A large language model-powered literature review for high-angle annular dark field imaging

High-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-°A resolution and provide chemical information through Z-contrast.This study leverages large language models(LLMs)to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature(more than 41000 papers).By using LLMs,specifically ChatGPT,we were able to extract detailed information on applications,sample preparation methods,instruments used,and study conclusions.The findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging,underscoring its increasingly important role in materials science.Moreover,the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.

The connection of phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya of the western Antarctic Peninsula to the Southern Annular Mode

Antarctic coastal polynyas are biological hotspots in the Southern Ocean that support the abundance of hightrophic-level predators and are important for carbon cycling in the high-latitude oceans.In this study,we examined the interannual variation of summertime phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya(MBP)in the western Antarctic Peninsula area,and linked such variability to the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)that dominated the southern hemisphere extratropical climate variability.Combining satellite data,atmosphere reanalysis products and numerical simulations,we found that the interannual variation of summer chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the MBP is significantly and negatively correlated with the spring SAM index,and weakly correlated with the summer SAM index.The negative relation between summer Chl-a and spring SAM is due to weaker spring vertical mixing under a more positive SAM condition,which would inhibit the supply of iron from deep layers into the surface euphotic layer.The negative relation between spring mixing and spring SAM results from greater precipitation rate over the MBP region in positive SAM phase,which leads to lower salinity in the ocean surface layer.The coupled physical-biological mechanisms between SAM and phytoplankton biomass revealed in this study is important for us to predict the future variations of phytoplankton biomasses in Antarctic polynyas under climate change.

Prognostic Role of Preoperative Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) for Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis Patients

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion has been proposed as a simple and reproducible parameter for quantitative assessment of the right ventricular ejection fraction. The prognostic importance of preoperative TAPSE in patients with mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis patients is still under focused. Therefore, the objective of the study was to predict the outcome after MVR in rheumatic mitral stenosis patients in relation to preoperative TAPSE. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute. A total of 72 patients of rheumatic mitral stenosis patients who underwent mitral valve replacement were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group A and B. Group A included 36 patients with TAPSE 0.05) except for the preoperative TAPSE. Mean TAPSE of Group A was 13.17 (±1.40) and Group B was 18.61 (±1.57), the difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Among the postoperative complications, including postoperative atrial fibrillation was higher in Group A (30.56%) than Group B (11.11%), mean ventilation time was higher in Group A (27.78%) than Group B (5.56%), length of intensive care was higher in Group A (33.33%) than Group B (11.12%), and hospital stay was higher in Group A (25.0%) than Group B (5.56%), (p < 0.05). Higher preoperative TASPE could be used as a prognostic tool for MVR in rheumatic mitral stenosis patients in our settings.

Slowing down of the summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode trend against the background of ozone recovery

20世纪末期,南半球热带外地区经历了显著的气候变化,包括夏季南半球环状模(SAM)的显著上升趋势,伴随着南极半岛的增暖和别林斯高晋海的海冰融化.这些趋势主要是由20世纪末期南极平流层臭氧消耗所驱动的.本文发现,自2001年左右以来,在南极平流层臭氧恢复的背景下,观测到的夏季SAM的上升趋势已经趋于平缓,验证了前人利用数值模拟预测的夏季SAM上升趋势减缓现象,与SAM在臭氧恢复后趋势只减缓但没有逆转不同,南极地表气温和海冰的趋势发生了逆转.南极半岛由变暖趋势转为降温趋势,别林斯高晋海域的海冰由融化趋势转为增多趋势.

应用生物扰动实验系统(Annular Flux System)研究双壳类生物沉降作用

利用不锈钢环形采泥器 ,在胶州湾潮间带沿天然断面选取典型站位 ,现场采取无扰动沉积物样品 ,应用生物扰动实验系统 (Annular Flux System) ,选用菲律宾蛤仔 (Ruditapes philippinarum)和缢蛏 (Sinonovacula constricta) ,在实验室内进行实验。结果表明 :菲律宾蛤仔个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .15g/ m2 · h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 3.0 5倍 ;缢蛏个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .2 9g/ m2·h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 2 .6 3倍。

非对称中空环形聚能装药成型与侵彻特性影响因素分析

为减弱中空环形聚能装药形成的中心侵彻体对后级结构的破坏作用,通过改变环锥罩的偏心距离和壁厚,调整了装药和药型罩的质量分布,使之形成准直环形射流,研究了炸高对环形射流侵彻威力的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明:内壳为铝合金时的中心孔平均侵彻深度较内壳为钢时的平均侵彻深度低36.13%;非偏心环锥罩形成的射流存在径向偏移,侵彻能力较弱。当环锥罩顶向外侧偏移0.05d(d为环形装药厚度)时,射流准直性较好,环形射流侵彻深度较大;随着药型罩壁厚的增加,射流头部速度不断减小,当壁厚为0.045d时,偏心环锥罩形成的环形射流侵彻能力较强;环形射流侵彻深度对炸高较为敏感,在炸高为1.12d时,环形射流侵彻深度较大。针对非偏心环锥罩和偏心环锥罩两种药型罩结构开展的静破甲试验表明,环形射流侵彻深度和扩孔直径的试验结果与数值模拟结果误差小于12%,验证了数值模拟模型的可靠性。

不同湍流模型对环形射流泵流场模拟的影响

为准确反映环形射流泵吸入室内流体剧烈的动量交换对流场的影响,将RNG k-ε(RNG)、Realizable k-ε(RKE)、RSM、Standard k-ω(SKW)、SST k-ω(SST)这5种湍流模型和3种壁面处理方法进行组合对比计算,并开展水力实验进行验证。结果表明:不同壁面函数对环形射流泵性能和壁面压力系数的计算影响很小;相较于RNG、SKW、SST,RKE模型或RSM模型结合可扩展壁面函数(ScWF)的计算结果与实测更吻合。对比模拟流场发现:低流量比工况下不同湍流模型性能预测结果与模拟的回流区分布范围相关,模拟出来的回流区范围越大,预测的环形射流泵性能越低。基于熵产理论分析认为,环形射流泵的能量损失主要源于分布在壁面和混合剪切层的湍动熵产,高流量比工况下RSM模型计算得到的湍动熵产率偏高,是其预测性能低于RKE模型的主要原因。

基于环阵超声的高精度微量移液平台

非接触式超声移液技术在药物开发、合成生物学、分子诊断等生物医学领域具有广阔的应用潜力。目前基于单阵元聚焦换能器的超声移液技术,因换能器制作工艺简单及能量大等优势得到了广泛的应用。然而基于单阵元换能器的超声移液方式因为换能器焦距固定需要机械移动换能器实现不同高度液体的转移,导致移液效率较低、通量低。环阵换能器可以采用电子聚焦的方式实现焦点在轴向上动态调节,能够克服单阵元换能器焦距固定的缺点,有望提高超声移液效率。因此,该文自主设计并制作了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的五通道高精度超声信号发射系统,采用定制的五阵元环阵超声换能器搭建了一套基于环阵超声的高精度超声移液平台。该移液平台可以实现超声焦点动态精准调节,并在不同焦距情况下实现纳升级液滴精准转移,可以有效提高超声移液效率和通量,具有重要的应用价值和前景。

Mg-Li-Gd合金与不锈钢髓内针植入固定大鼠股骨环形半缺损的比较

背景:随着骨科植入物需求的增加,寻找具有良好生物相容性和降解性能的材料成为研究热点。Mg-Li-Gd合金具有良好的降解性、生物相容性与力学性能,为骨折愈合提供了理想的支持条件。目的:评估Mg-Li-Gd合金植入物对大鼠骨愈合的影响。方法:在28只SD大鼠右侧股骨中段外侧制作环形半缺损模型,随机分2组处理:不锈钢组使用不锈钢髓内针进行内固定,镁合金组使用Mg-Li-Gd合金髓内针进行内固定,每组14只。术后2,8,14周,进行右侧股骨X射线片与Micro-CT检查,以及右侧股骨苏木精-伊红染色、免疫组化染色与Western Blot检测。结果与结论:①X射线片:术后2周,两组截骨线均清晰,镁合金组髓内针密度与骨组织密度相接近,不锈钢组髓内针密度高于骨组织;术后8周,两组截骨线均已模糊,镁合金组髓内针已发生腐蚀降解;术后14周,两组截骨线均已消失,镁合金组髓内针进一步腐蚀降解。②Micro-CT:术后2周,两组骨痂开始形成;术后8周,不锈钢组进入骨痂重塑阶段,骨缺损部位形成较为致密的骨结构,镁合金组骨缺损部位呈现明显的骨痂增生;术后14周,不锈钢组表现为成熟的骨重塑过程,骨缺损部位形成厚实的皮质骨,镁合金组形成较薄的皮质骨。③苏木精-伊红染色:术后2周,镁合金组可见大量成骨细胞、骨细胞和少量的破骨细胞及骨小梁结构,不锈钢组可见相对较少的成骨细胞和骨细胞;术后8周,镁合金组可见大量成骨细胞、骨细胞及成熟骨小梁结构,不锈钢组可见大量骨细胞及板状骨;术后14周,镁合金组可见板状骨,不锈钢组可见成熟的骨组织。④免疫组化染色与Western Blot检测:相同时间点下,镁合金组骨形态发生蛋白2、骨钙素和RUNX2蛋白表达均高于不锈钢组。⑤结果表明,相较于不锈钢材料,Mg-Li-Gd合金在促进骨折愈合结构形成方面无明显优势。

潜水搅拌机环形池流速试验及CFD模拟研究

根据国标《潜水推流式搅拌机》(GB/T 33566—2017)的相关要求,潜水搅拌机检测需在环形检测水池中进行,而环形检测水池造价昂贵,且水体测速难度较高,导致现阶段潜水搅拌机的流场特性研究缺乏有力的试验支撑.为此,以QJB7.5/12-620/3-480/S型潜水搅拌机作为研究对象,依托绍兴质检院现有的环形检测池进行流速试验,对比CFD软件进行的全流场数值模拟,得到结论:在潜水搅拌机的标准池流场范围内,试验与计算的流动特性具有高度的相似性,此型号潜水搅拌机在有效推流段内,流道中心区域流速随着推进距离的增加先增大后减小,并在推进距离5.0 m处附近,流速出现极大值约为0.600 m/s;受不均匀来流的影响,潜水搅拌机轴向推流存在一定偏差,导致外墙壁一侧水体流速低于内挡板侧;试验中,当推进距离达到15.0 m时,所有测速点流速均低于0.300 m/s;结合数值计算结果,此型号潜水搅拌机当量有效推流长度为13.64 m,当量有效容积为218.24 m^(3),比功率为32,环形池内平均流速约为0.153 m/s.研究推动了潜水搅拌机有关标准的执行和不断完善,对潜水搅拌机的性能认知和应用发展具有重要意义.

Annular multiphase flow behavior during deep water drilling and the effect of hydrate phase transition

It is very important to understand the annular multiphase flow behavior and the effect of hydrate phase transition during deep water drilling. The basic hydrodynamic models, including mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations, were established for annular flow with gas hydrate phase transition during gas kick. The behavior of annular multiphase flow with hydrate phase transition was investigated by analyzing the hydrate-forming region, the gas fraction in the fluid flowing in the annulus, pit gain, bottom hole pressure, and shut-in casing pressure. The simulation shows that it is possible to move the hydrate-forming region away from sea floor by increasing the circulation rate. The decrease in gas volume fraction in the annulus due to hydrate formation reduces pit gain, which can delay the detection of well kick and increase the risk of hydrate plugging in lines. Caution is needed when a well is monitored for gas kick at a relatively low gas production rate, because the possibility of hydrate presence is much greater than that at a relatively high production rate. The shut-in casing pressure cannot reflect the gas kick due to hydrate formation, which increases with time.

Annular electromagnetic stirring——a new method for the production of semi-solid A357 aluminum alloy slurry

A new method for producing semisolid slurry, annular electromagnetic stirring （AEMS）, to refine and spheroidize grains was exploited. Experimental work was undertaken to investigate the effects of cooling rate, stirring power and stirring time on the solidification behavior of A357 alloy using A-EMS. It was found that increasing the cooling rate and stirring power gave rise to substantial grain refinement, which could be attributed to the increase of effective nucleation rate caused by the extremely uniform temperature and composition fields in the bulk liquid during the initial stage of solidification. Results showed that a fully grain refined spherical structure could be obtained using proper processing conditions within 10 s.

Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in annular wetland soil-water solutions through soil profiles in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Overwhelming evidence reveals that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） have increased in streams which brings negative environmental impacts. DOC in stream flow is mainly originated from soil-water solutions of watershed. Wetlands prove to be the most sensitive areas as an important DOC reserve between terrestrial and fluvial biogeosystems. This reported study was focused on the distribution characteristics and the controlling factors of DOC in soil-water solutions of annular wetland, i.e., a dishing wetland and a forest wetland together, in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results indicate that DOC concentrations in soilwater solutions decreased and then increased with increasing soil depth in the annular wetland. In the upper soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, DOC concentrations in soil-water solutions linearly increased from edge to center of the annular wetland （R^2 = 0.3122 and R^2 = 0.443）. The distribution variations were intimately linked to DOC production and utilization and DOC transport processes in annular wetland soil-water solutions. The concentrations of total organic carbon （TOC）, total carbon （TC） and Fe（II）, DOC mobility and continuous vertical and lateral flow affectext the distribution variations of DOC in soil-water solutions. The correlation coefficients between DOC concentrations and TOC, TC and Fe（II） were 0.974, 0.813 and 0.753 respectively. These distribution characteristics suggested a systematic response of the distribution variations of DOC in annular wetland soil-water solutions to the geometry of closed depressions on a scale of small catchments. However, the DOC in soil pore water of the annular wetland may be the potential source of DOC to stream flow on watershed scale. These observations also implied the fragmentation of wetland landscape could bring the spatial-temporal variations of DOC distribution and exports, which would bring negative environmental impacts in watersheds of the Sanjiang Plain.

Influence of Cross-Sectional Flow Area of Annular Volute Casing on Transient Characteristics of Ceramic Centrifugal Pump

The annular volute is typically used in a slurry pump to reduce the collisions between solid particles and the volute tongue and to achieve a better resistance to blocking. However, only limited studies regarding annular volutes are available, and there is no systematic design method for annular volutes. In this study, the influence of volute casing cross-sectional flow area on the hydraulic loss, pressure pulsations, and radial force under varying working conditions in a centrifugal ceramic pump are discussed in detail. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the numerical results. The results indicated that, when the volute casing flow area increases, the hydraulic performance decreases marginally under the rated working conditions, but increases at the o-design points, specifically under large flow condition. However, the volute casing with a larger flow area has a wider high-e ciency region. In addition, the increase in the volute casing flow area will decrease the pressure pulsations in the volute, regardless of the working condition, and decrease the radial force on the shaft, therefore, providing an improved pump operational stability. It is anticipated that this study will be of benefit during the design of annular volutes.

The Springtime North Asia Cyclone Activity Index and the Southern Annular Mode

The relationship between the North Asia cyclone （NAC） activity and the Southern Annular Mode （SAM） is documented in this research. The definition of the NAC index （NACI） is based on the atmospheric relative vorticity in North Asia. The analysis yields a significant positive correlation between previous winter Southern Annular Mode index （SAMI） and spring NACI in the interannual variability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.51 during 1948-2000. Analysis of the NAC-related and SAM-related atmospheric general circulation variability demonstrates such a relationship. The study further reveals that when the winter SAM becomes strong, the springtime atmospheric convection in tropical western Pacific will intensify and the local Hadley circulation will be strengthened. As a result, the abnormal subsiding motion over South China makes the temperature gradient intensified in the low level and strengthens the jet in the high level, both of which are beneficial to the development of NAC activity.

Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Nozzle Lip Thickness on the Flow Field and Performance of an Annular Jet Pump

The performance of an annular jet pump( AJP) is determined by its area ratio A( ratio of cross sectional area of throat and annular nozzle) and flow rate ratio q( ratio of primary and secondary flow rate,Qs/Qj),while the nozzle lip thickness is neglected in the present studies. This paper presents a study on the effect of the thickness on the flow field and performance of an AJP with A = 1. 75. With the increasing flow rate ratio and nozzle lip thickness,a small vortex forms at the nozzle lip and keeps on growing. However,as the flow rate ratio or nozzle lip thickness is extremely low,the vortex at the lip vanishes thoroughly. Moreover,the recirculation width varies conversely with the nozzle lip thickness when the flow rate ratio q ≤ 0. 13. While the deviation of the recirculation width with different nozzle lip thickness is negligible with q ≥ 0. 13. Additionally the existence of nozzle lip hinders the momentum exchange between the primary and secondary flow and leads to a mutation of velocity gradient near the nozzle exit,which shift the recirculation downstream. Finally,based on the numerical results of the streamwise and spanwise vortex distributions in the suction chamber, the characteristics of the mixing process and the main factors accounting for the AJP performance are clarified.

Influence of the Preceding Austral Summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on the Amplitude of ENSO Decay

There is increasing evidence of the possible role of extratropical forcing in the evolution of ENSO. The Southern Hemi- sphere Annular Mode （SAM） is the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. This study shows that the austral summer （December-January-February; DJF） SAM may also influence the amplitude of ENSO decay during austral autumn （March-April-May; MAM）. The mechanisms associated with this SAM-ENSO relationship can be briefly summarized as follows： The SAM is positively （negatively） correlated with SST in the Southern Hemisphere middle （high） latitudes. This dipole-like SST anomaly pattern is referred to as the Southern Ocean Dipole （SOD）. The DJF SOD, caused by the DJF SAM, could persist until MAM and then influence atmospheric circulation, including trade winds, over the Nifio3.4 area. Anomalous trade winds and SST anomalies over the Nifio3.4 area related to the DJF SAM are further developed through the Bjerkness feedback, which eventually results in a cooling （warming） over the Nifio3.4 area followed by the positive （negative） DJF SAM.

Numerical and experimental research on annular crossed cable-truss structure under cable rupture

The Annular Crossed Cable-Truss Structure（ACCTS） is a new type of Tensile Spatial Structure with a configuration suitable to cover large-span stadiums. Its configuration has potential to perform well in resisting disproportionate collapse. However, its disproportionate collapse resistance hasn＇t yet been analyzed in depth. In this study, numerical and experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of ACCTS under cable rupture. The numerical analysis was done for ten cable-rupture plans using LS-DYNA（explicit method） and the experimental test on an ACCTS with a diameter of 17.15 m was performed for three cable-rupture plans. It is concluded that, while deflections increase with the number of removed cables, an ACCTS does not undergo a disproportionate collapse and it provides a promising structural concept for tensile spatial structures.

Annular pancreas associated with duodenal carcinoma

Annular pancreas (AP) is a rare congenital anomaly. Coexisting malignancy has been reported only in a few cases. We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in the English literature of duodenal adenocarcinoma in a patient with AP. In a 55-year old woman with duodenal outlet stenosis magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed an aberrant pancreatic duct encircling the duodenum. Duodenojejunostomy was performed. Eight weeks later she presented with painless jaundice. Duodenopancreatectomy revealed a duodenal adenocarcinoma, surrounded by an incomplete AP. Thus, co-existent malignancy with AP can be present without obstructive jaundice and without being visible through preoperative diagnostics.

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of multi-directional functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates on elastic foundations via state space based differential quadrature method

The three-dimensional free vibration analysis of a multi-directional func- tionally graded piezoelectric （FGP） annular plate resting on two parameter （Pasternak） elastic foundations is investigated under different boundary conditions. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously along the radial and thickness directions and have exponent-law distribution. A semi-analytical approach named the state space based differential quadrature method （SSDQM） is used to provide an analytical solution along the thickness using the state space method （SSM） and an approximate solution along the radial direction using the one-dimensional differential quadrature method （DQM）. The influence of the Winkler and shear stiffness of the foundation~ the material property graded variations, and the circumferential wave number on the nomdimensional natural frequency of multi-directional FGP annular plates is studied.