Production of Aneuploid Pinctada martensii Dunker in Tetraploid Induction

Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.

合浦珠母贝四倍体诱导过程中非整倍体的产生

合浦珠母贝Pinctadamartensii (Dunker)三倍体的卵与二倍体的精子授精 ,以细胞松弛素B(CB)抑制第一极体释放诱导四倍体 ,得到胚胎期非整倍体占 (88.1 8± 6 .79) % ,1龄贝中非整倍体约占 2 8.70 %。成贝非整倍体染色体数目有 2 9,3 0 ,40 ,41 ,43条 5种类型。非整倍体作为一个群体其壳长和体重与二倍体无明显差异 (p >0 .1 0 ) ,但与三倍体有显著差异 (p<0 .0 1 ) ;二倍性水平的非整倍体的壳长和体重明显小于二倍体 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,而三倍性水平的非整倍体与二倍体无明显差异 (p >0 .1 0 )。研究结果表明 ,合浦珠母贝能耐受约单倍体染色体数目 7%— 1 4%的增加或减少 ,且表明合浦珠母贝非整倍体在一定条件下是可以存活的。

CB抑制合浦珠母贝受精卵第一极体释放的染色体分离

对CB抑制合浦珠母贝受精卵 (3n♀× 2n ,2n× 2n)第一极体释放的染色体分离行为进行了细胞学观察。结果表明 ,CB抑制第一极体改变了正常的染色体分离行为 ,在第二次减数分裂过程中出现了多极分离 ,主要有二极分离 (2 8.6 7% )、三极分离 (40 .5 6 % )及四极分离 (2 3.78% )三种模式 ,不能确定的占 6 .99%。均等的二极分离可能导致四倍体的产生 ,而部分四极分离也能产生四倍体 ,三极分离主要产生非整倍体。未处理组的染色体仍按正常的二极形式进行分离 ,释放两个极体 ,但两极的染色体数目通常存在极大差异 ,导致大量的非整倍体产生。二倍体组 (抑制第一极体 )也存在同样的多极分离模式 ,二级分离占 2 5 .0 0 % ,三极分离占2 1.5 1% ,四极分离占 34.30 % ,不能确定的占 19.19%。另外 。