Dual-functional poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate)mixed brushes with switchable protein adsorption and antibacterial properties

Herein,binary mixed brushes consisting of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)(PMOXA)and poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate)(PDMAEMA)with different chain lengths were fabricated by successive grafting of NH_(2)-terminated PMOXA and SH-terminated PDMAEMA onto polydopamine-anchored substrates.The mixed-brush coating was characterized by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential measurements,water contact angle,and atomic force microscopy.The mixed brushes showed tunable surface charge,wettability,and surface roughness,depending on the degree of PDMAEMA swelling under varying pH and ionic strength(Ⅰ).Then the adsorption behaviors of pepsin,bovine serum albumin(BSA),γ-globulin,and lysozyme,four very different proteins with regard to isoelectric point,on the mixed brushes coating were studied by using fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance.When the chain length of PDMAEMA was about twice as long as PMOXA,the mixed brushes not only had high adsorption capacity for pepsin,BSA,and y-globulin but also had a desorption efficiency of 86.9%,87.1%,and 93.5%,respectively.It is explained that electrostatic attraction between the protonated PDMAEMA and positively charged acidic proteins(pepsin and BSA,whose isoelectric points were below the pK_(a) of PDMAEMA)would drive the intensive adsorption(at pH 3,I=10^(-3)mol·L^(-1)for pepsin,and pH 5,I=10^(-5)mol·L^(-1)for BSA),while desorption was dominated by the hydrophilic PMOXA when PDMAEMA was shrinking(at pH 7,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)for pepsin,and pH 9,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)for BSA).Furthermore,the isoelectric precipitation led to the adsorption of neutral protein(γ-globulin,whose isoelectric point was near the pK_a of PDMAEMA)at pH 7,I=10^(-5)mol·L^(-1),while electrostatic repulsion and antifouling PMOXA triggered the desorption of y-globulin at pH 3,I-10^(-1)mol·L^(-1).However,alkaline protein(lysozyme,whose isoelectric point was higher than the pK_(a) of PDMAEMA)exhibited slight adsorption on PMOXA/PDMAEMA mixed brushes under test conditions,regardless of whether PMOXA or PDMAEMA occupied the outermost layer.The antibacterial property of the mixed brushes against Escherichia coli was investigated.PMOXA/PDMAEMA mixed brushes showed significant bactericidal activity at pH 3,I=10^(-3)mol·L^(-1),while the rinse of pH 9,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)solution could remove most of the residual bacteria.This work not only enables controlled adsorption of proteins with different isoelectric points but also ensures that the surface of the coating is minimized from bacterial contamination.

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5, 7 and pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a very poor prognosis. Recently, there has been a significant increase in research directed towards identifying potential biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and provide prognostic information for pancreatic cancer. These markers can be used clinically to optimize and personalize therapy for individual patients. In this review, we focused on 3 biomarkers involved in the DNA damage response pathway and the necroptosis pathway: Chromodomainhelicase-DNA binding protein 5, chromodomain-helicaseDNA binding protein 7, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The aim of this article is to review present literature provided for these biomarkers and current studies in which their effectiveness as prognostic biomarkers are analyzed in order to determine their future use as biomarkers in clinical medicine. Based on the data presented, these biomarkers warrant further investigation,and should be validated in future studies.

Production of Protein Feedstuff by Mixed Fermentation of Waste Lees

[ Objective] To produce protein feedstuff by mix fermentation of waste lees. [ Method] Waste lees was fermented by mixture of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma vinde and Candida tropicalis to produce protein feedstuff. The fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. [ Result] The optimum fermentation conditions of waste lees are as following： raw materials with fineness of 20 meshes composed of waste lees of 750 g/kg, com meal of 50 g/kg and wheat bran of 200 g/kg; pH value of inoculum culture, 5.0; Aspergillus niger： Trichoderma viHde： Candida tropicalis, 1 ： 1 ： 1 ; inoculum size, 12% （V/V） ; fermentation temperature, 30 ℃; and fermentation time, 6 d. After fermentation, the crude protein content, pure protein content, and crude fiber content were increased by 78.97%, 56.29% and 31.60%, respectively. In addition, the fermented waste lees was rich in beneficial live microorganisms and bioactive substances such as enzymes and vitamins. [ Conclusion] Waste lees can be well fermented to produce protein feedstuff by mix fermentation.

EFFECTS OF SIMVASTAIN COMBINED WITH OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON HIGH SENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, LIPIDEMIA, ANDFIBRINOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MIXED DYSLIPIDEMIA

Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein(HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipi-demia. Methods A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled and parallel group trial was conducted. Patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents with mixed dyslipidemia were treated with 10 or 20 mg simvastatin for 6-12 weeks. Following with the treatment of patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) reaching goal level (< 100 mg/dL) or close to the goal (< 130 mg/dL), while triglyceride (TG) ≥200 mg/dL and < 500 mg/dL, was combined with omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) or a placebo for 2 months. The effects of the treatment on HsCRP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-ch, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch), TG, lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were investigated. Forty patients finished the study with each group consisting of twenty patients. Results (1) There were significant reductions of HsCRP, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-ch, which decreased by 2.16 ±2.77 mg/L (38.5%), 94.0 ±65.4 mg/dL (31.1%), 13.3 ±22.3 mg/dL (6.3%), 0.78 ±1.60 respectively in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P< 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.05, < 0.05) compared to the baseline. HsCRP and triglyceride reduction were more significant in omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the placebo group (P=0.021 and 0.011 respectively). (2) In the omega-3 fatty acids group, the values and percentage of TG reduction had a significantly positive relation with HsCRP reduction (r=0.51 and 0.45, P=0.021 and 0.047 respectively). Conclusion In CHD and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia’s therapeutic effect using simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids may result from not only the combination of lipid adjustment, but also enhancement of their own nonlipid influences.

MG132 Induced Apoptosis Pathway in HL-60 Cells and Impact of Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction

Objective： To investigate the proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced apoptosis pathway in HL-60 cells and the role of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Methods： Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of p21 protein, p27 protein and p53 protein in HL-60 ceils treated with MG132 were measured by Western blot. The proliferation of, peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMNCs） after treatment with 75 Gy irradiated HL-60 cells treated with MG132 was measured with CCK-8. Results： High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. No significant change was observed in MG132-induced apoptosis after inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-9 pathway. The expressions of p21 protein and p27 protein increased in MG132-induced apoptosis. HL-60 cells treated with low-dose MG132 improved the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers. Conclusion： High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis and directly killed HL-60 ceils. MG132 induced apoptosis in a caspase-8- and caspase-9-independent pathway, p21 protein and p27 protein were involved in MG132-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells treated with Low-dose MG132 improved the effect of promoting the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers.

Effect of Rice Bran Quality and Protein Supplement, Base Mix, and/or Soybean Meal on Growing Pig Performance in Cambodia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rice bran quality and dietary supplement source on growing pig performance. A total of 60 castrated male pigs (Yorkshire × Duroc, initially 16.1 kg) were used for 52-day trial. Pigs were allotted to pens in a completely randomized design (4 pigs per pen) and assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being rice bran source (high or low-quality) and source of protein, vitamins, and minerals (supplement or soybean meal and base mix). Analyzed protein and fat level for the high- and low-quality rice bran was 11.07% and 5.86% and 11.20% and 4.50%, respectively. Crude fiber content for high- and low-quality rice bran was 13.44% and 27.79%. Diets were formulated in two phases (phase 1: 16 to 27 and phase 2: 27 to 48 kg) to adjust to the pig’s nutrient requirements. There was no evidence for an interaction (P > 0.05) between rice bran quality × supplement type or main effect of supplement type (soybean meal + base mix vs protein supplement) for final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F/G). However, pigs fed high-quality rice bran had improved (P < 0.001) ADG and F/G and lower ADFI compared to pigs fed low protein rice bran. In conclusion, rice bran quality as measured by protein, crude fiber, and fat influenced growing pig performance, while the type of dietary protein supplement did not. Additionally, rice bran with high protein, fat, and low fiber improved ADG and F/G.

外周血受体相互作用蛋白激酶3、混合系列蛋白激酶样结构域水平与新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎病情严重程度的关系

目的分析新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)患儿外周血受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(RIPK3)、混合系列蛋白激酶样结构域(MLKL)的表达情况及其与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取92例NEC患儿纳入NEC组,并根据病情严重程度进一步分为轻度NEC组(Ⅰ级)60例和重度NEC组(Ⅱ~Ⅲ级)32例,另选取同期诊治的60例腹股沟斜疝患儿纳入对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测外周血RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA表达;采用Pearson相关分析法明确NEC组外周血RIPK3 mRNA与MLKL mRNA表达的相关性;采用免疫印迹法检测NEC回肠组织和正常回肠组织中RIPK3、MLKL蛋白表达;采用多因素Logistic回归分析明确重度NEC发生的独立危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,分析外周血RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA单独及联合预测重度NEC的价值。结果NEC组外周血RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA相对表达量分别为(2.41±0.52)、(3.03±0.64),高于对照组的(1.02±0.21)、(0.93±0.20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。NEC回肠组织中RIPK3、MLKL蛋白相对灰度值分别为(1.20±0.21)、(1.13±0.24),高于正常回肠组织的(0.34±0.12)、(0.32±0.11),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NEC组患儿外周血RIPK3 mRNA与MLKL mRNA相对表达量呈正相关(r=0.623,P<0.001)。重度NEC组合并气腹征、多器官功能障碍综合征、败血症者占比和RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA相对表达量均高于轻度NEC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA相对表达量升高是重度NEC发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。外周血RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA联合预测重度NEC的曲线下面积大于RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA单独预测(Z=4.127、4.261,P<0.05)。结论RIPK3 mRNA、MLKL mRNA在NEC患儿外周血中表达升高,两者均与NEC病情严重程度有关,且两者联合检测对重度NEC具有较高的预测价值。

彩绘文物中蛋白类混合胶料的相互作用与稳定性研究

皮胶、蛋类和奶类作为彩绘文物中常见的胶结材料,在我国古代存在混合使用的工艺。为探究这类混合胶料体系内部各组分的相互作用与其在光热老化条件下的稳定性,深入了解彩绘文物的劣化机理,使用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪以及热重-差示扫描量热仪等分析方法,对鸡蛋-皮胶、牛奶-皮胶与牛奶-鸡蛋三种混合胶料的稳定性与蛋白质二级结构进行了表征。结果表明,以上胶料经过混合后,热稳定性与光稳定性相较单一胶料均显著升高。红外光谱显示,样品经过老化之后谱峰加宽,波数范围位于1600~1700 cm^(-1)之间的蛋白质特征谱带酰胺Ⅰ带向低波数方向移动。酰胺Ⅰ带高斯拟合结果显示,随着混合比例的变化,混合胶料中有序结构的含量呈现出先升后降的趋势,在有序结构含量最高的样品中,无规卷曲结构含量也达到较低的水平。同时,鸡蛋-皮胶的混合比例介于1∶1~1∶2之间时,有序结构的含量高于任意单一胶料,最高可达64.87%,其稳定性最强。经过老化的胶料蛋白质二级结构含量均发生变化,有序的α-螺旋结构整体呈现下降趋势,无规卷曲结构则明显上升,而几种混合胶料α-螺旋结构的含量依旧高于单一胶料,可见混合胶料具有更强的稳定性。热重分析结果同样表明,老化前后混合胶料的热稳定性均高于单一胶料,推测是因为混合体系中蛋白质与蛋类、奶类中的脂质相结合,蛋白质与脂质的相互作用进一步促进了蛋白质结构稳定性的提升。本研究从稳定性的角度分析了彩绘文物中的混合胶料,为研究古代胶料的老化机理和保护方法提供了参考。

血浆RIP1、RIP3和MLKL在慢性萎缩性胃炎中表达及与幽门螺杆菌关系

目的探讨血浆受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIP1)、受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(RIP3)和混合系列蛋白激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)在慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)中的表达及与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)关系。方法选取2022年6月至2023年12月于河南省胸科医院消化内科收治的Hp阳性CAG患者117例(感染组),Hp阴性CAG患者133例(CAG组),另选取同期于本院行健康体检者150例(对照组),其中感染组依据可操作的与胃癌风险联系的胃炎评估(OLGA)标准分为Ⅰ期39例、Ⅱ期26例、Ⅲ期32例、Ⅳ期20例。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测并比较各组受检者血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL水平;采用Pearson相关分析法分析血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL水平与OLGA分期和Hp感染相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析CAG患者Hp感染的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL对CAG患者Hp感染的预测价值。结果感染组患者的血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL水平分别为(8.70±0.54)μg/mL、(16.49±0.51)μg/mL、(5.70±1.29)μg/mL,明显高于CAG组的(5.70±1.24)μg/mL、(9.02±0.46)μg/mL、(4.49±0.51)μg/mL和对照组的(1.12±0.34)μg/mL、(5.69±0.74)μg/mL、(1.26±0.48)μg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且CAG组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着OLGA分期增加,血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL水平逐渐升高,结果为Ⅳ期>Ⅲ期>Ⅱ期>Ⅰ期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析法分析结果显示,RIP1、RIP3、MLKL与OLGA分期均呈正相关(r=0.693、0.721、0.774,P<0.05),与Hp感染均呈正相关(r=0.0.785、0.711、0.806,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,RIP1、RIP3和MLKL是CAG患者Hp感染的影响因素(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,血浆RIP1、RIP3和MLKL联合预测CAG患者Hp感染的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.875,明显高于血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL单独检测(AUC分别为0.717、0.734、0.676),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Hp阳性CAG患者的血浆RIP1、RIP3、MLKL水平明显升高,并且与OLGA分期和Hp感染关系密切,三者联合检测可提高CAG患者Hp感染的诊断价值。

程序性坏死与脑梗死相关的研究进展

脑梗死是一种严重危害人类健康的重大疾病,程序性坏死是细胞程序性死亡形式之一。近些年研究认为程序性坏死参与了脑梗死后神经元损伤,但其分子调控机制尚不清楚。作者就程序性坏死的概念及相关通路、程序性坏死与脑梗死神经元损伤的关系、程序性坏死标志物在脑梗死患者血浆中的水平、程序性坏死与脑梗死治疗等几个方面进行综述,归纳总结了二者的相关性,为制定新的脑梗死治疗策略提供理论依据。

恙虫病东方体混合重组抗原应用于胶体金免疫层析试纸条的制备及效价检测

胶体金免疫层析试纸条具有携带方便、操作简单且敏感性、特异性高等特点,近年来开始广泛应用于疾病的诊断。为了实现对恙虫病的快速检测,笔者利用双抗原夹心法,以胶体金标记恙虫病东方体56 kDa混合重组蛋白,56 kDa混合重组蛋白和兔抗恙虫病东方体多克隆抗体分别喷在检测线及质控线上,制备了用于检测恙虫病东方体抗体的胶体金免疫层析试纸条。本研究制备的胶体金试纸条检测限为61 ng/mL,和疟疾、伤寒、血吸虫、出血热以及斑点热等阳性血清无交叉反应,特异性达90%(54/60),检测的敏感性为91.96%(103/112),在4℃下可稳定保存6个月。本试纸条能够应用于人体血清中恙虫病东方体总抗体的检测。

混菌固态发酵酱香型白酒糟制蛋白饲料研究

本文以实验室保藏的枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌2-41、酿酒酵母SY为试验菌株,茅台镇某酒厂提供的酱香型白酒糟和茅台镇某酱醋厂提供的麸皮为原料,先以麸皮添加量对白酒糟固体培养基进行优化,再在接种量、初始pH、发酵温度、发酵时间4个单因素试验基础上,以发酵饲料粗蛋白质含量为考察指标,利用正交试验法对混菌固态发酵工艺条件进行优化。结果显示:发酵培养基中最优麸皮添加量为20%,即发酵培养基总装料量为50 g,其中酱香型白酒糟40 g,麸皮10 g;混菌固态发酵最优工艺条件为发酵温度34℃、发酵时间4 d、接种量13%、初始pH4.8,并进行3次平行试验,其粗蛋白质含量为(27.54±0.48)%,最后,对该发酵饲料进行感官评分,根据评价标准最终得分为16分,该分值位于16~20优等区间,其分值达到了优等(一级)发酵饲料,可正常用于动物饲喂。

RIP1、MLKL蛋白在未分化甲状腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIP1)、混合系激酶区域样蛋白(MLKL)在未分化甲状腺癌(ATC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取48例ATC患者为研究对象,检测手术标本组织中RIP1、MLKL的表达,收集患者临床病理参数并随访,统计分析RIP1、MLKL在ATC组织标本中的表达模式及对患者预后的影响。培养人未分化型甲状腺癌THJ-11T、THJ-16T、THJ-21T、ASH-3、BHT101细胞系、分化型甲状腺癌细胞系CAL-62、PDTC-1、正常人甲状腺细胞系Nthy-ori 3-1、HTORI-3,利用Western blot法及RT-PCR检测细胞系中RIP1、MLKL的蛋白mRNA的表达水平。结果(1)RT-PCR及Western blot检测显示,与正常人甲状腺细胞系及分化型甲状腺癌细胞系相比,未分化甲状腺癌细胞系中RIP1、MLKL蛋白和mRNA相对表达水平明显更高。(2)48例ATC患者中,14例起源于乳头状甲状腺癌(PTC),34例起源于滤泡状甲状腺癌(FTC)。肿瘤细胞表现出明显的多形性。形态学特征包括梭形细胞为主的肉瘤样及鳞状细胞样。(3)免疫组化染色显示,RIP1表达主要定位于ATC细胞膜。48例ATCs中有24例(50.0%)RIP1染色阳性。组织中含有混合岛状或低分化癌成分。MLKL阳性细胞核表达清晰,48例ATC患者中有29例(60.4%)患者MLKL染色阳性。(4)Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,RIP1和MLKL过度表达会缩短ATC患者的无病生存期(DFS)(P<0.05),但对患者的总体生存率(OS)无明显影响(P>0.05)。Cox多因素分析显示,RIP1高表达、MLKL高表达、N分期、M分期均是影响ATC患者DFS的独立性危险因素(P<0.05)。结论RIP1、MLKL高表达与ATC的发生及DFS密切相关,或可作为ATC潜在的治疗靶点及预后预测的生物学标记物。

施肥和豆禾混播对松嫩平原退化草地修复的影响

【目的】探索适合松嫩平原中度退化草地的最佳修复模式,为松嫩平原退化草地的保护修复提供技术支持。【方法】设置紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与羊草(Leymus chinensis)2种混播比例,结合不同N施用量,分析土壤养分含量、牧草品质和产量之间的关系。【结果】施肥水平显著影响群落物种丰富度(P<0.01),施肥水平、混播比例及二者交互显著影响土壤有机质、Shannon⁃Wiener多样性指数、牧草粗蛋白含量及产量(P<0.05)。土壤全氮、牧草粗蛋白含量与施氮量存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。两种混播比例下,土壤全氮含量变化与N施用量一致;N施用量300 kg/hm2的牧草粗蛋白含量高达20.22%,与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】N施用量200~250 kg/hm2在试验当年秋季和第二年春季均获得最佳产量;豆禾1∶2混播的群落丰富度和多样性优于2∶2混播,其中N施用量150 kg/hm2表现最佳。

混菌固态发酵清香型白酒糟制备蛋白饲料的研究

研究以清香型白酒糟为原料,添加酿酒酵母SY、枯草芽孢杆菌D和植物乳杆菌2-41进行混菌固态发酵,制备蛋白饲料。探索麸皮添加量对混菌固态发酵饲料质量的影响,优化发酵培养基配比后,采用单因素试验和正交试验,以酒糟饲料的粗蛋白含量为考察指标,研究发酵温度、发酵时间、菌种接种量和发酵培养基初始酸度对混菌固态发酵饲料质量的影响,从而优化混菌固态发酵工艺条件。结果显示,清香型白酒糟发酵培养基的最佳酒糟和麸皮比为9∶1,在酒糟初始水分为50%~60%的条件下,发酵培养基总装料量为50 g,其中清香型白酒糟45 g,麸皮5 g。混菌固态发酵最优工艺条件为菌种接种量13%、发酵温度26℃、发酵时间6 d、初始酸度0.90 mmol NaOH/10 g。在此混菌固态发酵工艺条件下进行3组平行试验,测得酒糟饲料中粗蛋白含量为(24.97±0.05)%,感官评价最终得分18分,等级为优良。研究结果对混菌固态发酵酒糟制备蛋白饲料具有一定的指导价值。

坏死性凋亡在胰腺疾病中的作用机制研究进展

坏死性凋亡介于细胞凋亡和坏死之间,是一种受调控的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶非依赖性程序性细胞死亡,可诱导炎症反应发生。研究表明,它与胰腺疾病的病程进展及预后密切相关,在胰腺疾病进展中发挥重要的双向调控作用,且相关的坏死性凋亡抑制剂与诱导剂有望用于胰腺疾病的治疗。基于此,本文对坏死性凋亡发生的机制及其在胰腺疾病进展中的作用进行综述,旨在为胰腺疾病的发病机制和治疗提供新的认识,为其靶向性药物的研发提供理论依据。

人参、葛根配制西藏青稞酒影响小鼠高海拔缺氧耐受力研究

为了探究人参、葛根配制西藏青稞酒提高缺氧耐受力的功能及其机制。以人群推荐日摄入量20.0 mL/60kg BW作为剂量设计依据,采用SPF级昆明种雌性小鼠进行常压耐缺氧、亚硝酸钠中毒存活及急性脑缺血性缺氧实验。结果表明:以剂量组同时与阴性对照组和溶媒对照组比较P值均小于0.05判断为显著性差异,各剂量组对小鼠体重均无显著性影响;各剂量组能明显延长小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间、急性脑缺血性缺氧实验小鼠喘气时间和增加血液中氧合蛋白的含量,但不能延长亚硝酸钠中毒后存活时间。结论:人参、葛根配制西藏青稞酒提高缺氧耐受力功能动物试验结果阳性,其机制之一可能是提高血液中氧合蛋白含量来提高缺氧耐受力。

混菌发酵对提高棉籽粕蛋白和降低游离棉酚的影响

为了降低棉籽粕中游离棉酚的含量,提高棉籽蛋白品质,本研究采用两阶段发酵法对棉籽粕进行处理,即先添加屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis,E),再添加米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae,M1)进行分段发酵,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化混菌发酵工艺条件。结果表明,当屎肠球菌接种量1.5%、发酵温度37℃、发酵时间24 h、米曲霉接种量1.5%、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间96 h、棉粕物料初始水分50%时,棉籽粕的粗蛋白含量从39.6%提高到49.64%,酸溶蛋白含量从4.79%提高到36.58%,游离棉酚的含量从1370 mg/kg降低至45.32 mg/kg,其降解率达到了96.7%,研究结果为棉粕的高值化利用提供了科学依据。

基于广义估计方程评估尿液混匀程度对慢性肾脏病患者24 h尿蛋白定量的影响

目的 探讨尿液标本的混匀程度对慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)患者24 h尿蛋白定量(24-hour urinary total protein, 24 h UTP)的影响。方法 选择2023年10月1日至2023年12月31日在复旦大学附属中山医院须完善24 h UTP的住院CKD患者30例。使用5 L集尿桶留取患者24 h尿液。尿液留取完成后,静置1 h,按体积分成上、中、下三等份,并分别取样,定义为直接采样组;采用磁力搅棒器充分混匀尿液标本,再次按上述三等分方法取样,定义为混匀采样组。采用广义估计方程比较混匀操作前后和不同采样位置的尿蛋白浓度差异。结果 广义估计方程统计结果显示,控制变量“采样位置”后,直接采样组和混匀采样组的尿蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义;控制变量“混匀方式”后,不同采样位置的尿液蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义。校正年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR)等协变量后,控制变量“采样位置”或“混匀方式”后,两采样组尿蛋白浓度或不同采样位置的尿蛋白浓度差异均无统计学意义。结论 规范留取的24 h尿液中尿蛋白分布相对均匀。总尿液采集完成后,1 h内可直接从原尿液任意层面提取临检标本,该标本的尿蛋白浓度乘以尿量可反映24 h UTP。

Mismatched effects of receptor interacting protein kinase-3 on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To validate the effects of receptor interacting protein kinase-3(RIP3) deletion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and to clarify the mechanism of action.METHODS Wild-type(WT) and RIP3 knockout(KO) mice werefed normal chow and high fat(HF) diets for 12 wk. The body weight was assessed once weekly. After 12 wk, the liver and serum samples were extracted. The liver tissue expression levels of RIP3, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, protein disulfide isomerase, apolipoprotein-B, X-box binding protein-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, fatty acid synthase, cluster of differentiation-36, diglyceride acyltransferase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), and interleukin-6 were assessed. Oleic acid treated primary hepatocytes from WT and RIP3 KO mice were stained with Nile red. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, including chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand(CXCL) 1, CXCL2, and TNF-α, in monocytes was evaluated.RESULTS RIP3 KO HF diet fed mice showed a significant gain in body weight, and liver weight, liver to body weight ratio, and liver triglycerides were increased in HF diet fed RIP3 KO mice compared to HF diet fed WT mice. RIP3 KO primary hepatocytes also had increased intracellular fat droplets compared to WT primary hepatocytes after oleic acid treatment. RIP3 overexpression decreased hepatic fat content. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of very-low-density lipoproteins secretion markers(microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, protein disulfide isomerase, and apolipoprotein-B) was significantly suppressed in RIP3 KO mice. The overall NAFLD Activity Score was the same between WT and RIP3 KO mice; however, RIP3 KO mice had increased fatty change and decreased lobular inflammation compared to WT mice. Inflammatory signals(CXCL1/2, TNF-α, and interleukin-6) increased after lipopolysaccharide and pancaspase inhibitor(necroptotic condition) treatment in monocytes. Neutrophil chemokines(CXCL1, and CXCL2) were decreased, and TNF-α was increased after RIP3 inhibitor treatment in monocytes.CONCLUSION RIP3 deletion exacerbates steatosis, and partially inhibits inflammation in the HF diet induced NAFLD model.