Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine ra...Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine rapidly decreased incidence rates of pertussis in the province,however,despite the wide high coverage of the diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis(DTaP)combined vaccine,there has been a resurgence of pertussis since 2014.Even with this recent increase in disease transmission,risk factors for pertussis infection have not been evaluated in Guizhou.We aimed to provide information on pertussis risk factors and insight on designing targeted pertussis control policies and measures through this study.Methods:A 1:2 matched retrospective case-control study was conducted between 2016 and 2017,involving infants and children younger than 6 years old and parents of the participants.The enrolled cases included clinical and laboratory confirmed pertussis cases according to the WHO-recommended pertussis definition.Controls were selected from children in the same neighborhood who were not diagnosed with pertussis prior to our investigation and did not exhibit any clinical manifestations of pertussis.Results:The household size[Matched odds ratio(OR_(m)=1.4,95%confidence interval(Cl):1.1-1.7]and household members with antecedent cough(OR_(m)=3.6,95%CI:1.8-7.2)were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset.The parents’occupations were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset(ORm=9.4,95%CI:1.6-54.8,for mother side;ORm=4.5,95%CI:1.2-16.5,for father side),when they worked in the business and/or service industry.Having family members with a history of cough was an independent risk factor for pertussis[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=43.6,95%CI:2.7-694.0].Besides,the parents’demographic characteristics and DTaP doses were not found to be independent factors.Conclusion:Household exposure is an important risk factor for pertussis infection in infants and young children and should therefore be considered as a major factor during formulation of pertussis control policies and measures.展开更多
目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞...目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP/Hib)、百日咳疫苗效力参考品(全细胞疫苗,wP)按0、30、60 d 3剂免疫程序免疫Wistar大鼠,检测各组大鼠每剂免疫后的血清中各组分抗体水平。在免疫完成后3周,用百日咳18323株通过气雾攻击的方式感染大鼠。在感染后的第3、7、14、21和28天检测各组白细胞数、肺部菌落克隆形成数以及百日咳疫苗组分抗体变化水平。结果候选疫苗组3剂次免疫完成后PT抗体几何平均滴度(GMT,log2)为16.74,FHA抗体GMT为18.44,PRN抗体GMT为10.75,DT抗体GMT为17.34,TT抗体GMT为17.84,针对3种Sabin脊髓灰质炎病毒株(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型)的抗体的GMT分别为7.57、8.41和9.70,均达到100%阳转。候选疫苗抗原组分抗体除了PRN和I型IPV外,其他组分抗体水平均与疫苗对照组相比无显著性差异。在基础免疫完成后3周对大鼠进行百日咳杆菌气雾攻击,各疫苗组均表现较好的保护效果,白细胞水平都呈现平稳状态,虽然在肺部也检测到少量细菌定植,但各疫苗组间差异不明显,且在感染后第28天都清除至检测限;而空白对照组在肺部则检测到了大量细菌定植,且在感染后第28天都并未清除至检测限,百日咳特异性的FHA和PRN抗体在感染后的第14天也出现了相应的升高。结论候选疫苗在Wistar大鼠模型上具有较好的免疫保护效果。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Grant No.[2019]1185).
文摘Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine rapidly decreased incidence rates of pertussis in the province,however,despite the wide high coverage of the diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis(DTaP)combined vaccine,there has been a resurgence of pertussis since 2014.Even with this recent increase in disease transmission,risk factors for pertussis infection have not been evaluated in Guizhou.We aimed to provide information on pertussis risk factors and insight on designing targeted pertussis control policies and measures through this study.Methods:A 1:2 matched retrospective case-control study was conducted between 2016 and 2017,involving infants and children younger than 6 years old and parents of the participants.The enrolled cases included clinical and laboratory confirmed pertussis cases according to the WHO-recommended pertussis definition.Controls were selected from children in the same neighborhood who were not diagnosed with pertussis prior to our investigation and did not exhibit any clinical manifestations of pertussis.Results:The household size[Matched odds ratio(OR_(m)=1.4,95%confidence interval(Cl):1.1-1.7]and household members with antecedent cough(OR_(m)=3.6,95%CI:1.8-7.2)were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset.The parents’occupations were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset(ORm=9.4,95%CI:1.6-54.8,for mother side;ORm=4.5,95%CI:1.2-16.5,for father side),when they worked in the business and/or service industry.Having family members with a history of cough was an independent risk factor for pertussis[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=43.6,95%CI:2.7-694.0].Besides,the parents’demographic characteristics and DTaP doses were not found to be independent factors.Conclusion:Household exposure is an important risk factor for pertussis infection in infants and young children and should therefore be considered as a major factor during formulation of pertussis control policies and measures.
文摘目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP/Hib)、百日咳疫苗效力参考品(全细胞疫苗,wP)按0、30、60 d 3剂免疫程序免疫Wistar大鼠,检测各组大鼠每剂免疫后的血清中各组分抗体水平。在免疫完成后3周,用百日咳18323株通过气雾攻击的方式感染大鼠。在感染后的第3、7、14、21和28天检测各组白细胞数、肺部菌落克隆形成数以及百日咳疫苗组分抗体变化水平。结果候选疫苗组3剂次免疫完成后PT抗体几何平均滴度(GMT,log2)为16.74,FHA抗体GMT为18.44,PRN抗体GMT为10.75,DT抗体GMT为17.34,TT抗体GMT为17.84,针对3种Sabin脊髓灰质炎病毒株(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型)的抗体的GMT分别为7.57、8.41和9.70,均达到100%阳转。候选疫苗抗原组分抗体除了PRN和I型IPV外,其他组分抗体水平均与疫苗对照组相比无显著性差异。在基础免疫完成后3周对大鼠进行百日咳杆菌气雾攻击,各疫苗组均表现较好的保护效果,白细胞水平都呈现平稳状态,虽然在肺部也检测到少量细菌定植,但各疫苗组间差异不明显,且在感染后第28天都清除至检测限;而空白对照组在肺部则检测到了大量细菌定植,且在感染后第28天都并未清除至检测限,百日咳特异性的FHA和PRN抗体在感染后的第14天也出现了相应的升高。结论候选疫苗在Wistar大鼠模型上具有较好的免疫保护效果。
