated osseous involvement without nodal involvement,and lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions.

Coexistence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in lung adenocarcinoma harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutation:A single-center study

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences confirm that epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangement have coexisted in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).However,Its biological mechanism,clinicopathological features,and optimization of targeted drugs have not yet been completely elucidated.AIM To explore the clinical profile of LUAD patients with co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes,with hopes of scientifically guiding similar patients towards selected,targeted drugs.METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven LUAD patients were enrolled.EGFR mutations were detected by the amplification refractory mutation system-peptide nucleic acid technique,while the expression of ALK rearrangement was screened by the 5′/3′imbalance strategy for reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.The clinicopathological features of these patients were analysed retrospectively,and the follow-up data were collected.RESULTS There were six cases with co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes,which were more common in women,non-smoking and stage IV LUAD patients with bone metastasis,hence a positive rate of 2.53%(6/237).EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)were their preferred drugs for targeted therapy in these patients,with progression-free survival ranging from two months to six months.CONCLUSION In Gannan region,the positive rate of co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes in LUAD patients is relatively high,and the co-mutations are more common in women,non-smoking and stage IV patients with bone metastasis.These patients prefer EGFR-TKIs as their preferred targeted drugs,but the therapeutic effect is not good.EGFR/ALK dual-TKIs may be more effective targeted drugs,which needs further study.

Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant alectinib in unresectable anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive non-small cell lung cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND The development of anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has remarkably improved the prognosis of patients with ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Alectinib,the second-generation ALK-TKI,has been approved as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with ALK rearrangement.Neoadjuvant therapy can achieve tumor downstaging and eradicate occult lesions in patients with potentially resectable disease.Whether neoadjuvant alectinib can be a conversion therapy in ALK-positive advanced NSCLC patients remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old man was pathologically diagnosed with locally advanced ALKpositive stage IIIB NSCLC.Alectinib was prescribed to induce tumor downstaging and facilitate the subsequent surgical resection.The tumor was successfully downstaged and pathological complete response was achieved.Left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy was performed after tumor downstaging.The patient has continued to receive alectinib as adjuvant therapy during postoperative follow-up with a recurrence-free survival of 29 mo as of writing this report.CONCLUSION This case sheds light on the feasibility and safety of alectinib as a neoadjuvant treatment for stage IIIB NSCLC patients with ALK rearrangement.Its efficacy needs to be validated in prospective clinical trials.

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting multiple lymphomatous polyposis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL)is a type of T-cell lymphoma that can be divided into two categories:anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive(ALK+)and ALK-negative.Gastrointestinal ALK+ALCL is rare.Multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP)is thought to be a representative form of gastrointestinal lesion in mantle cell lymphoma,and T-cell lymphomas seldom show this feature.Here,we report the first known case of ALK+ALCL with gastroduodenal involvement to present with MLP.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old man who was complained of a mass in the left inguinal area and was performed open biopsy.ALK+ALCL was diagnosed pathologically.Computed tomography scan demonstrated multiple lymph node lesions in the abdomen-pelvis/inguinal region,and scattered nodular lesions in both lung fields.He did not complain of gastrointestinal symptoms.While,esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified MLP lesions from the antrum of the stomach to the descending portion of the duodenum and mild thickened folds on the corpus of the stomach,and biopsy showed invasion of ALK+ALCL.We treated this patient with six cycles of CHOEP(Cyclophosphamide,Doxorubicin,Vincristine,Etoposide,and Prednisone)chemotherapy.At the conclusion of treatment,there was complete remission.Numerous white scars were found on the stomach,endoscopically consistent with a remission image of lymphoma.The endoscopic features of this case were thought to be similar to those of MCL.CONCLUSION The macroscopic/endoscopic features of gastrointestinal ALK+ALCL may be more similar to those of B-cell lymphomas rather than T-cell lymphomas.

Sarcoidosis mimicking metastases in an echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive nonsmall-lung cancer patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene(ALK-positive)represent an oncogenic driver in approximately 3%-5%of non-small-lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease,and its reported incidence in Asia is 1 or less per 100000 people per year.The co-occurrence of sarcoidosis and ALK-positive NSCLC is rare,and ALK-positive lung cancer is likely to spread quickly.Therefore,the co-occurrence of sarcoidosis is more easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer by radiological examination.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man had a nodule in the left superior lobe,many small nodules in left superior and right lungs,and enlarged bilateral hilar,mediastinal,and right supraclavicular lymph nodes.Computed tomography-guided pulmonary biopsy of the nodule in the left superior lobe revealed echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4 gene-ALK positive NSCLC with concomitant noncaseating granuloma.This patient was treated with crizotinib.Thirty days later,a chest computed tomography scan revealed a dramatic decrease in the size of the left superior lobe nodule;however,the lesions in the right lung progressed.The right supraclavicular lymph nodes showed granulomas,and no tumor cells were identified in the specimens. The angiotensin-converting enzyme level was high.After 1 wk of methylprednisolone treatment, a significant response of all lesionswas revealed. Following radical resection of the lung cancer, noncaseatinggranulomas were observed in both lung tissues and lymph nodes, which resultedin a diagnosis of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK positiveNSCLC accompanied with sarcoidosis.CONCLUSIONOur experience illustrates that pathological evidence is needed to confirmmetastatic disease, especially when some suspected metastatic lesions arenegative for malignancy.

Central nervous system relapse in a pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma patient with CLTC/ALK translocation treated with alectinib: A case report

BACKGROUND The aberrant expression of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene in ALKpositive(ALK+)anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL)is usually due to t(2;5)/NPM-ALK.However,rarely,aberrant ALK expression can also result from a rearrangement of the ALK gene with various partner genes.Central nervous system(CNS)metastasis is very rare in ALK+ALCL.Patients with CNS involvement show an inferior prognosis.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with ALK+ALCL.She presented with fever,skin nodules,leg swelling,and abdominal pain over the preceding 6 mo.She had extensive involvement and showed an extraordinary rare translocation,t(2;17)/CLTC-ALK,as demonstrated by RNA-seq.She underwent chemotherapy as per ALCL99,followed by vinblastine(VBL)maintenance treatment,and achieved complete remission.However,she developed CNS relapse during VBL monotherapy.The patient achieved a durable second remission with high-dose chemotherapy(including methotrexate 8 g/m2)and continuous treatment with alectinib and VBL.CONCLUSION Alectinib showed significant and durable CNS effects in this patient.However,more cases are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of alectinib for pediatric ALK+ALCL patients.

Acute leukemic phase of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL)is a rare and heterogeneous malignant tumor,which is classi
ed as anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)positive ALCL and ALK-ALCL.Many patients are diagnosed with ALCL at the stage of bone marrow involvement.However,ALCL patients with clinical manifestations consistent with acute leukemia are relatively rare.CASE SUMMARY In this report,the patient did not receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment despite a two-year history of lymph node enlargement.Hereafter,she was admitted for B symptoms and was diagnosed as ALK-ALCL by lymph node biopsy.Then,the disease progressed to leukemia without any treatment after 2 mo.The proportion of lymphoma cells in bone marrow was as high as 96%,and the proportion of peripheral blood was 84%.She also had clinical manifestations similar to acute leukemia.After completion of chemotherapy,she developed granulocytopenia and fever and died from septicemia.CONCLUSION ALCL with leukemic presentation is a late manifestation of lymphoma with low chemotherapy tolerance and poor prognosis.

Intravascular proliferating anaplastic lymphoma kinasepositive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma

An 82-year-old Japanese man visited our emergency unit complaining of dyspnea. Laboratory data showed 15% atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood which expressed the T-cell phenotype. Chest/abdominal computed tomography depicted hepatosplenomegaly and swelling of systemic lymph nodes. The patient died of advanced respiratory failure 5 d after the first occurrence of his dyspnea. At autopsy, the pathological features revealed a diffuse infiltration of large atypical lymphocytes to systemic organs including the spleen and lung. In immunohistochemical staining, these cells expressed CD30, TIA-1, anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK), CD5 and CD3. An advanced surface molecule analysis revealed a lack of CD54(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) and CD56(neural cell adhesion molecule). We observed the proliferation and infiltration of these lymphoma cells specifically at the intravascular lesions similar to intravascular lymphoma(IVL). T-cell IVL is not established as an independent clinical entity in the World Health Organization classification, and our patient's ALK-positive T-IVL in lung appears to be the first reported case.

ALK突变晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗耐药后帕博利珠单抗治疗的新探索

目的探索间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)突变晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)靶向治疗耐药后帕博利珠单抗治疗的效果。方法本方案采用前瞻性、对照、单中心、随机、单盲临床研究方法设计。选择2020年3月至2022年7月在西安高新医院就诊的95例ALK突变晚期NSCLC靶向治疗耐药后患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组。对照组入组47例,脱落2例,最终45例纳入分析;试验组入组48例,脱落2例,最终46例纳入分析。对照组男29例,女16例;年龄(56.85±8.67)岁;ⅢB期12例,Ⅳ期33例;鳞癌12例,腺癌33例。试验组男26例,女20例;年龄(55.02±8.23)岁;ⅢB期15例,Ⅳ期31例;鳞癌10例,腺癌36例。对照组接受阿来替尼治疗,试验组在对照组基础上接受帕博利珠单抗治疗。21 d为1个治疗周期,两组均治疗3个周期。比较两组治疗前后基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血清细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、糖类抗原9(CA9)、内皮抑素(ES)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)水平,临床疗效,药物不良反应;记录两组患者生存情况。采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果治疗后,两组CYFRA21-1、NSE、CA9、MMP-9、VEGF、CD8^(+)水平均低于治疗前(均P<0.05),且试验组均低于对照组(均P<0.05);两组ES、CD4^(+)、NK水平均高于治疗前(均P<0.05),且试验组均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。试验组总有效率高于对照组[78.26%(36/46)比57.78%(26/45)](χ^(2)=4.396,P=0.036)。两组药物不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.385,P=0.535)。随访1年,试验组失访1例,对照组失访2例,随访率为97.70%。试验组的1年总生存率为55.56%(25/45),对照组的1年总生存率为34.88%(15/43)。两组患者总生存期(OS)曲线比较差异有统计学意义(Log-rankχ^(2)=7.805,P=0.005)。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗ALK突变晚期NSCLC靶向治疗耐药后患者疗效显著,可改善免疫功能,降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高生存率,改善血管生成调节因子水平,且不会明显增加药物不良反应的发生率。

貌似结核性脑膜炎的系统型ALK阴性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床分析

目的报道1例首发症状表现为脑膜炎的系统型间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)的诊治经过,以加深对该类疾病的认识。方法分析1例表现为发热、头痛、颅压升高,曾疑诊为结核性脑膜炎的系统型淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)阴性系统型ALCL患者的临床表现与诊治经过。结果本例患者38岁男性,以头痛、持续颅内压升高为突出表现,同时伴有发热、体质量下降、淋巴结增大等全身症状、脑脊液白细胞数量和蛋白含量增高、葡萄糖下降,给予抗病毒、抗结核治疗后病情仍反复,最终通过颈部淋巴结活检,诊断为系统型ALK阴性ALCL。结论系统型ALK阴性ALCL以脑部病变为首发症状者误诊率高,对于不符合常见神经系统疾病病程和转归特点,伴有发热、体质量下降、淋巴结肿大者,应考虑到淋巴瘤可能,积极行病理检查,争取早期诊断,改善患者预后。

Efficacy of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy on anaplastic large-cell lymphoma:a retrospective study of 64 patients from a single center

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma(ALCL) is characterized by frequently presenting adverse factors at diagnosis.Many groups believed aggressive treatment strategies such as autologous stem cell transplantation brought survival benefit for ALCL patients.However,few compared these approaches with conventional chemotherapy to validate their superiority.Here,we report a study comparing the efficacy of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) and conventional chemotherapy on ALCL.A total of 64 patients with primary systemic ALCL were studied retrospectively.The median follow-up period was 51 months(range,1-167 months).For 48 patients undergoing conventional chemotherapy only,the 4-year event-free survival(EFS) and overall survival(OS) rates were 70.7% and 88.3%,respectively.Altogether,16 patients underwent PBSCT,including 11 at first remission(CR1/PR1),3 at second remission,and 2 with disease progression during first-line chemotherapy.The 4-year EFS and OS rates for patients underwent PBSCT at first remission were 81.8% and 90.9%,respectively.Compared with conventional chemotherapy,PBSCT did not show superiority either in EFS(P = 0.240) or in OS(P = 0.580) when applied at first remission.Univariate analysis showed that patients with B symptoms(P = 0.001),stage III/IV disease(P = 0.008),bulky disease(P = 0.075),negative anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) expression(P = 0.059),and age ≤ 60 years(P = 0.054) had lower EFS.Furthermore,PBSCT significantly improved EFS in patients with B symptoms(100% vs.50.8%,P = 0.027) or bulky disease(100% vs.52.8%,P = 0.045) when applied as an up-front strategy.Based on these results,we conclude that,for patients with specific adverse factors such as B symptoms and bulky disease,PBSCT was superior to conventional chemotherapy in terms of EFS.

双层探测器光谱CT在EGFR及ALK基因突变型肺腺癌中的应用

目的利用双层探测器光谱CT(DLCT)多参数成像研究表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变及间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)重排型肺腺癌的临床及DLCT特点,为临床判断肺腺癌基因表达探索无创的预测方法。资料与方法前瞻性收集甘肃省人民医院2020年8月—2022年3月病理确诊的肺腺癌98例,统计其临床参数(性别、年龄、病灶数量、形态、有无纵隔淋巴结转移及EGFR、ALK基因状态)及DLCT参数[动、静脉期光谱曲线斜率(λHUA、λHUV)、动、静脉期标准碘浓度(NICA、NICV)、动、静脉期40 keV单能CT值(CTA 40 keV、CTV 40 keV)、动、静脉期有效原子序数];按EGFR、ALK表达分为EGFR突变组[EGFR(+)]、ALK重排组[ALK(+)]及EGFR/ALK均阴性组[EGFR/ALK(-)];比较各组临床及DLCT参数特点。结果EGFR(+)组和EGFR/ALK(-)组性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.010,P<0.05);3组病灶形态差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.858,P<0.05)。EGFR(+)组平均CTV 40 keV大于EGFR/ALK(-)组(t=1.997,P<0.05);ALK(+)组平均NICV小于EGFR/ALK(-)组(t=2.155,P<0.05);EGFR(+)组平均λHUV、NICV、CTV 40 keV均大于ALK(+)组(t=2.613,3.149,3.218,P<0.05)。CTV 40 keV为141.070 Hu时,鉴别EGFR(+)及EGFR/ALK(-)腺癌的敏感度、特异度为62.7%、70.0%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.634(95%CI 0.516~0.756);NICV为0.287时,鉴别ALK(+)及EGFR/ALK(-)腺癌的敏感度、特异度为76.7%、64.2%,AUC为0.706(95%CI 0.536~0.853);λHUV、NICV、CTV 40 keV分别为1.335、0.320、132.350时,区分EGFR(+)及ALK(+)腺癌的敏感度分别为70.6%、64.7%、72.5%,特异度为76.5%、76.5%、82.4%,AUC为0.734(95%CI 0.606~0.829)、0.751(95%CI 0.610~0.832)、0.773(95%CI 0.649~0.861);Delong检验示CTV 40 keV、λHUV区分EGFR(+)及ALK(+)腺癌的AUC差异有统计学意义(Z=2.327,P<0.05)且CTV 40 keV的AUC达0.773。结论肺腺癌患者的性别、病灶形态及DLCT参数(λHUV、CTV 40 keV、NICV)对腺癌的EGFR及ALK基因表达有一定预测价值,能帮助临床判断腺癌的基因突变状态。

原发性骨髓纤维化合并ALK阴性的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤1例及文献复习

原发性骨髓纤维化(primary myelofibrosis, PMF)其特征是造血干/祖细胞来源的克隆性骨髓增殖,是一种弥漫性骨髓纤维组织增生性疾病。临床症状多样化,常包括体质性症状(发热、乏力、骨痛及盗汗等)、贫血及脾大、髓外造血等。好发于中老年人,发病率约为0.3~0.6/10万[1]。

Research progresses in the pathogenesis of anaplastic largecell lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL) is a distinct subset of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.As a consequence of its low incidence,general pathogenic consideration of ALCL is lacking.In this review,we summarize the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,and treatment of ALCL,so as to better understand key stages of the development of this disease and provide valuable information for future treatment.

Primary Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Nasal Cavity: A Case Report

Introduction: Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma occurring in the nasal cavity is a rare disease. The latest World Health Organization (WHO) Classification recognizes three distinct subtypes: primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive been our case, primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative and primary cutaneous types. Through this case study, we focus on the clinical presentation, treatment and prognostic characteristics of this pathology.Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient aged 32 years, who presented for seven months a runny nose associated with swelling of the face on the left side, without peripheral lymphadenopathy or general signs. A Blondeau scanner objectified a total filling of the frontal and left maxillary sinus, and a filling of the left nasal cavity. Complete resection of the tumor was performed. Histological examination was in favor of anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive. The patient was stage IE according to Ann Arbor classification, with an International Prognostic Index estimated at one. Thus, the patient received six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy. Currently, he is in good loco-regional control with a decline of three months.Conclusion: The rarity of this case lies partly in the lymphomatous localization in the nasal cavity, and secondly in the anaplastic histology. It poses a diagnostic problem. So, we conclude that in case of any symptom of nasal cavities, it is necessary to explore and possibly biopsy if tumor, before surgery, because lymphomas are chemosensitive disease.