Objective:To determine the involvement and the modulatory effects of IL-33 during Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA)infection.Methods:PbA infection in male ICR mice was utilized as a model of malaria.Systemically circulatin...Objective:To determine the involvement and the modulatory effects of IL-33 during Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA)infection.Methods:PbA infection in male ICR mice was utilized as a model of malaria.Systemically circulating IL-33 levels were determined in blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).After 24 hours post-inoculation of PbA,recombinant IL-33 and ST2,and antibodies against IL-33 and IgG treatments were administered daily for 3 days.Tissue expression and localization of IL-33 were assessed in organs generally affected by malaria via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,histopathological examination was performed to assess the effects of the treatments.Results:The levels of systemic IL-33 were elevated at the critical phase of PbA infection.Likewise,immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-33 expression at the critical phase in the brain,lungs,and spleen of PbA-infected mice as compared to healthy controls.Treatment with IL-33 protected against experimental cerebral malaria development and reduced pathological features in the brain and lungs of the PbA-infected mice.Conclusions:A potential critical role and involvement of IL-33 in PbA infection may hint at the resolution of immunopathological sequelae associated with malaria.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the alteration of biochemical parameters during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA) infection in mice. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1 × 107 para...Objective: To investigate the alteration of biochemical parameters during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA) infection in mice. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA. Parasitemia was daily monitored by microscopy of Giemsa stained thin blood smear. Additionally, packed cell volume (PCV) and biochemical parameters including glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and bilirubin levels were also measured using Cobas 111 automate analyzer. Results: Parasitemia was increased during P. berghei ANKA infection until the infected mice died within 2 weeks, and early and late infections were separated by Days 4 and 10, respectively. At early infection, it was found that hemolysis occurred as indicated by markedly decreased PCV. Hypoglycemia and acute kidney injury were also developed at the early infection as indicated by decrease in blood glucose and increase in BUN and creatinine levels. Moreover, the loss of liver function was observed at the late infection as indicated by markedly increased enzyme activities of AST, ALT, and ALP, and decreased albumin level. Additionally, bilirubin level was also increased. Conclusions: The finding reveals the pathological condition during P. berghei ANKA infection in mice. The hemolysis and acute kidney injury were developed at the early infection, and loss of liver function then occurred at the late infection. Hence, the prevention of these pathological conditions during malaria infection is urgently needed.展开更多
This research aims to change the phenolic fractions and the bioactivities of quinoa by solid-state fermentation(SSF)with the edible fungus Monascus anka(M.anka).The contents of protein and fat increased in the ferment...This research aims to change the phenolic fractions and the bioactivities of quinoa by solid-state fermentation(SSF)with the edible fungus Monascus anka(M.anka).The contents of protein and fat increased in the fermented product,while the carbohydrate decreased.After 6-day fermentation with M.anka,the amount of phenolic compound reached the highest level.The majority of phenolic forms in fermented quinoa were phenolic acids,mainly ferulic acid,protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)results showed that SSF was an effective method to transform quinoa phenolic compounds.Free fractions could be rapidly absorbed in the small intestine,suggesting that SSF with M.anka was a useful method to enhance bioavailable antioxidants.Antioxidant ability in vitro results showed that phenolic fractions from fermented quinoa were greater than the unfermented quinoa,and a significant cellular antioxidant activity(CAA)increment of 135%was obtained in the free phenolic fraction of fermented quinoa.Moreover,α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities were enhanced with fermentation.Correlation matrix analysis revealed that most of the free phenolic compounds showed strong positive correlations with antioxidant activities and digestive enzyme activities.Consequently,fermentation with M.anka was a particularly promising method to enhance the bioactivity of quinoa.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)from the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education(FRGS/1/2016/SKK10/UPM/02/1).
文摘Objective:To determine the involvement and the modulatory effects of IL-33 during Plasmodium berghei ANKA(PbA)infection.Methods:PbA infection in male ICR mice was utilized as a model of malaria.Systemically circulating IL-33 levels were determined in blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).After 24 hours post-inoculation of PbA,recombinant IL-33 and ST2,and antibodies against IL-33 and IgG treatments were administered daily for 3 days.Tissue expression and localization of IL-33 were assessed in organs generally affected by malaria via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,histopathological examination was performed to assess the effects of the treatments.Results:The levels of systemic IL-33 were elevated at the critical phase of PbA infection.Likewise,immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-33 expression at the critical phase in the brain,lungs,and spleen of PbA-infected mice as compared to healthy controls.Treatment with IL-33 protected against experimental cerebral malaria development and reduced pathological features in the brain and lungs of the PbA-infected mice.Conclusions:A potential critical role and involvement of IL-33 in PbA infection may hint at the resolution of immunopathological sequelae associated with malaria.
文摘Objective: To investigate the alteration of biochemical parameters during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA) infection in mice. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA. Parasitemia was daily monitored by microscopy of Giemsa stained thin blood smear. Additionally, packed cell volume (PCV) and biochemical parameters including glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and bilirubin levels were also measured using Cobas 111 automate analyzer. Results: Parasitemia was increased during P. berghei ANKA infection until the infected mice died within 2 weeks, and early and late infections were separated by Days 4 and 10, respectively. At early infection, it was found that hemolysis occurred as indicated by markedly decreased PCV. Hypoglycemia and acute kidney injury were also developed at the early infection as indicated by decrease in blood glucose and increase in BUN and creatinine levels. Moreover, the loss of liver function was observed at the late infection as indicated by markedly increased enzyme activities of AST, ALT, and ALP, and decreased albumin level. Additionally, bilirubin level was also increased. Conclusions: The finding reveals the pathological condition during P. berghei ANKA infection in mice. The hemolysis and acute kidney injury were developed at the early infection, and loss of liver function then occurred at the late infection. Hence, the prevention of these pathological conditions during malaria infection is urgently needed.
基金This work was supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(2021-02-08-00-12-F00780)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(20DZ2202700)+1 种基金the Capacity-Building Project of Local Universities of SSTC(20060502100)the Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1431800)and(20YF1433400).
文摘This research aims to change the phenolic fractions and the bioactivities of quinoa by solid-state fermentation(SSF)with the edible fungus Monascus anka(M.anka).The contents of protein and fat increased in the fermented product,while the carbohydrate decreased.After 6-day fermentation with M.anka,the amount of phenolic compound reached the highest level.The majority of phenolic forms in fermented quinoa were phenolic acids,mainly ferulic acid,protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)results showed that SSF was an effective method to transform quinoa phenolic compounds.Free fractions could be rapidly absorbed in the small intestine,suggesting that SSF with M.anka was a useful method to enhance bioavailable antioxidants.Antioxidant ability in vitro results showed that phenolic fractions from fermented quinoa were greater than the unfermented quinoa,and a significant cellular antioxidant activity(CAA)increment of 135%was obtained in the free phenolic fraction of fermented quinoa.Moreover,α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities were enhanced with fermentation.Correlation matrix analysis revealed that most of the free phenolic compounds showed strong positive correlations with antioxidant activities and digestive enzyme activities.Consequently,fermentation with M.anka was a particularly promising method to enhance the bioactivity of quinoa.
