An integral constitutive equation and a set of material functions for describing the strain history of polymer melts were formulated in terms of the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors. A simple memory function and the de...An integral constitutive equation and a set of material functions for describing the strain history of polymer melts were formulated in terms of the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors. A simple memory function and the dependence of ηo and τt on M3.4 were derived from the theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constraints of entanglements for polymer melts and substituted into the Oldroye-Walters-Fredickson constitutive equation. An integral constitutive equation for polymer melts was consequently obtained. Some material functions of the constitutive equation related to certain 'test flow' are examined as follows : (1) simple steady shear flow; (2) steady elongation flow; (3) small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow; (4) stress growth upon the inception of steady shear elongation flow; (5) stress relaxation (modulus and compllance). These theoretical relations for simple steady shear flow were compared with experimental data from our laboratory and references for various polymer melts and concentrated solutions. A good agreement between the theory and experiment was achieved.展开更多
This review covers the developments in rare earth elements analysis over the period from 2003 to 2005. Some novel separation and determination methods and their applications in rare earth elements analysis were presen...This review covers the developments in rare earth elements analysis over the period from 2003 to 2005. Some novel separation and determination methods and their applications in rare earth elements analysis were presented and discussed in detail. Some new materials, such as ionic liquids, nanometer materials and ion-imprinted polymers, and some new technologies, such as cloud point extraction, membrane extraction and capillary electrophoresis were successful used in rare earth elements analysis. The determination methods of NAA, ICP-OES and ICP-MS were also discussed in detail.展开更多
This paper described a novel method for the preconcentration of Pb（II） using microcrystalline triphenylmethane loaded with quinolin-8-olate prior to the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Pb（II...This paper described a novel method for the preconcentration of Pb（II） using microcrystalline triphenylmethane loaded with quinolin-8-olate prior to the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Pb（II） could be enriched by controlling appropriate condition. The preconcentration factor could reach to 200 and the detection limit of Pb（II） was 0.074 μg/L. The recovery was in a range of 93.5-103% with relative standard deviation of 1.0-2.2%. The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of trace Pb（U） in various water samples with satisfactory result.展开更多
On-line dissolution of solid metal sample can be carried out by electrolysis under the control of flow injection analyzer(FIA),and the dissolved sample can be transferred to atomic spectrometer for the direct analysis...On-line dissolution of solid metal sample can be carried out by electrolysis under the control of flow injection analyzer(FIA),and the dissolved sample can be transferred to atomic spectrometer for the direct analysis.The hyphenated technique of FIA on-line electrolytic dissolution of alloy and atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS)detection is developed.The research is focused on the effects of electrolyte composition and electrolysis parameters on the sample dissolving,as well as the quantitative analysis of Cu in Al alloy samples.展开更多
On the basis of the criterion of no-wrinkle, the principle and method of prediction and determination of both friction coefficient and forming force on sheet metal deep-drawing are put forward, and proved it's exp...On the basis of the criterion of no-wrinkle, the principle and method of prediction and determination of both friction coefficient and forming force on sheet metal deep-drawing are put forward, and proved it's expedience and practicability. They are suitable for assessment of lubricant properties. Friction coefficient and forming force are a function of material parameter, design parameter and process parameter, especially relative prevent wrinkle blank-holder force. Product of both friction coefficient and prevent wrinkle blank-holder force is only function of process parameter after determining material parameter and design parameter.展开更多
Several planar waveguides have been fabricated. The waveguides have been polished for determination of their refractive index profiles (RIP) by wedge method. The RIP determined by inserting the sample in a Mach-Zehnde...Several planar waveguides have been fabricated. The waveguides have been polished for determination of their refractive index profiles (RIP) by wedge method. The RIP determined by inserting the sample in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and applying fringe analysis methods.展开更多
High performance liquid chromatography with a C18 reverse-phase column was used to separate the five components in cough syrup,including acetaminophen,p-aminophenol,caffeine,chlorphenamine maleate and guaifenesin.The ...High performance liquid chromatography with a C18 reverse-phase column was used to separate the five components in cough syrup,including acetaminophen,p-aminophenol,caffeine,chlorphenamine maleate and guaifenesin.The mobile phase consists of 15wt% acetonitrile,0.004mol/L sodium heptyl sulfonate, 0.03mole/L potassium di-hydrogen phosphate and triethylamine (volume ratio 13∶40∶44∶3),the pH of which is adjusted to 3.0 by phosphoric acid.The contents of the five components are analyzed on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 254nm,with a flow rate of 0.4mL/min.The results show that the calibration curves are linear in a certain range.The average recovery of five components is between 96.31% and 102.3%.展开更多
Einstein’s theory of general relativity is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as interplanetary navigation,astrometry,and metrology.Modern spacecraft and interplanetary probe prediction and estimat...Einstein’s theory of general relativity is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as interplanetary navigation,astrometry,and metrology.Modern spacecraft and interplanetary probe prediction and estimation platforms employ a perturbed Newtonian framework,supplemented with the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann n-body equations of motion.While time in Newtonian mechanics is formally universal,the accuracy of modern radiometric tracking systems necessitate linear corrections via increasingly complex and error-prone post-Newtonian techniques—to account for light deflection due to the solar system bodies.With flagship projects such as the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission now operating at unprecedented levels of accuracy,we believe the standard corrected Newtonian paradigm is approaching its limits in terms of complexity.In this paper,we employ a novel prototype software,General Relativistic Accelerometer-based Propagation Environment,to reconstruct the Cassini cruise-phase trajectory during its first gravitational wave experiment in a fully relativistic framework.The results presented herein agree with post-processed trajectory information obtained from NASA’s SPICE kernels at the order of centimetres.展开更多
文摘An integral constitutive equation and a set of material functions for describing the strain history of polymer melts were formulated in terms of the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors. A simple memory function and the dependence of ηo and τt on M3.4 were derived from the theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constraints of entanglements for polymer melts and substituted into the Oldroye-Walters-Fredickson constitutive equation. An integral constitutive equation for polymer melts was consequently obtained. Some material functions of the constitutive equation related to certain 'test flow' are examined as follows : (1) simple steady shear flow; (2) steady elongation flow; (3) small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow; (4) stress growth upon the inception of steady shear elongation flow; (5) stress relaxation (modulus and compllance). These theoretical relations for simple steady shear flow were compared with experimental data from our laboratory and references for various polymer melts and concentrated solutions. A good agreement between the theory and experiment was achieved.
文摘This review covers the developments in rare earth elements analysis over the period from 2003 to 2005. Some novel separation and determination methods and their applications in rare earth elements analysis were presented and discussed in detail. Some new materials, such as ionic liquids, nanometer materials and ion-imprinted polymers, and some new technologies, such as cloud point extraction, membrane extraction and capillary electrophoresis were successful used in rare earth elements analysis. The determination methods of NAA, ICP-OES and ICP-MS were also discussed in detail.
文摘This paper described a novel method for the preconcentration of Pb（II） using microcrystalline triphenylmethane loaded with quinolin-8-olate prior to the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Pb（II） could be enriched by controlling appropriate condition. The preconcentration factor could reach to 200 and the detection limit of Pb（II） was 0.074 μg/L. The recovery was in a range of 93.5-103% with relative standard deviation of 1.0-2.2%. The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of trace Pb（U） in various water samples with satisfactory result.
文摘On-line dissolution of solid metal sample can be carried out by electrolysis under the control of flow injection analyzer(FIA),and the dissolved sample can be transferred to atomic spectrometer for the direct analysis.The hyphenated technique of FIA on-line electrolytic dissolution of alloy and atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS)detection is developed.The research is focused on the effects of electrolyte composition and electrolysis parameters on the sample dissolving,as well as the quantitative analysis of Cu in Al alloy samples.
文摘On the basis of the criterion of no-wrinkle, the principle and method of prediction and determination of both friction coefficient and forming force on sheet metal deep-drawing are put forward, and proved it's expedience and practicability. They are suitable for assessment of lubricant properties. Friction coefficient and forming force are a function of material parameter, design parameter and process parameter, especially relative prevent wrinkle blank-holder force. Product of both friction coefficient and prevent wrinkle blank-holder force is only function of process parameter after determining material parameter and design parameter.
文摘Several planar waveguides have been fabricated. The waveguides have been polished for determination of their refractive index profiles (RIP) by wedge method. The RIP determined by inserting the sample in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and applying fringe analysis methods.
文摘High performance liquid chromatography with a C18 reverse-phase column was used to separate the five components in cough syrup,including acetaminophen,p-aminophenol,caffeine,chlorphenamine maleate and guaifenesin.The mobile phase consists of 15wt% acetonitrile,0.004mol/L sodium heptyl sulfonate, 0.03mole/L potassium di-hydrogen phosphate and triethylamine (volume ratio 13∶40∶44∶3),the pH of which is adjusted to 3.0 by phosphoric acid.The contents of the five components are analyzed on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 254nm,with a flow rate of 0.4mL/min.The results show that the calibration curves are linear in a certain range.The average recovery of five components is between 96.31% and 102.3%.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member InstitutionsJO’L acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav)(Grant No.CE170100004)JPB was funded by a DAR grant in planetology from the French Space Agency(CNES).
文摘Einstein’s theory of general relativity is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as interplanetary navigation,astrometry,and metrology.Modern spacecraft and interplanetary probe prediction and estimation platforms employ a perturbed Newtonian framework,supplemented with the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann n-body equations of motion.While time in Newtonian mechanics is formally universal,the accuracy of modern radiometric tracking systems necessitate linear corrections via increasingly complex and error-prone post-Newtonian techniques—to account for light deflection due to the solar system bodies.With flagship projects such as the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission now operating at unprecedented levels of accuracy,we believe the standard corrected Newtonian paradigm is approaching its limits in terms of complexity.In this paper,we employ a novel prototype software,General Relativistic Accelerometer-based Propagation Environment,to reconstruct the Cassini cruise-phase trajectory during its first gravitational wave experiment in a fully relativistic framework.The results presented herein agree with post-processed trajectory information obtained from NASA’s SPICE kernels at the order of centimetres.
