Anisodamine accelerates spontaneous passage of single symptomatic bile duct stones ≤ 10 mm

AIM:To investigate the rate of spontaneous passage of single and symptomatic common bile duct(CBD)stones≤10 mm in diameter in 4 wk with or without a2-wk course of anisodamine.METHODS:A multicenter,randomized,placebocontrolled trial was undertaken.A total of 197 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.Ninetyseven patients were assigned randomly to the control group and the other 100 to the anisodamine group.The anisodamine group received intravenous infusions of anisodamine(10 mg every 8 h)for 2 wk.The control group received the same volume of 0.9%isotonic saline for 2 wk.Patients underwent imaging studies and liver-function tests every week for 4 wk.The rate of spontaneous passage of CBD stones was analyzed.RESULTS:The rate of spontaneous passage of CBD stones was significantly higher in the anisodamine group than that in the control group(47.0%vs 22.7%).Most(87.2%,41/47)stone passages in the anisodamine group occurred in the first 2 wk,and passages in the control group occurred at a comparable rate each week.Factors significantly increasing the possibility of spontaneous passage by univariate logistic regression analyses were stone diameter(<5 mm vs≥5 mm and≤10 mm)and anisodamine therapy.Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that these two factors were significantly associated with spontaneous passage.CONCLUSION:Two weeks of anisodamine administration can safely accelerate spontaneous passage of single and symptomatic CBD stones≤10 mm in diameter,especially for stones<5 mm.

Effect of anisodamine on changes of blood-brain barrier permeability following brain injury in rabbits

The changes of blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability following brain injury werestudied quantitatively by using colloidal gold(CG)particles of various sizes as tracers in 57 rab-bits.In addition,water content in brain tissues was determined.The brain-injured rabbits re-ceived intravenous injection of anisodamine in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg BW at 5rain or 3h after braininjury,and the effect of anisodamine on aherations of BBB permeability and water content of thebrain tissue after brain injury was investigated.The results indicated that an increase of BBBpermeability began at 30min after injury with only a few of 5nm CG tracers present in the endo-cytic pits and endothelial microvilli,and there were 10nm CG tracers passing through the BBB at3 h after brain injury.The increase of BBB permeability reached its peak at 6 h after brain in-jury.More 15nm CG tracers penetrated the BBB by way of pinocytotic vesicule transportationand opening of tight junctions between endothelial cells.The water content in the brain tissueincreased,which was closely correlated to the above-mentioned EBB permeability and giving ad-vantages to the treatment of traumatic brain edema in the present study.

Observations on the Therapeutic Effects of Anisodamine on Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The animal model of dogs was used to study the pathological evolution ofrespiratory distress syndrome （RDS） and the therapeutic effects of anisodaine on the disease.Atotal of 54 dogs were employed and they were divided into control and experimental groups.RDS was inflicted to the dogs by oleic acid injection.Then the clinical manifestations,theblood gas parameters,the pulmonary arterial pressure,the pulmonary wedge pressure,T3 andTL,blood cell counts,neutrophil aggregation rate,platelet maximum aggregation rate,TXB2,6-keto-PGF1a and hemocoagulagrams were obsenved.On the basis of our observations,it is concluded that the complement activities andneutrophil aggregation induced by TXA2 are likely the initiative factor of RDS,the pathologicalprocess in the lungs is complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation,and anisodamineexerts certain therapeutic effects on RDS through preventing the cellular membranes andlysosomes from being injured.

Effects of labor analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome by epidural low concentration of bupivacaine combined with anisodamine

Objective To observe the effects of labor analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome by epidural application of 0.125% bupivacaine combined with anisodamine on the labor stage, and modes of delivery and neonatal Apgar's score. Methods A total of 220 primiparaes with full-term pregnancy, monocyesis and fetal head presentation without any obstetrical or systematic complications were chosen and divided into analgesic group and control group (110 in each group). The mixture of bupivacaine and anisodamine was injected into the epidural space of the parturients in the analgesic group while those patients in the control group did not receive any analgesics. Results The analgesic effect was satisfactory (91.8%), and no side effects occurred in the second stage of labor. The instrument delivery rate was lower in the analgesic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal Apgar's score. Conclusion The method is feasible in clinic for labor pain relief without increasing the rate of dystocia and complications of delivery.

Effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α_1-adrenergic receptor and phospholipase A_2 in acute lung injury

Objective: To imastigate the effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α1- adrenergic receptor andphospholipase A, in acute lung injurg. Methods: Change of α1--adrenergic receptor (al AR ) in lung tissllesduring endotoxin--induced rat acute lung injury was measured with radioligand biding assay. The effects ofanisodamine on pulmonary α1--AR and phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) were observed. Results: 1. 4 h after theendotoxin injection, there was a significant decrease in the maximal binding capacity of α1--AR by 34% ascompared with the control group. meanwhile elevated activity of PLA2 in rat lung and reduction of thephospholipids content of cell membrane was found. 2. Anisodamine could attenuate endotoxin--induced acutelung injury in rats. Conclusion: This effect might be related to anisodamine’s blockage of α1--AR andsuppression of PLA2, prevention of membranous phospholipids from degradation. and the reduction ofarachidonic acid release.

THE EFFECT OF ANISODAMINE ON THE MICROVASCULAR PERMEABILITY OF THE LUNGS DURING ARDS

The rats model with ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome)was produced by the way of injecting Eschericbia coli, the effect of anisodamine onthe microvascular permeability of lungs in the rats with ARDS was studied with themethod of Albumin labeled 125I. The experimental results shown that the microvascular permeability of lung in rat with ARDS increased distinctly,but it recovered tothe control arter injecting anisodamine into rat. The function of anisodamine thatrecovered the microvascular Permeability of lungs in rats with ARDS to the controlmay be one of the main principles of anisodamine for curerability of ARDS. It isshown that the anisodamine has profound value for some of diseases with increasingmicrovascular permeability or tissues or organs in clinic.

Anisodamine augments mucosal blood flow during gut ischemia/reperfusion

Objective;To determine if anisodamine is able to augment mucosal perfusion during gut ischemia-reper-fusion (I/R).Methods;A jejunal sac was formed in Sprague Dawley rat.A Laser Doppler probe and a tonometerwere inserted into the sac which was filled with saline.The superior mesenteric artery was occluded (SMAO) for 60minutes followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion.At the end of 60 minutes of SMAO,either 0.2mg/kg of anisodmineor dobutamine was injected into the jejunal sac.Laser Doppler mucosal blood flow ...

Inhibitory Effect of Anisodamine on the Neuropathic Hyperalgesia Following Peripheral Nerve Injury(Ⅱ)

A peripheral neuropathy with hyperalgesia and allodynia was produced by loosely tying constrictive ligature around the left sciatic nerve of rats, i.v. injection of anisodamine 20mg/Kg abolished both neuropathic hyperalgesia responses to noxious radiant heat and ectopic discharges generated from the injured region of the nerve. Anisodanime applied either systemically or locally to the damaged area of the nerve not only ceased the spontaneous ectopic discharges recorded from Aβ to C fibers but also blocked the afferent ectopic discharge elicited by K+ channel blocker, noradrenaline, Ca2+ or antidromic stimulation of sciatic nerve proximal to the injured nerve area. The experiments indicated that anisodamine probably possessed a calcium channel blocker-like activity and produced selective block of the new channels in the injured area. It is suggested that anisodamine may be a candidate therapeutic agent in relieving hyperalgesia and allodynia following nerve injury.

Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by coronary microvascular dysfunction with anisodamine: a report of 5 cases

The management of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) is well established. However, a subset of patients does not have recovery from or have recurrences of left ventricular(LV) dysfunction despite receiving optimal medical therapy. Coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD) can result from structural and functional abnormalities at the intramural and small coronary vessel level affecting coronary blood flow autoregulation and consequently leading to impaired coronary flow reserve. Dilated myocardial phenotype may be responsible for CMD in DCM. Anisodamine can exert a significant effect on relieving microvascular spasm, and improving and dredging the coronary microcirculation. However,whether CMD can be potentially improved with anisodamine to make DCM better remains incompletely understood.

Effect of morphine and M-cholinoceptor blocking drugs on human sphincter of Oddi during choledochofiberscopy manometry

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of morphine on the human sphincter of Oddi pressure and theantagonism of anticholinergic agents against morphine.METHODS: The action of these drugs on the sphincter of Oddi (SO) was evaluated by means ofcholedochofiberscopy manometry in 40 operated patients with T-tube. The patients were divided randomlyinto 4 groups: anisodamine, atropine, buscopan, and control. The following data were recorded:duodenal pressure (DP), basal pressure of the sphincter of Oddi (BPSO), contractive amplitude of thesphincter of Oddi (CASO), contractive frequency of the sphincter of Oddi (CFSO), contractive durationof the sphincter of Oddi (CDSO), and pressure of the common bile duct (PCBD). Both morphine andanticholinergic agents were given intramuscularly.RESULTS: After injection of 10 mg morphine, BPSO, CASO, CFSO, and PCBD increasedsignificantly. After injection of 15 mg anisodamine or 0.75 mg atropine, CASO, BPSO declinedobviously, and after injection of 20 mg buscopan, CASO, BPSO, CFSO declined obviously, but inanisodamine, atropine and buscopan groups, they differed insignificantly.CONCLUSIONS: The results illustrate that SO manometry via choledochofiberscopy is a new method forSO dynamic study. Morphine can increase DP, BPSO, CASO, PCBD, but anisodamine atropine andbuscopan can antagonize the effect of morphine.

Prevention of grafted liver from reperfusive injury

INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of primary non-function(PNF)of grafted liver in the early postoperative stage is 2%-23%[1-4],its main cause is the ischemic-rechemic injure[5,6].In this experiment,anisodamine was added into the preserving fluid and the grafted liver was rewarmed at different temperatures to protect the cell membranc and prevent ischemic-reperfusive injury.

Influence of Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Myocardial Injury after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of microcirculatory dysfunction and 654-1intervention after cardiopulmonary resuscitation on myocardial injury.Methods Landrace pigs were divided into a sham operation group(S group,n=6),ventricular fibrillation control group(VF-C group,n=8)and 654-1 intervention group(VF-I group,n=8).Hemodynamics was recorded at baseline,at recovery of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),and 1 h,2 h,4h and 6 h thereafter.Sidestream dark field(SDF)technology was used to evaluate and monitor the microcirculation flow index,total vessel density,perfusion vessel ratio,De-Backer score,and perfusion vessel density in animal viscera at various time points.Results After administration of 654-1 at 1.5 h post-ROSC,the hemodynamics in the VF-I group,as compared with the VF-C group,was significantly improved.The visceral microcirculation detected by SDF was also significantly improved in the VF-I group.As observed through electron microscopy,significantly less myocardial tissue injury was present in the VF-I group than the VF-C group.Conclusion Administration of 654-1 inhibited excessive inflammatory by improving the state of visceral microcirculation.

The relationship between alterations of calcium and calmodulin levels in the cerebral cortex and the blood following brain in

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Protective Effect of Anisodsmine on Brain Edema Induced by Pertussis Bacilli in Rabbits

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