Assimilation and Contrast:The Two-sided Anchoring Effects of Recommender Systems

Previous studies on the behavioral implications of recommender systems suggest that consumer preferences after consumption are malleable and tend to shift towards the ratings presented by a recommender system because of the anchoring effects.Drawing upon the literature on consumer satisfaction,we show that such a view on the anchoring effects of recommender systems is incomplete.Apart from the assimilation effects that pull the consumers’preferences towards the anchor,the contrast effects may shift their preferences in the other direction.Therefore,we theoretically hypothesize that the impacts of recommendations on consumers’constructed preferences are dependent on the level of deviation of the presented rating.The hypotheses are validated through a laboratory experiment.Our findings extend the existing literature on behavioral implications of recommender systems and provide a more comprehensive theoretical lens for understanding the anchoring effects,which may offer helpful insights for improving the design and use of recommender systems.

Study on the Influence of Radial Pressurization on Anchoring Performance of Bolts

Supporting soft rock roadways in coal mines has long posed a formidable challenge. Addressing issues such as the formation of soft rock strata, poor fracture development, limited tolerance, and the frequent and severe damage sustained by conventional bolts due to their low elongation and bearing capacity, this study employs bottom expansion and filling technology. It combines theoretical analysis with booster bolt pull-out tests to scrutinize the radial stress distribution of bolts under extrusion forces. Moreover, it conducts a comparative analysis of bolt bearing characteristics under varying radial pressurization conditions, delving into the impact of radial directional increases in compressive stress on bolt anchoring performance.

Anchoring effect and energy-absorbing support mechanism of large deformation bolt

To research the anchoring effect of large deformation bolt,tensile and drawing models are established.Then,the evolution laws of drawing force,bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress are analyzed.Additionally,the influence of structure element position on the anchoring effect of large deformation bolt is discussed.At last,the energy-absorbing support mechanism is discussed.Results show that during the drawing process of normal bolt,drawing force,bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress all gradually increase as increasing the drawing displacement,but when the large deformation bolt enters the structural deformation stage,these three values will keep stable;when the structure element of large deformation bolt approaches the drawing end,the fluctuation range of drawing force decreases,the distributions of bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress of anchorage section are steady and the increasing rate of interfacial shear stress decreases,which are advantageous for keeping the stress stability of the anchorage body.During the working process of large deformation bolt,the strain of bolt body is small,the working resistance is stable and the distributions of bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress are steady.When a rock burst event occurs,the bolt and bonding interface cannot easily break,which weakens the dynamic disaster degree.

The influence of surface effects on Frederiks transition in nematic liquid crystal doped with ferroelectric nanoparticles

Motivated by our recent work,in this work,we present the numerical study of the anchoring effect on the Frederiks threshold field in a nematic liquid crystal doped with ferroelectric colloidal nanoparticles.Assuming weak anchoring conditions,we employ the relaxation method and Maxwell construction to numerically solve the Euler–Lagrangian differential equation for the total free energy together the Rapini–Papoular surface energy to take into account anchoring of nematic liquid crystal molecules at the substrates.In this study,we focus our attention on obtaining the phase diagrams of Frederiks transition for different values of anchoring strength which have been not computed in our previous work.In this way,the effect of nanoparticle radius,nanoparticle volume fraction,nanoparticle polarization,and cell thickness on the Frederiks transition for different values of anchoring conditions are summarized in the phase diagrams.The numerical results show that by increasing the nanoparticles size and nanoparticle volume fraction in the ferronematic system,the Frederiks threshold field is strongly reduced.

Influences of surface and flexoelectric polarization on the effective anchoring energy in nematic liquid crystal

The physical effects on surface and flexoelectric polarization in a weak anchoring nematic liquid crystal cell are investigated systematically. We derive the analytic expressions of two effective anchoring energies for lower and upper substrates respectively as well as their effective anchoring strengths and corresponding tilt angles of effective easy direction.All of these quantities are relevant to the magnitudes of both two polarizations and the applied voltage U. Based on these expressions, the variations of effective anchoring strength and the tilt angle with the applied voltage are calculated for the fixed values of two polarizations. For an original weak anchoring hybrid aligned nematic cell, it may be equivalent to a planar cell for a small value of U and has a threshold voltage. The variation of reduced threshold voltage with reduced surface polarization strength is also calculated. The role of surface polarization is important without the adsorptive ions considered.

ANCHORING EFFECT ANALYSIS OF TENSIONED BOLTS

The paper analyses quantitatively the anchoring effect of tensioned bolts on surrounding rock strength, and defines two concepts: one is the surrounding rock strength increased amount Δτ13 and the other is the strength influence factor k. The anchoring effect of tensioned bolts is considered to increase a strength increased amount Δτ13 where Δτ13 is the product k and ten-sioned load p, i. e. Δτ13 = kp, where k is a function of two variables x and y. The distribu-tive properties both Δτ13 and k are also discussed in the paper, obtaining some useful results for designing bolting support parameters.

Effect of Surface Texture on Tensile Shear Strength of 1060Al-PET Welding Joints

Joining metal to plastic can lighten weight of products to reduce energy consumption.However,it is difficult to achieve high-strength welding between metal and plastic.To address this problem,the methods of surface texture pretreatment and laser irradiation welding was proposed to achieve the high-strength connection of metal and plastic.In this study,with different parameters of laser power and texture morphology,1060 Al with surface texture treatment was joined to polyethylene terephthalate(PET)by laser irradiation welding from metal side.Study showed that as the laser power increased,the tensile shear strength of joints increased first,and decreased thereafter.Tensile shear tests demonstrated that the mechanical force of joint was strengthened contributed to mechanical anchorage formed by surface texture.The depth-width ratio of the texture grooves affected the tensile shear process of the joint.According to the result of temperature simulation,the existence of texture grooves reduced the heat transfer efficiency,and the heat dissipation at interface was also impeded in course of laser welding.Finally,the maximum tensile strength of 1060Al-PET joint reached 48.4 MPa,which was close to the strength of PET matrix.The bonding mechanism of the 1060Al-PET joints was composed of mechanical bonding and chemical bonding.This study proposes an effective method to join metal to plastic which achieved high-strength connection between metal and plastic.

A selective reflecting film with a temperature-dependent pitch length

A(polymer network/liquid crystal/chiral dopants) composite exhibiting a temperature-sensing switch of infrared spectrum has been developed.Because of the different change of the chiral dopant in the helical twisting power and the anchoring effect of the polymer network,the polymer stabilized liquid crystal(PSLC) films,of which the bandwidth of the selective reflection spectra increased with changing temperature,were obtained.

A Study on the Thermal Stability of La_2O_3-TiO_2 Supports

In this paper,various techniques including BET,XRD,SEM and XPS were used to study the sintering of pure and La_2O_3-doped titania.The experimental results show that sintering of titania proceeds via volume diffu- sion.Adding of lanthanum oxide decreases the rate of sintering and hinders the phase transition from anatase to rutile crystal by strong surface interaction between the mixed crystals(La_4Ti_9O_(24),La_(0.66)TiO_(2.99))and TiO_2.

Sentencing Recommendations,Anchoring Effect and Fairness in Criminal Justice——An Empirical Study Based on a Sample of 520 Sentences in K City

The anchoring effect is a powerful and widespread cognitive phenomenon in the decision-making field.Our quantitative analysis of a sample of 520 sentences indicates that the sentencing recommendation of the public procuratorate has a marked influence upon the court＇s sentencing judgment.That is,whether we are investigating the freedom penalty,the fine penalty or the term of probation imposed by the judge,we find that the anchoring effect does exist.In addition,a change in the court conviction or in the trial sentencing circumstances and the availability of a defense lawyer may weaken the anchoring effect of the procuratorate＇s sentencing recommendations.As a form of cognitive bias,the presence of the anchoring effect in the area of sentencing further highlights the necessity of applying analyses based on legal realism to the field of criminal justice in China;and at the institutional level,it demands that judges adopt corresponding arrangements to ensure the impartial exercise of discretion.

Sulfur-doped graphene anchoring of ultrafine Au25 nanoclusters for electrocatalysis

The biggest challenge of exploring the catalytic properties of under-coordinated nanoclusters is the issue of stability.We demonstrate herein that chemical dopants on sulfur-doped graphene(S-G)can be utilized to stabilize ultrafine(sub-2 nm)Au_(25)(PET)18 clusters to enable stable nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)without significant structural degradation.The Au_(25)@S-G exhibits an ammonia yield rate of 27.5μgNH_(3)·mgAu^(-1)·h^(-1)at-0.5 V with faradic efficiency of 2.3%.More importantly,the anchored clusters preserve~80%NRR activity after four days of continuous operation,a significant improvement over the 15%remaining ammonia production rate for clusters loaded on undoped graphene tested under the same conditions.Isotope labeling experiments confirmed the ammonia was a direct reaction product of N2 feeding gas instead of other chemical contaminations.Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of post-reaction catalysts reveal that the sulfur dopant plays a critical role in stabilizing the chemical state and coordination environment of Au atoms in clusters.Further ReaxFF molecular dynamics(RMD)simulation confirmed the strong interaction between Au nanoclusters(NCs)and S-G.This substrate-anchoring process could serve as an effective strategy to study ultrafine nanoclusters’electrocatalytic behavior while minimizing the destruction of the under-coordinated surface motif under harsh electrochemical reaction conditions.

Optimal ordering policy for platelets:Data-driven method vs model-driven method

Platelets,one of the most significant materials in treating leukemia,have a limited shelf life of approximately five days.Because platelets cannot be manufactured and can only be centrifuged from whole or donated blood directly,an accurate ordering policy is necessary for the efficient use of this limited blood resource.Given this motivation,the present study examines an ordering policy for platelets to minimize the expected shortage and overage.Rather than using the two-step model-driven method that first fits a demand distribution and then optimizes the order quantity,we solve the issue using an integrated datadriven method.Specifically,the data-driven method works directly with demand data and does not rely on the assumption of demand distribution.Consequently,we derive theoretical insights into the optimal solutions.Through a comparative analysis,we find that the data-driven method has a mean anchoring effect,and the amounts of shortage and overage reduced by this method are greater than those reduced by the model-driven method.Finally,we present an extended model with the service level requirement and conclude that the order decided by the data-driven method can precisely satisfy the service level requirement;however,the order decided by the model-driven method may be either higher or lower than the service level requirement and can lead to a higher cost.

Promotional effect of cerium on nickel-containing mesoporous silica for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

A series of Ce-promoted 6.7%Ni-containing mesoporous silica(Ce-Ni-Si O2)with varying Ce content(0.5%–4.8%)was prepared using the evaporation-induced self-assembly method.The characterization results showed that Ce and Ni species were homogeneously incorporated into the mesoporous silica matrix.The catalytic properties of these samples in the dry reforming of methane reaction revealed that the catalysts(e.g.,1.2%Ce-Ni-Si O2)containing highly dispersed small Ni particles exhibited excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability,which is attributed to the anchoring effect of the Ce and its ability to increase surface oxygen species concentration.