Uplift of Symmetrical Anchor Plates by Using Grid-Fixed Reinforced Reinforcement in Cohesionless Soil

Uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without grid fixed reinforced （GFR） reinforcement was evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations by Plaxis. Many variations of reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over symmetrical anchor plates. In the current research, different factors such as relative density of sand, embedment ratios, and various GFR parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the symmetrical anchor plate were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. GFR, a tied up system made of fiber reinforcement polymer （FRP） strips and end balls, was connected to the geosynthetic material and anchored into the soil. Test results showed that using GFR reinforcement significantly improved the uplift capacity of anchor plates. It was found that the inclusion of one layer of GFR, which rested directly on the top of the anchor plate, was more effective in enhancing the anchor capacity itself than other methods. It was found that by including GFR the uplift response was improved by 29%. Multi layers of GFR proved more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity than a single GFR reinforcement. This is due to the additional anchorage provided by the GFR at each level of reinforcement. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of GFR. It was also observed that the inclusion of GFR reduced the requirement for a large L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The laboratory and numerical analysis results are found to be in agreement in terms of breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern.

Pre-stressed anchoring beam technique applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes

During the construction of some large-scale rock engineering,high-steep slopes and insufficient slope stability induced by unloading fissures are often encountered.For the reinforcement of these slopes,some techniques(including conventional pre-stressed anchoring cable and unconventional anchoring hole)are usually utilized,however,having several obvious defects.Thus,it is very difficult for a designer to design an efficient reinforcement scheme for the high-steep slopes.For this reason,the authors develop the pre-stressed anchoring beam technique,in which tensile capacity of pre-stressed structures are fully utilized.It is analyzed that the new technique is characterized by multi-functions,including engineering investigation,efficient reinforcement,drainage,monitoring and urgent strength supplement,and hoped to be extensively applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes.

An Analysis for Cross Beam-Ground Anchor Reinforcement

With the rapid development of water facilities, hydroelectric projects, highways and railways in China, beam-anchor reinforcement has been widely used to stabiliZe slopes in recent years. But the theory for the design of beam-anchor reinforcement is far behind the application. Cross beam-ground anchor reinforcement is a combination of beams and anchors forming a new structure to prevent slope sliding. The forces in the beams are discussed using theoretical analysis and numerical modeling. The Winkler model is used to analyze the beams, and reasonable values of λ, length, spacing and cantilevered length for the beams are determined through a theoretical analysis. A three-dimensional finite element method is adopted to model the interaction of the beams and soils and a structure analysis is applied to treat the beams and to study the stress distribution in external and internal beams. The analytical results show that it is better to satisfy λ≥2π, the spacing between anchors ls should be lsλ〈π/2 and cantilever length should be （0.3-0.5）ls for the optimum design. The numerical results show that the same design can be used for all beams in different directions, including the internal and external beams. The application of the analytical method for reinforcement beam analysis is acceptable. It is better to choose a safety coefficient of 1.3 for design based on the analytical method for safety.

Study of Slope Reinforcement Force Based on FLAC

A slope will slide if the unbalanced force does not tend to zero when the stability of the slope is analyzed with the help of FLAC. Thus the ultimate reason of slope sliding is the unbalanced force determined by FLAC. The slope will remain stable if the unbalanced force is counterbalanced by a reinforcement force which is produced by a suitable reinforcement method. In this paper, the stability of the slope was analyzed by using FLAC, and the unbalanced force of the slope was obtained through the FISH function in FLAC. According to the equilibrium conditions, the relationship between the reinforcement force and unbalanced force was derived and accordingly the reinforcement force was determined. The reinforcement design was adopted by using pre-stressed anchor bars on the basis of the reinforcement force. An example is used to show that the effect of slope reinforcement based on the reinforcement force is safe and economical. The method doesn＇t need to suppose a sliding surface to obtain the reinforcement force, and it is also clear in physical meaning. So this method realized the organic unification of the stability analysis and the slope reinforcement.

Study on mechanical principle of reinforcing sidewalls and corners of roadway to control floor heave by anchors

The movement principle of sidewalls and floor of extraction opening is analyzed, it is found that floor heave not only has something to do with the floor strata, but sidewalls. The effect of sidewall anchor and corner anchor is studied, the mechanical principle of reinforcing sidewalls and corners is put forward and applied in engineering practice.

Study on stability and reinforcement of a landslide on Ji'an-Dandong highway

This study clarified the failure mechanism of a landslide on Ji'an-Dandong highway,through the detailed analysis of its geological condition.Then based on the back analysis of the broken landslide,take limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the potential landslide.The result shows that the landslide is lack of safety stock,so anchor rope is designed to reinforce the landslide.

Numerical Determination of Shear Strength of Steel Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthened by CFRP Sheets

The earthquake resistant property of reinforced concrete members depends on the interaction between reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete through bond to a large degree. In this paper a general system aimed at dealing with the failure analysis of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets including bond slip of the anchored reinforcing bars at the foot of the columns is presented. It is based on the yield design theory with a mixed modeling of the structure, according to which the concrete material is treated as a classical two dimensional continuum, whereas the longitudinal reinforcing bars are regarded as one dimensional rods including bond slip at the foot of the columns. In shear reinforced zones both the shear CFRP sheets and transverse reinforcing bars are incorporated in the analysis through a homogenization procedure and they are only in tension. The approach is then implemented numerically by means of the finite element formulation. The numerical procedure produces accurate estimates for the loading carrying capacity of the shear members taken as an illustrative application by correlation with the experimental results, so the proposed approach is valid.

Synergistic effect of a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons

In order to improve the anchoring force of anchors for carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) tendons further, a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons was developed. The increment in anchoring force induced by the clamping segment of anchor was studied. Taking the deformation of all parts in clamping segment in the transverse direction into consideration, the calculation formula for the increment of anchoring force was proposed based on the linear elastic hypotheses. The proposed model is verified by experiments and conclusions are drawn that the anchoring force is influenced mainly by the inclination angle of clamping pieces, the length of clamping part and the thickness of bonding medium. Especially, the thickness of bonding medium should be lowered in design to improve the synergistic effect of anchors.

A Hybrid Device for Anchoring FRP Sheets Aimed to Enhance the Flexural Capacity of RC Elements

The potential of externally applied FRP （fiber-reinforced plastic） sheets, being employed in retrofitting schemes aimed to repair and strengthen RC （reinforced concrete） structural elements damaged by prototype strong earthquakes, is presented and discussed in this study. The limitation of the debonding mode of failure of these FRP sheets is highlighted and the necessity to develop efficient anchoring devices for these FRP sheets is underlined. The behavior of such a novel HAD （hybrid anchoring device） capable of anchoring CFRP （carbon fiber reinforcing plastic） sheets to RC structural elements, is presented and discussed. The behavior of the device itself was studied through a 3D non-linear numerical simulation at the preliminary design stage in order to establish certain desired features such as the ductile behavior of the device itself as well as the satisfactory performance of the FRP sheets wrapped around this device. This HAD was next applied as part of a strengthening scheme aimed to upgrade the flexural capacity of an RC bridge-type pier specimen subjected to a cyclic seismic-type loading sequence. The obtained results demonstrated an increase in the specimen＇s flexural capacity by 100% as well as a similar increase in its capability of dissipating energy in a ductile manner during the cyclic load sequence. Moreover, the employed 3D non-linear numerical simulation yielded reasonably good agreement between the measured and the predicted cyclic response of this specimen strengthened by CFRP layers, which were anchored by the novel HAD. The successful behavior of this novel HAD, which has been patented with No. WO2011073696, is currently being tried with a number of other retrofitting schemes employing FRP sheets externally attached on RC structural elements.

Research on Stability Calculation Methods for Grillage Supporting Structure with Pre-stressed Anchor

Aiming at prestressed anchor cable frame in the presence of reinforcement landslide problem, through the selection of test points, the paper study and tested soil pressure, frame internal force and prestress losses under prestressed anchor cable frame beam, reveal the law of internal force distribution, and provides a theory basis for the rational design of prestressed anchor cable in landslide.

考虑锚节点位置不确定的水下目标定位算法研究

考虑时钟异步和声波分层效应的影响,该文研究了当测量过程受到未知噪声干扰,且锚节点位置不确定时水下目标节点的定位问题。首先构造了水下节点间飞行时间模型,设计了一种交互式异步通信协议,建立了最小化定位误差的优化目标函数。然后提出了一种基于深度强化学习的水下目标定位算法,并采用层归一化来改进深度神经网络,进一步提高模型的泛化能力。最后,仿真和实验结果验证所提方法的有效性。

矿用锚索捻距与拉伸力学性能及锚固效果关系研究

矿用锚索主要由多根钢绞线缠绕而成,具有可弯曲、抗破断能力强及成本低廉等优点,在煤矿巷道围岩,特别是巷道顶板稳定性控制中广泛采用。捻距是制作锚索的重要参数之一,当选取煤矿锚索时,因了解尚浅而往往忽略这一参数。为探究捻距参数对锚索拉伸力学性能与锚固效果是否存在影响,论文采用理论分析与室内试验相结合的方法,初步厘清了捻距参数对锚索拉伸时的几何变形特征的影响,明晰了其对锚索锚固力的影响机制。基于试验获得的锚索拉伸及锚固拉拔数据构建数值模拟模型,与井下试验结果进行对比,得到了捻距与其极限拉伸载荷、最大锚固力的关系式,获取了能够充分发挥锚索拉伸力学性能与锚固效果的最佳捻距。研究结果表明:当锚索受到拉伸时,在一定范围内捻距与延伸率的关系为负相关,与拉伸极限载荷的关系为正相关;锚索-锚固剂界面存在一定的几何匹配关系,当捻距减小至其13倍公称直径时,最大锚固力随着捻距的减小而增大;综合分析锚索极限拉伸载荷与最大锚固力等因素发现,能够充分发挥锚索拉伸力学性能与锚固效果的最佳捻距为13~14倍公称直径。研究成果增加了锚索捻距对拉伸力学性能影响的认识,明晰了对其锚固机制的理解,为锚索制作及选取煤矿锚索提供了参考及理论支撑。

胀锁型锚索双向加固窄煤柱试验研究与工程应用

针对沿空掘巷窄煤柱非对称变形问题,提出了对穿锚索双向加固窄煤柱技术,设计了伸长型和胀锁型两种对穿锚索结构及工艺,开展了对穿锚索拉拔试验,试验表明两种锚索结构均满足抗拉要求,从锚索破坏形态、施工便捷性和材料经济性等方面对比分析,确定胀锁型对穿锚索为窄煤柱双向加固的首选。进一步通过相似模型试验与数值模拟研究了不同加固方式下煤柱承载变形规律和对穿锚索受力特征。结果表明:双排紧密型对穿锚索加固试件较未加固试件峰值荷载提高了96.04%,且随着锚索排数及数量的增加,窄煤柱双向加固稳定性越来越高,胀锁型对穿锚索提高了煤柱破坏前的能量储存量和临界破坏点。最后,在济宁三号煤矿123_(下)04工作面运输巷开展胀锁式对穿锚索加固窄煤柱工程试验,监测显示对穿锚索锚固力超过220 kN,锚索加固区煤柱帮鼓量降低70%,窄煤柱整体稳定性好,窄煤柱双向加固技术可行,为沿空掘巷工程提供了新技术途径。

阶段矿房法二步骤采场地压控制研究

在阶段矿房二步骤开采时,为了减小上盘岩移量,常采纳采场中部切槽并向上盘、下盘两侧回采,从而缩短采场暴露时间,以便减小上盘岩移量。当地压达到流变发生的条件后,缩短采场暴露时间并不能有效控制上盘巷道发生岩移破坏。为此,利用三维连续体快速拉格朗日分析数值模拟采场上盘地压,并根据流变理论分析,采纳低松弛预应力大直径钢绞线锚索支护上盘顶板以便减小上盘地压,从而克服发生流变变形的应力条件。结果表明:在上盘岩体上施加支护抗力可减小或消除高地压导致的流变变形;采纳7排7.0 m长的锚索、每排6根支护上盘顶板后大幅度减小了上盘岩移量,但采场第2分层上排锚索及一步骤采场第3分层局部锚索的锚固力超过设计值;采纳8排7.0 m长的锚索、一步骤采场每排7根、二步骤采场每排6根支护上盘顶板后,即使回采底柱,锚索锚固力也不会达到设计值。监测表明,大直径钢绞线锚索支护后上盘岩移量减小到一般不超过6 mm。

改进锚固的钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带加固砌体墙拟静力试验研究

本文基于新的钢丝绳锚固方式和墙体构造措施,进行了5片砌体墙的抗震拟静力试验,其中4片采用钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带法加固,1片未加固墙作为对照组。综合前期已有试验数据,推导钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆交叉条带法加固砌体墙的抗剪承载力公式。试验表明:改进锚固方式后的交叉条带法在构造上更为可靠,能有效提高砌体墙抗剪承载力,组合墙体承载力较未加固墙提高65%以上,较旧锚固法承载力平均可提高30%;交叉条带对墙体裂缝的出现和发展有一定限制作用,使得墙体的延性有所提高;受力时条带拉压杆体系与原有墙体之间的协同效应能有效提高承载力。最后根据8片墙拟合出的加固墙体抗剪承载力计算公式与试验数据吻合较好,可在相关研究分析中参考使用。

孟加拉帕德玛大桥半预制半现浇混凝土边护栏施工技术

孟加拉帕德玛大桥公路桥面边护栏采用钢筋混凝土墙式护栏,总长约18 km,高度达1.8 m,护栏外侧设置装饰槽,护栏底部伸至桥面板顶面以下且截面尺寸小。对护栏全现浇和全预制2种施工方案进行分析,提出一种半预制半现浇组合施工方案。预制现浇分界线以护栏顶面中间位置开始延伸至与桥面翼缘顶面接触位置,外侧采用预制,预制节段长1.5 m;内侧采用现浇,现浇节段长度一般为9 m,根据灯柱的布置,设置6 m或7.5 m的调节分段长度,实现模块化施工。在预制场采用预制台座、模板和平躺预制方式预制边护栏的外侧部分,涂刷缓凝剂对预制现浇的湿接缝处进行冲洗凿毛,并预留锚固钢筋,利用预埋的吊装吊耳和支撑角钢在桥上安装预制的外侧部分后现浇内侧部分,通过锚固钢筋将边护栏与桥面板结合在一起。采用该施工方案,每月可预制1300片护栏,现浇段每月可施工3600 m,5个月内完成护栏现浇,护栏施工完成后的整体混凝土外观质量优良。

熔丝制造3D打印CFRP层内损伤破坏机理与模型研究

为将3D打印技术应用到桥梁工程中,以熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料锚环为研究对象,开展了材料层内损伤失效机理的基础性研究工作.首先,对锚环进行了张拉锚固破坏试验,明晰材料的损伤失效模式.其次,测试分析了材料的弹性参数及强度参数值,供后续仿真分析使用.最后,通过VUMAT子程序构建了材料的损伤失效本构关系,利用ABAQUS仿真分析软件模拟熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料锚环的渐进损伤失效全过程,分析其层内损伤失效机理.结果表明:熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料具有显著的层内损伤现象;选用Hashin损伤起始判据与刚度瞬间退化模型作为熔丝制造3D打印碳纤维复合材料损伤力学模型偏于安全,具有一定的可行性;锚环在高度方向产生纵向裂纹是由纤维拉伸失效导致的.

破碎围岩巷道锚注支护参数优化及应用

针对新河矿业730采区南部轨胶联络巷围岩松散破碎、变形严重情况,利用Comsol Multiphysics有限元分析软件探讨了不同注浆参数对浆液扩散的影响;并在此基础上,研究不同注浆锚索布置形式对注浆效果的影响。结果表明:浆液扩散半径会随着注浆压力增大、注浆时间延长而逐渐增大,每增大1 MPa注浆压力浆液扩散半径平均增长率为30.95%,每延长1 min注浆时间,浆液扩散半径平均增长率为25.67%;注浆锚索的布置形式决定了注浆加固圈的范围,当采用“六边形”布置方式时,其注浆加固圈范围相对较大,且顶板两侧不会出现漏浆的情况。基于数值模拟结果,确定了新河矿业南部轨胶联络巷锚注支护的注浆压力为4 MPa、注浆时间为8 min,注浆锚索布置方案为“六边形”式。工程应用表明:优化后的注浆参数有效地控制了巷道围岩的变形与破坏,取得了良好的工程效果,同时也为此类巷道的注浆加固提供了有效依据。

波纹钢板套衬加固大断面隧道衬砌力学性能

采用有限元软件建立了江西省某座大断面隧道地层-结构数值计算模型,对波纹钢板套衬加固隧道衬砌的力学性能进行研究。结果表明:波纹钢板套衬分担了部分围岩压力,隧道衬砌的应力出现重分布;波纹钢板套衬与既有衬砌组合结构的承载力随着锚栓数量的增加而增强,建议拱顶至拱肩区间的锚栓间距为2~3 m、拱肩至拱脚位置锚栓间距为1 m;既有衬砌和波纹钢板套衬对围岩压力的承担比呈负相关;考虑经济性和波纹钢板厚度对锚栓受力的影响,建议波纹钢板厚度不超过6 mm。

基于锚杆静压桩加固的超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制技术

以某多层砌体结构基础加固施工为背景,阐述了锚杆静压桩在超深基坑邻近建筑沉降控制中的应用,重点介绍了锚杆静压桩分批压桩以配合超深基坑土方分层开挖的施工方法。该法采用PLC自动持荷系统,可对锚杆静压桩的长期持荷动态调整桩端压力。监测数据表明:此方法可有效控制超深基坑土方开挖过程中的邻近建筑物沉降,降低施工风险,可为类似项目提供借鉴。