Molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))is a commonly used hole extraction material in organic photovoltaics.The MoO_(x) interlayer is deposited typically via thermal evaporation in vacuum.To meet the need for rollto-roll manufactur...Molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))is a commonly used hole extraction material in organic photovoltaics.The MoO_(x) interlayer is deposited typically via thermal evaporation in vacuum.To meet the need for rollto-roll manufacturing,solution processing of MoO_(x) without post-annealing treatment is essential.Herein,we demonstrate an effective approach to produce annealing-free,alcohol-processable MoO_(x) anode interlayers,namely S-MoO_(x),by utilizing the bis(catecholato)diboron(B_(2) Cat_(2))molecule to modify the surface oxygen sites in MoO_(x).The formation of surface diboron-oxygen complex enables the alcohol solubility of S-MoO_(x).An enhanced light utilization is realized in the S-MoO_(x)-based organic photovoltaics.This affords a superior short-circuit current density(Jsc)close to 26 mA cm^(-2) and ultimately a high power-conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.2%in the representative PM6:Y6 based inverted OPVs,which is one of the highest values in the inverted OPVs using an as-cast S-MoO_(x) anode interlayer.展开更多
As a next-generation photovoltaic device,perovskite solar cells are rapidly emerging.Nevertheless,both solution and device stability pose challenges for commercialization due to chemical degradation caused by internal...As a next-generation photovoltaic device,perovskite solar cells are rapidly emerging.Nevertheless,both solution and device stability pose challenges for commercialization due to chemical degradation caused by internal and external factors.Especially,the decomposition of iodoplumbate in a perovskite solution hinders the long-term use of perovskite solutions.Moreover,the synthesis of stable perovskites at low temperature is important for stable devices and wide applications(flexible devices and high reproducibility).Herein,the critical composition of perovskite is found to obtain high stabilities of both iodoplumbate and perovskite crystals by utilizing CsPbBr_(3) and FAPbI_(3),exhibiting high device performance and long-term solution storage.The novel composition of CsPbBr_(3)-alloyed FAPbI_(3) not only crystallizes under annealing-free conditions but also demonstrates excellent iodoplumbate stability for 100 days(∼3000 h)without any degradation.Furthermore,high device stabilities are achieved over 2000 and 3000 h under extreme conditions of A.M.1.5 and 85℃/85%relative humidity,respectively.Overall,the device exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 23.4%,and furthermore,CsPbBr_(3)-alloyed FAPbI_(3) was devoted to widen the applications in both flexible and carbon-electrode devices,thereby addressing both scientific depths and potential commercial materials.展开更多
The effect of solution annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Cr-W-Fe alloy developed for advanced 700?C ultra-supercritical power plants was investigated. Test samples in this study were s...The effect of solution annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Cr-W-Fe alloy developed for advanced 700?C ultra-supercritical power plants was investigated. Test samples in this study were subjected to different solution treatments and the same aging treatment(at 760?C for 1 h).When solution annealing temperature was elevated from 1020?C to 1150?C, the stress-rupture life at750?C/320 MPa was increased from 60 h to 300 h, the stress-rupture elongation was enhanced from12% to 17%, and the elongation of the tensile at 750?C was improved from 11% to 24%. All tensile and stress-rupture samples displayed an intergranular dimple mixed fracture. Intergranular micro-cracks had a great relationship with the morphology of grain boundary carbides. Most carbides retained the morphology of globular shape and continuous thin plate. After tensile and stress-rupture tests, a few carbides were converted into lamellar. The results showed that intergranular micro-cracks were easier to form at continuous thin plate carbides than at globular shape carbides. Lamellar carbides hardly caused the nucleation of micro-cracks. Besides, grain boundaries sliding and elements diffusion during stressrupture tests led to the formation of precipitate free zones, which accelerated the extension of microcracks and influenced the stress-rupture life.展开更多
The precipitation behavior of FeTiP in interstitial free high strength(IFHS)steels has been studied by using a transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the TiC particles,appearing at earlier sta...The precipitation behavior of FeTiP in interstitial free high strength(IFHS)steels has been studied by using a transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the TiC particles,appearing at earlier stage,are more stable than the FeTiP ones during recrystallization annealing at the two given temperatures(810℃ and 840℃).Therefore,the FeTiP particles can only be observed in the steels with sufficient amount of Ti.There is a critical forming time for the FeTiP,which is between 90-120 sat 810 ℃ and 60-90 sat 840 ℃.The precipitation of FeTiP involves two steps,i.e.the formation of FeTi precursors and the diffusion of P.The former step determines the reliance of Ti content for the precipitation of FeTiP,whereas the latter step leads to the difference in the critical annealing time.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074022,62074149)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0137)+3 种基金the Chongqing Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(cstc2020jcyj-jq0112)the“Artificial Intelligence”Key Project of Chongqing(cstc2017rgzn-zdyf0120)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(cx2019107)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020CDJQY-A055,2019CDXYDL0007)。
文摘Molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))is a commonly used hole extraction material in organic photovoltaics.The MoO_(x) interlayer is deposited typically via thermal evaporation in vacuum.To meet the need for rollto-roll manufacturing,solution processing of MoO_(x) without post-annealing treatment is essential.Herein,we demonstrate an effective approach to produce annealing-free,alcohol-processable MoO_(x) anode interlayers,namely S-MoO_(x),by utilizing the bis(catecholato)diboron(B_(2) Cat_(2))molecule to modify the surface oxygen sites in MoO_(x).The formation of surface diboron-oxygen complex enables the alcohol solubility of S-MoO_(x).An enhanced light utilization is realized in the S-MoO_(x)-based organic photovoltaics.This affords a superior short-circuit current density(Jsc)close to 26 mA cm^(-2) and ultimately a high power-conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.2%in the representative PM6:Y6 based inverted OPVs,which is one of the highest values in the inverted OPVs using an as-cast S-MoO_(x) anode interlayer.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),Grant/Award Number:RS-2023-00212110Ministry of SMEs and Startups(Korea),Grant/Award Number:RS-2023-00225289。
文摘As a next-generation photovoltaic device,perovskite solar cells are rapidly emerging.Nevertheless,both solution and device stability pose challenges for commercialization due to chemical degradation caused by internal and external factors.Especially,the decomposition of iodoplumbate in a perovskite solution hinders the long-term use of perovskite solutions.Moreover,the synthesis of stable perovskites at low temperature is important for stable devices and wide applications(flexible devices and high reproducibility).Herein,the critical composition of perovskite is found to obtain high stabilities of both iodoplumbate and perovskite crystals by utilizing CsPbBr_(3) and FAPbI_(3),exhibiting high device performance and long-term solution storage.The novel composition of CsPbBr_(3)-alloyed FAPbI_(3) not only crystallizes under annealing-free conditions but also demonstrates excellent iodoplumbate stability for 100 days(∼3000 h)without any degradation.Furthermore,high device stabilities are achieved over 2000 and 3000 h under extreme conditions of A.M.1.5 and 85℃/85%relative humidity,respectively.Overall,the device exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 23.4%,and furthermore,CsPbBr_(3)-alloyed FAPbI_(3) was devoted to widen the applications in both flexible and carbon-electrode devices,thereby addressing both scientific depths and potential commercial materials.
文摘The effect of solution annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Cr-W-Fe alloy developed for advanced 700?C ultra-supercritical power plants was investigated. Test samples in this study were subjected to different solution treatments and the same aging treatment(at 760?C for 1 h).When solution annealing temperature was elevated from 1020?C to 1150?C, the stress-rupture life at750?C/320 MPa was increased from 60 h to 300 h, the stress-rupture elongation was enhanced from12% to 17%, and the elongation of the tensile at 750?C was improved from 11% to 24%. All tensile and stress-rupture samples displayed an intergranular dimple mixed fracture. Intergranular micro-cracks had a great relationship with the morphology of grain boundary carbides. Most carbides retained the morphology of globular shape and continuous thin plate. After tensile and stress-rupture tests, a few carbides were converted into lamellar. The results showed that intergranular micro-cracks were easier to form at continuous thin plate carbides than at globular shape carbides. Lamellar carbides hardly caused the nucleation of micro-cracks. Besides, grain boundaries sliding and elements diffusion during stressrupture tests led to the formation of precipitate free zones, which accelerated the extension of microcracks and influenced the stress-rupture life.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50901054,51101114)
文摘The precipitation behavior of FeTiP in interstitial free high strength(IFHS)steels has been studied by using a transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the TiC particles,appearing at earlier stage,are more stable than the FeTiP ones during recrystallization annealing at the two given temperatures(810℃ and 840℃).Therefore,the FeTiP particles can only be observed in the steels with sufficient amount of Ti.There is a critical forming time for the FeTiP,which is between 90-120 sat 810 ℃ and 60-90 sat 840 ℃.The precipitation of FeTiP involves two steps,i.e.the formation of FeTi precursors and the diffusion of P.The former step determines the reliance of Ti content for the precipitation of FeTiP,whereas the latter step leads to the difference in the critical annealing time.