Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosom...Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorecta...Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.展开更多
Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relativ...Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.展开更多
Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sin...Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .展开更多
基金supported by the"863"Project in China(#863-819-01-03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(#990315).
文摘Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30070413) and China Scholarship Council. References
文摘Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.
基金TheNational Natural Science Foundation of China(3983026039625017)the International Foundation for Science(D/3001_1)
文摘Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .
文摘目的:分析常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵胚胎性染色体的异常率。方法:应用FITCT、exas red标记的X/Y染色体着丝粒部位α卫星重复序列探针,对常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH),分析其性染色体的异常率和性染色体类型。结果:共分析来自常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎111个。总胚胎固定率为92.80%,胚胎杂交率为95.15%。有杂交信号的常规体外受精后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中,胚胎性染色体二体率为54.35%,单体率为23.91%,嵌合体率为21.74%。有杂交信号的单精子显微注射后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中,胚胎性染色体二体率为34.62%,单体率为34.62%,嵌合体率为30.77%。结论:常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎有高于正常的性染色体异常率,不利于进行胚胎移植;前者性染色体二体率显著高于后者。
