Online asymmetry estimation for whole angle mode coriolis vibratory gyroscopes by high frequency injection

The whole angle mode gyroscope(WAMG)is considered to be the next generation architecture,but it is suffered from the asymmetry errors to conduct real products.This paper proposes a novel high frequency injection based approach for the error parameters online identification for the WAMG.The significance is that it can separate physical and error fingerprints to enable online calibration.The nonlinear WAMG dynamics are discretized to meet the requirement of numerical precision and computation efficiency.The optimized estimation methods are then constructed and compared to track asymmetry error parameters continuously.In the validation part,its results firstly prove that the proposed scheme can accurately identify constant asymmetry parameters with an overall tracking error of less than 1 ppm and the extreme numerical convergence can reach 10^(-12)ppm.Under the dynamic asymmetry variation condition,the root mean square errors(RMSE)indicate that the tracking accuracy can reach the level of10^(-3),which shows the robustness of the proposed scheme.In summary,the proposed method can effectively estimate the WAMG asymmetry errors online with satisfied performance and practical values.

The Correlation of Gyroscope Axial Velocities

In engineering,all movable expanse revolving objects manifest gyroscopic effects.These effects are created by the action of the outer load on the revolving items whose rotating mass originates eight inertial torques about two axes.Two torques of centrifugal forces,one torque of the Coriolis force originated by the rotating distributed mass,and the torque of the change in the angular momentum of the center mass act about each axis.The inertial torques activate rotations of the gyroscope by the determined correlation.Inertial torques depend on their geometry and orientation at the spatial coordinate system.The known analytical model for the rotation of the revolving disc about axes contains a mechanical error.This error was obtained by the incorrect integration of the centrifugal inertial torque.The corrected inertial torque yields the accurate expression for the interacted rotations of the revolving disc about axes.

Temperature compensation method for low cost three-axis MEMS digital angular rate gyroscopes

In recent years,a large number of small volume,low cost micro electro mechanical systems（MEMS）digital three-axis angular rate gyroscopes have been developed and widely used in civil and military fields.However,these kinds of gyroscopes have poor performances in initial zero-bias,temperature drift,In-Run bias stability,bias repeatability,etc.,their output errors need to be compensated before being used.Based on a lot of experiments,the temperature drift and the initial zero-bias are the major error sources in the MEMS gyroscopes output data.Due to the poor repeatability of temperature drift,the temperature compensation coefficients need to be recalculated every time before using.In order to recalculate parameters of the temperature compensation model quickly,a 1st-order polynomial model of temperature is established,then a forgetting factor recursive least squares estimator will be adopted to identify the model parameters in real time.Static and dynamic experimental data shows that this method removed/compensated the temperature drift and initial zero-bias from the output of the gyroscopes effectively.

Influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope

In order to find out the influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope, the digital models for relative error of the high and low damping gyroscope's output signal are given respectively, based on the motion equations of the silicon micromachined gyroscope. Theory proves that the output signal error of the silicon micromachined sensor is mainly caused by the instability of damping factor and the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself. The experiment result indicates that the error of proportionality coefficient of output voltage which is caused by the instability of the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself reaches to 4.1 %. Theoretical demonstration and experimental verification show that the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself has an important effect on the stability of low damping silicon micromachined gyroscope.

GNSS gyroscopes:determination of angular velocity and acceleration with very high-rate GNSS

Although global navigation satellite systems(GNSS)have been routinely applied to determine attitudes,there exists no literature on determining angular velocity and/or angular acceleration from GNSS.Motivated by the invention of computerized accelerometers of the correspondence author and following the success of accurately recovering translational velocity and acceleration waveforms from very high-rate GNSS precise positioning by Xu and his collaborators in 2021,we propose the concept of GNSS gyroscopes and reconstruct angular velocity and acceleration from very high-rate GNSS attitudes by applying regularization under the criterion of minimum mean squared errors.The major results from the experiments can be summarized in the following:(i)angular velocity and acceleration waveforms computed by applying the difference methods to high-rate GNSS attitudes are too noisy and can be physically not meaningful and numerically incorrect.The same can be said about inertial measurement unit(IMU)attitudes,if IMU gyros are not of very high accuracy;(ii)regularization is successfully applied to reconstruct the high-rate angular velocity and acceleration waveforms from 50 Hz GNSS attitudes and significantly outperforms the difference methods,validating the proposed concept of GNSS gyroscopes.By comparing the angular velocity and acceleration results by using the difference methods and regularization,we find that the peak values of angular velocity and acceleration by regularization are much smaller by a maximum factor of 1.57 in the angular velocity to a maximum factor of 8662.53 times in the angular acceleration in the case of high-rate GNSS,and by a maximum factor of 1.26 in the angular velocity to a maximum factor of 2819.85 times in the angular acceleration in the case of IMU,respectively;and(iii)the IMU attitudes apparently lead to better regularized angular velocity and acceleration waveforms than the high-rate GNSS attitudes,which can well be explained by the fact that the former is of better accuracy than the latter.As a result,to suppress the significant amplification of noise in GNSS attitudes,larger regularization parameters have to be chosen for the high-rate GNSS attitudes,resulting in smaller peak angular accelerations by a maximum factor of 37.55 percent in the angular velocity to a maximum factor of 6.20 times in the angular acceleration in comparison of the corresponding IMU results.Nevertheless,the regularized angular acceleration waveforms for both GNSS and IMU look more or less similar in pattern or waveform shape.

Interrelation of Precessed Motions of the Gyroscope

The fundamental principles of the gyroscope theory contain the system of the inertial torques generated by the rotating mass of the spinning disc that interrelated by the ratio of its angular velocities rotation around axes. The action of the centrifugal, common inertial Coriolis forces and the change in the angular momentum generate the system of inertial torques. These four dynamical components make up the system of the eight torques acting simultaneously on the spinning disc. They manifest their action in gyroscopic effects. The ratio of the precessed motions of the gyroscope presents one of the gyroscopic effects around axes of rotation. The known mathematical model for this ratio contains an error that was corrected in this work.

A Silicon Micromachined Gyroscope Driven by the Rotating Carrier Self

This paper reported a silicon micromachined gyroscope which is driven by the rotating carrier's angular velocity,the silicon was manufactured by anisotropy etching.The design,fabrication and packing of the sensing element were introduced in the paper.The imitation experimentation and performance test have certificated that the principle of the gyroscope is correct and the gyroscope can be used to sense yawing or pitching angular velocity of the rotating carrier,and the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself.

陀螺角速度控制下的单辙两轮车自平衡研究

针对单辙两轮车的不稳定的系统,提出通过控制两个单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)来研究单辙两轮车的自平衡问题,设计了一个基于滑模控制(SMC)的陀螺角速度控制器,控制SGCMG产生进动力矩,并采用一个奇异回避算法避免陀螺发生奇异现象,以实现整车在静止和动态下的自平衡,并通过仿真验证验证在越障和跨壕沟路况时的自平衡能力。仿真结果表明,所采用的控制方法能够以较小的框架角度使整车快速平衡到直立状态,并且在行驶过过程中很好的抵抗外部干扰,以一个距平衡角度2°范围内的侧倾角度行驶,仿真结果对单辙两轮车的平衡行驶有显著意义。

A toroidal SAW gyroscope with focused IDTs for sensitivity enhancement

A surface acoustic wave(SAW)gyroscope measures the rate of rotational angular velocity by exploiting a phenomenon known as the SAW gyroscope effect.Such a gyroscope is a great candidate for application in harsh environments because of the simplification of the suspension vibration mechanism necessary for traditional microelectromechanical system(MEMS)gyroscopes.Here,for the first time,we propose a novel toroidal standing-wave-mode SAW gyroscope using focused interdigitated transducers(FIDTs).Unlike traditional SAW gyroscopes that use linear IDTs to generate surface acoustic waves,which cause beam deflection and result in energy dissipation,this study uses FIDTs to concentrate the SAW energy based on structural features,resulting in better focusing performance and increased SAW amplitude.The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the structure is 1.51µV/(°/s),and the bias instability is 0.77°/s,which are improved by an order of magnitude compared to those of a traditional SAW gyroscope.Thus,the FIDT component can enhance the performance of the SAW gyroscope,demonstrating its superiority for angular velocity measurements.This work provides new insights into improving the sensitivity and performance of SAW gyroscopes.

微半球谐振陀螺角速度解算优化与噪声抑制方法研究

由于微半球谐振陀螺在常规角度解算方法下角度信号会发生突变,导致角速度信号存在周跳现象,针对这一现象,采用一种基于偏导法的角速度解算方法消除跳点,并通过仿真和实验进行了验证。由于硬件噪声以及差分输出等因素,陀螺输出角速度信号噪声较大,针对这一问题,利用自抗扰控制算法抑制噪声,从理论上分析了降噪算法的可行性,并通过仿真和实验进行了验证。设计相应的测控电路进行性能测试,实验结果显示,使用偏导法进行角速度解算消除了原始信号中的跳点现象,使用自抗扰控制算法明显降低了角速度信号的噪声,改进后的零偏稳定性提高了25.63%,角度随机游走降低了83.89%。

无驱动结构MEMS陀螺自旋频率补偿

无驱动结构MEMS陀螺的结构简单、自身没有驱动结构,依靠载体自旋为其提供驱动力。该类MEMS陀螺在工作过程中易受自旋频率影响,使输出信号与输入角速度之间产生非线性误差。针对自旋频率影响陀螺输出信号的问题,文中提出一种非线性补偿方法。通过软件程序与硬件电路相结合,对陀螺在不同自旋频率与输入角速度下的输出信号进行分析,并对输出信号进行非线性补偿,以此来实现陀螺的自旋频率补偿。通过将补偿前后的输出信号进行对比,得出所提方法可以有效地消除陀螺输出信号与输入角速度之间存在的非线性误差。实验结果表明,补偿后的陀螺输出信号准确性提高97.0%,稳定性提高90.8%,在一定程度上可以消除自旋频率对陀螺输出信号的影响,提高陀螺性能。

德国基于惯性测量的轨道缺陷检测模拟研究

为准确快捷地检测轨道缺陷、保障铁路安全运营,德国斯图加特大学铁路和运输研究所创建车辆-轨道模型,模拟多种不同程度的轨道缺陷状态,并在模型车辆上搭载集成惯性测量系统以同时测量三轴加速度和陀螺仪角速度,然后利用连续小波变换和袋装决策树算法对测量结果进行分析,从而显著提高轨道缺陷检测的精度。文章将对该模型及相关研究进行介绍。

旋转载体驱动硅微机械陀螺的设计和性能检测

提出了一种利用旋转载体自身角速度驱动的硅微机械陀螺,分析了该陀螺的工作原理,建立了这种陀螺的数学模型,设计了该陀螺的敏感结构,计算了陀螺的结构动力学参数,设计并分析了陀螺的信号检测与处理电路并针对该陀螺的特点设计了性能测试装置。理论研究和性能测试表明,利用旋转载体自身角速度驱动的硅微机械陀螺结构原理正确。

基于神经网络的无陀螺捷联惯导系统姿态预测

在无陀螺捷联惯导系统中,以工程问题为研究背景,针对以往解算载体角速度精度不高,导航误差随时间积累较快的问题,提出了基于信息融合理论的BP神经网络模型预测飞行体姿态的系统,并采用LM算法,提高学习速度。在研究了加速度传感器输出信号对飞行体姿态影响的基础上,将加速度计的输出信息作为输入变量,飞行体的实时三轴角速度作为目标信号建立网络模型。选取测试样本进行训练,得到较高精度的角速度输出,再运用四元数法解算姿态角,从一定程度上抑制了误差的积累。仿真结果表明该优化算法收敛速度快,对角速度的预测精度较高,并且合理选择及增加样本信息可以提高网络的泛化能力,为该系统走向工程实践提供了理论依据。

无驱动结构微机械陀螺理论分析

应用欧拉动力学基本方程,对无驱动结构的硅微机械陀螺进行了理论分析,推导出陀螺在俯仰和偏航角速度同时存在情况下的动力学方程,建立了陀螺输出信号的数学模型。理论分析了陀螺输出信号的特点以及与俯仰、偏航角速度的关系。最后,通过实物仿真实验,验证了推导的正确性,为无驱动结构陀螺的应用提供了理论指导。

一种基于磁传感器的MEMS陀螺标定方法

根据微型航姿测量系统各传感器的特点,研究出了一种基于磁传感器输出的MEMS陀螺标定方法,并根据MEMS陀螺误差参数模型设计相应的补偿算法,分别对MEMS陀螺的零偏和标度因数误差进行了补偿。与传统标定方法相比,该方法实现简单,适用于现场标定。实验结果表明,该标定方法能够有效地提高MEMS陀螺测量精度,补偿后陀螺在静态条件下2min内,俯仰角漂移小于0.035°,倾斜角漂移小于0.15°,航向角的漂移小于0.2°。当陀螺三轴均有角速率输入时,在角速度小于25°/s情况下误差都能保持在±2°以内。

利用加速度计和角速度仪的笔杆运动姿态检测

在笔杆上安装加速度和角速度传感器测量笔杆的运动姿态时,由于两种传感器的性质不同,再经过运算处理后,对测量结果精度的作用也不同。为此,本文利用3种卡尔曼滤波观测模型,分析比较了只利用加速度传感器、只利用角速度传感器以及同时利用加速度和角速度传感器数据3种情况下估计笔杆运动姿态的结果及特点。实验表明,角速度传感器可以较准确地确定角速度,但角度累计误差较大;加速度传感器的静态分量可以较准确地确定姿态角度,但对角度变化不灵敏,两者结合起来可以互相弥补欠缺,有利于笔杆的运动姿态检测。

船体变形测量中激光陀螺零偏误差的补偿

激光陀螺在船体角形变自主测量中具有重要应用。根据激光陀螺自主测量船体角形变的角速度匹配测量方程,推导了静态形变和动态形变的误差方程并分析了激光陀螺的随机零偏误差对两者的影响,提出了随机零偏误差模型的改进方法。该方法构建了惯性姿态匹配测量的最优滤波器,将随机零偏误差建模为微弱白噪声驱动的随机游走模型和零均值的白噪声模型,并实时地将随机零偏误差差值的估计量反馈到激光陀螺输出的角增量中进行补偿。仿真结果表明激光陀螺的随机零偏误差模型经过改进后,角形变的估计误差优于10角秒,陀螺随机零偏差值的估计趋于平稳。

无驱动硅微机械陀螺

报道了无驱动结构硅微机械陀螺,推导了输出电压方程。从方程表达式可看出,该陀螺输出信号包含旋转载体的偏航和俯仰角速度及自旋角速度的信息。通过实验说明如何在输出信号中提取相关信息,即输出信号的频率表示载体自旋角速度的平均值,输出信号的包络表示载体偏航和俯仰角速度大小的瞬时值,输出信号的极性由输出波形的相位超前和滞后确定。最后给出该陀螺目前所达到的主要性能指标。

提高双框架磁悬浮CMG动态响应能力的磁轴承补偿控制方法与试验研究

针对高动态响应双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺对高速转子悬浮精度的影响,分析磁悬浮高速转子与内、外框架非线性耦合特性,建立内外框架转动时的高速转子动力学模型。该模型在原有陀螺力矩的基础上兼顾转动惯性力矩,考虑到转动惯性力矩中框架角加速度变量在测量过程中存在的不确定干扰和噪声,采用鲁棒H∞滤波对内外框架角加速度进行滤波估计;在此基础上,根据力矩补偿控制策略,利用磁轴承控制系统驱动线圈产生相应的电磁力,对转动惯性力矩和陀螺力矩进行补偿控制。试验结果表明,H∞滤波对于噪声的不确定性具有良好的鲁棒性,磁悬浮高速转子跳动量减至补偿前的30%以内,提高了磁悬浮系统的稳定性和悬浮精度,改善了控制力矩陀螺的力矩输出特性。