Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

山莨菪碱联合血浆置换干预血栓性血小板减少性紫癜中血小板变化的研究

目的观察山莨菪碱联合血浆置换(PE)干预血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)后血小板(PLT)变化情况。方法选择60例TTP患者随机分组,联合干预组30例予山莨菪碱联合血浆置换(PE),疗程21天;对照组30例予以PE干预,疗程21天。结果联合干预组21天后有效率93%,对照组有效率90%,差异有显著性(P<0.05),血小板(PLT)在治疗后第2、5、12数值上升速度明显快于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),有统计学意义,第21天,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论血浆置换联合山莨菪碱注射液对血栓性血小板减少性紫癜血小板数值恢复加快,可以判断患者的预后。

高渗盐液、右旋糖酐、山莨菪硷联合抢救兔失血性休克

合并使用高渗盐液、右旋糖酐与山莨菪硷治疗家兔实验性严重失血性休克。结果显示:高渗盐液加右旋糖酐治疗组,平均动脉压、左室内压、左室内压变化速率、中心静脉压等血流动力学指标的恢复,显著优于等渗盐液治疗组;高渗盐液、右旋糖酐与山莨菪硷(5mg/kg)联用组,动脉血压回升后维持时间、中心静脉压升高的程度优于高渗盐液加右旋糖酐组。进一步证实联用高渗液与山莨菪硷可短时提高疗效,为抢救休克赢得时间。

654-2外用扩张局部浅表血管的临床疗效

目的 :评价 6 5 4 - 2外用扩张局部浅表血管的临床疗效。方法 :采用自身对照法 ,对 5 0例患者选用手背同一条静脉 ,在前后 2d同一时间 ,局部皮肤涂擦 3% 6 5 4 - 2为实验组 ,对照组用局部按摩拍打法 ,比较血管直径的变化。结果 :实验组的血管扩张度和充盈度优于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :3% 6 5 4- 2扩张浅表血管的作用明显 ,对浮肿、肥胖、长期静脉注射输液等难寻浅静脉的患者用此方法可提高穿刺成功率 ,减轻患者的痛苦 。

山莨菪碱注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯治疗支原体肺炎患儿的疗效

目的探讨山莨菪碱注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗支原体肺炎患儿的临床疗效,及对血清免疫学指标的影响。方法选择2015年2月~2017年2月本院收治的支原体肺炎患儿80例,按随机数字表分为2组,每组40例。对照组仅给予阿奇霉素治疗,观察组给予山莨菪碱注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法。对比分析两组治疗有效率、治疗后免疫功能和血清免疫学指标水平、临床症状消失时间和住院时间。结果观察组治疗总有效率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IgA、IgM、IgG水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后CCSP水平高于对照组,MCP-4、MDC、CysLTs、sICAM-1、IL-17A水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组咳嗽消失时间、发热消失时间、喘息消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间和住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论山莨菪碱注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗支原体肺炎患儿可显著提高临床疗效,改善血清免疫学指标,增强机体免疫功能,减轻临床症状,促进早日康复。

654-2在急性颈髓损伤症中的应用价值

对本院１９９２年～１９９５年５月按规定标准选择收治入院的３９例颈髓挫裂伤病人进行分组治疗，以观察６５４－２在急性颈髓损伤症中的应用价值。其中１９９３年９月底以前入住的１３例未采用６５４－２治疗，１９９３年１０月以后入住的２６例在以前的治疗方法上增加了６５４－２，结果两组在死亡率、吸痰率、心率等方面有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明急性颈髓损伤早期使用６５４－２有重要意义。

间接胆红素在血浆置换联合山莨菪碱治疗血栓性血小板减少性紫癜中的变化观察

目的观察间接胆红素(I-Bil)在山莨菪碱加血浆置换(PE)干预血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)的变化情况,以了解山莨菪碱在TTP干预中的效果。方法选择82例TTP患者随机分组,联合干预组41例予山莨菪碱加血浆置换(PE),疗程21d;对照组41例单纯予以PE干预,疗程21d。结果联合干预组21d后有效率90.2%,对照组有效率82.9%,差异有显著性(P<0.05),I-Bil在干预后第2、5、12d数值下降速度明显快于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论血浆置换联合山莨菪碱注射液干预血栓性血小板减少性紫癜间接胆红素下降更快,疗效更好。

山莨菪碱联合血浆置换治疗血栓性血小板减少性紫癜患者血浆D-二聚体变化的意义

目的探讨山莨菪碱(Ani)联合血浆置换(PE)治疗血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)患者血浆D-二聚体(D-D)的变化,从而了解Ani在TTP的治疗中纤溶亢进改善情况。方法选择68例TTP病人随机分成两组,每组34例。联合干预组给予Ani联合TPE治疗,而对照组只给予以PE治疗,疗程均21d。检测治疗前和治疗后2,5,10,16,21d两组血浆D-D数值变化。结果 2组治疗的第2d,差异无显著性(P>0.05),但联合干预组在治疗的第5,10,16,21d与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组疗效的观察,联合干预组有效率为97.1%,对照组有效率为79.4%,2组的总疗效有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 Ani联合TPE能加快TTP患者血浆D-D数值的下降,有利于患者的预后恢复。

金锁固精丸加味联合654-2穴位注射治疗遗精40例临床观察

目的观察金锁固精丸加味联合山莨菪碱(654-2)穴位注射治疗遗精的临床疗效。方法选取遗精患者80例,随机分为观察组、对照组,各40例。观察组口服金锁固精丸加味联合654-2穴位注射,对照组给予舒乐安定片和谷维素片口服,观察对比两组的临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为90.0%,对照组总有效率为72.5%,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金锁固精丸加味口服联合654-2穴位注射治疗遗精疗效显著,值得临床推广。