Development and Evolution of Papermaking in Ancient China based on the Uses and Forms of Paper

In the past,scholars have divided the history of Chinese papermaking into different stages based on the development of ancient papermaking technology,emphasizing the development and progress of papermaking in different historical periods but paying less attention to the changes in the form of paper.Here,the stages are defined based on changes in use and function rather than technological developments.When this approach is combined with the history of printing,books,calligraphy,and painting,the history of Chinese papermaking can be divided into the writing paper,writing and printing paper,printing paper,and calligraphy and painting paper periods.Different periods of paper have significant differences in texture,form,and performance owing to their different applications.This significant difference provides a reference for the identification of ancient papers and reveals the internal connection between the history of printing,books,calligraphy,painting,and papermaking.

MOLTEN SALT AND SLAG IN ANCIENT CHINA

This paper deals with molten salt and slag in ancient China. The following fields are discussed: copper smelting.bronze melting and casting, bronze weapons manufacturing. iron smelting. glaze and glass making. Some important archaeological diseoveries are also describled.

An Examination of Social Relief in Ancient China

Social assistance and relief to the impoverished and vulnerable groups is a timehonored tradition that has been continued throughout Chinese history.Although social and economic development varied from one historical period to another,poverty,being a social phenomenon,can be found in any historical society.Under no circumstances could the ruling class ignore the very existence of such special groups.To meet the needs of social development and political ruling,the imperial governments of all dynasties in Chinese history invariably offered social assistance and relief to the vulnerable groups to highlight their consideration and care of them at the state level.

THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ISLANDS IN ANCIENT CHINA

The thesis studies the ancient place names recorded in Chinese ancient maps, such as Shanhuzhou, Changsha, Shitang, Qianlichangsha, Jiuruleizhou,Shixingshitang, Wanlishitang, Wanlichangti, Changshahai, Shitanghai, Nanoqi,Hongmaoqian, Dongsha, Hongmaqian, and more than 100 folk place manes recorded in Geng Lu Bu and some finding rePOrts. After that, it POints out that the formaer representing the colony of coral reef are general place names and the latter representing the individual coral reefs are particular place names. Both of them set up the place name system of the South China Sea islands in ancient China. It also POints out that it is the Chinese People who first name the South China Sea islands before west colonialists invaded the islands, and nine place names of itu Aha, Namyit island, Sincowe islands, Subi Reef, Lankian Cay, London Reef, Passukeak, Thitu island, and Duncan Island, which were used by the west coloniali are transliteration place names of Chinese folk place names, Lastly, the paper draw the conclussion that the namenclature of the South China Sea Islands in ancient China provide the strongist evidence that the South China Sea islands are parts of China.

Correlation analysis between the occurrence of epidemic in ancient China and solar activity

As the globe has witnessed the pandemic,epidemic diseases exert a strong impact on human beings and ecosystems.Since the Sun is the primary energy source of the Earth,some scientific pioneers attempted to search for the discernible relation between solar activity and the incidence of epidemics.In this study,the periodic changes and trends of ancient Chinese epidemic data were analyzed in comparison with those of sunspot numbers,a solar activity proxy.The results show that the epidemic and solar activity changes are in good agreement to a certain extent,especially during the Gleissberg and the de Vries cycles.The wavelet coherence shows that the frequency of the epidemic data and sunspot numbers are highly associated.In addition,results from the ensemble empirical mode decomposition illustrate consistent variations in low-frequency decompositions.This study has important implications for further understanding of the potential impact of solar activity on Earth’s biosphere,the underlying mechanism of which needs further exploration.

Semiotic rhetoric of gift giving in ancient China

This paper examines the signifying mechanism of gift-giving in ancient China from the perspective of semiotic rhetoric,aiming to answer the question of what can be regarded as li(roughly meaning ceremony,rite,courtesy,or gift)or,in other words,how the social meaning of gifts is constructed in giving semiosis.It describes four dominant rhetorical devices that existed in ritual and non-ritual gift exchanges in ancient China.The ritual gift tended to adopt simile and conceit as its meaning-construction device,becoming a symbolic good beyond‘thingness'and thus fulfilling the sociocultural function of ritual.Non-ritual giving activity made use of semiotic metonymy and synecdoche as a strategy of indirectness'to maintain the relationship between the giver and receiver in daily communications.

Variation of the earth's rotation derived from timing records of solar eclipse in ancient China

In the study of variation of the earth’s rotation based on the records of some ancientastronomical events, the timing records of ancient astronomical events and phenomena, suchas solar and lunar eclises and lunar occultation, are important components of the data.The reliable records, especially those from the countries and regions with advanced an-cient astronomy and timing technology, contain valuable information on the variation

△T Derived From the Latest Textual Criticism of Timing Records of Lunar Eclipses in Ancient China

In abundant old observational records of lunar eclipses in ancient China, some with timing of lunar eclipse phase are significant to the study of secular variation and fluctuation of the Earth’s rotation.Among the over 700 observational records for about 400 lunar eclipses,133 observational times of eclipse phases about

Researches on Ancient Village Tourism in China

Through studying 83 dissertations about ancient village tourism listed in CJFD(Chinese Journal Full-text Database) in 2001-2008,including classification,sorting and thematic analysis,research progress and current situation of domestic ancient village tourism in the past 8 years were summarized,which mainly involved with tourism resources,tourism development and protection,tourism products,operation and management,sustainable development,community interests,social and cultural influence of ancient village tourism,ancient village tourism study.In this way,it can provide certain theoretical guidance for the future research and development of ancient village tourism in China.

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

本模块知识网络词汇短语园地1. equal adj.平等的All men are born equal.人生来平等。拓展equal vt.等;和……相等;抵得上Three plus five equals eight.3加5等于8。None of us can equal her in strength.在力气方面我们当中无人能比得上她。

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

(满分120分;时间80分钟)第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。