Adaptive Antenna Utilizing Power Inversion and Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Algorithms

This paper presents a new algorithm based on the power inversion （PI） and the linearly constrained minimum variance （LCMV）. This algorithm is capable of adjusting the weights of the antenna array in real time to respond to and improve the global positioning system （GPS） received signals coming from the desired directions and at the same time to highly suppress the jammers coming from the other directions. The simulation is performed for fixed and moving jammers. It indicates that this structure can give deeper nulls, more than 115 dB depths for fixed jammers and more than 94 dB depths for moving jammers.

Antenna Selection and Power Allocation Design for 5G Massive MIMO Uplink Networks

Massive MIMO is one of the key technologies in future 5G communications which can satisfy the requirement of high speed and large capacity. This paper considers antenna selection and power allocation design to promote energy conservation then provide good quality of service(QoS) for the whole massive MIMO uplink network. Unlike previous related works, hardware impairment, transmission efficiency, and energy consumption at the circuit and antennas are involved in massive MIMO networks. In order to ensure the QoS, we consider the minimum rate constraint for each user and the system, which increases the complexity of power allocation problem for maximizing energy and spectral efficiency in massive MIMO system. To this end, a quantum-inspired social emotional optimization(QSEO) algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal power control strategy in massive MIMO uplink networks. Simulation results assess the great advantages of QSEO which previous strategies do not have.

Directional power absorption in helicon plasma sources excited by a half-helix antenna

This paper deals with the investigation of the power absorption in helicon plasma excited through a half-helix antenna driven at 13.56 MHz. The simulations were carried out by means of a code,HELIC. They were carried out by taking into account different inhomogeneous radial density profiles and for a wide range of plasma densities, from 10^（11） cm^（-3） to 10^（13） cm^（-3）. The magnetic field was 200, 400, 600 and 1000 G. A three-parameter function was used for generating various density profiles with different volume gradients, edge gradients and density widths. The density profile had a large effect on the efficient Trivelpiece–Gould（TG） and helicon mode excitation and antenna coupling to the plasma. The fraction of power deposition via the TG mode was extremely dependent on the plasma density near the plasma boundary. Interestingly, the obtained efficient parallel helicon wavelength was close to the anticipated value for Gaussian radial density profile.Power deposition was considerably asymmetric when the n/B_0 ratio was more than a specific value for a determined density width. The longitudinal power absorption was symmetric at approximately n_0 =10^（11） cm^（-3）, irrespective of the magnetic field supposed. The asymmetry became more pronounced when the plasma density was 10^（12） cm^（-3）. The ratio of density width to the magnetic field was an important parameter in the power coupling. At high magnetic fields, the maximum of the power absorption was reached at higher plasma density widths. There was at least one combination of the plasma density, magnetic field and density width for which the RF power deposition at both side of the tube reached its maximum value.

Correction Factor for Power Gain in Antenna Arrays

Antenna array gain is a relative measure of performance defined differently in various literature. Most definitions of gain are not power consistent, and thus cannot be used directly in link budget analysis. In this short paper, we present a power correction factor for common definitions of power gain of antenna arrays that allows them to be used in standard link budget calculations.

Adaptive Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for DAS with Imperfect Channel State Information and Antenna Selection

Considering that perfect channel state information(CSI) is difficult to obtain in practice,energy efficiency(EE) for distributed antenna systems(DAS) based on imperfect CSI and antennas selection is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel.A novel EE that is defined as the average transmission rate divided by the total consumed power is introduced.In accordance with this definition,an adaptive power allocation(PA) scheme for DAS is proposed to maximize the EE under the maximum transmit power constraint.The solution of PA in the constrained EE optimization does exist and is unique.A practical iterative algorithm with Newton method is presented to obtain the solution of PA.The proposed scheme includes the one under perfect CSI as a special case,and it only needs large scale and statistical information.As a result,the scheme has low overhead and good robustness.The theoretical EE is also derived for performance evaluation,and simulation result shows the validity of the theoretical analysis.Moreover,EE can be enhanced by decreasing the estimation error and/or path loss exponents.

High-Power 30-Element Helical Antenna Array

A new radial-line helical array (RLHA) using dual-branch helical antennas has been designed for improving the power capacity of RLHAs. The helical element is cavity-backed to lower the mutual coupling and its power capacity is higher than the conventional ones. The components of the proposed array are discussed and the power capacity is obtained by simulation. Compared with the typical RLHAs, the proposed sub-array has not only higher power capacity but also uses fewer elements. Experimentally, the measured results of an array prototype indicate that high gain as well as circular polarization has been successfully achieved.

Adaptive Energy Efficient Power Allocation Scheme for DAS with Multiple Receive Antennas

Energy efficiency(EE)of downlink distributed antenna system(DAS)with multiple receive antennas is investigated over composite Rayleigh fading channel that takes the path loss and lognormal shadow fading into account.Our aim is to maximize EE which is defined as the ratio of the transmission rate to the total consumed power under the constraints of the maximum transmit power of each remote antenna.According to the definition of EE,the optimized objective function is formulated with the help of Lagrangian method.By using the Karush-KuhnTucker(KKT)conditions and numerical calculation,considering both the static and dynamic circuit power consumptions,an adaptive energy efficient power allocation(PA)scheme is derived.This scheme is different from the conventional iterative PA schemes based on EE maximization since it can provide closed-form expression of PA coefficients.Moreover,it can obtain the EE performance close to the conventional iterative scheme and exhaustive search method while reducing the computation complexity greatly.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Performance of joint dual links dynamic power control and smart antenna for TDMA/TDD cellular mobile communications

Interference cancellation is made available by using smart antenna at cellular base stations. Well distributed cumulative probability of signal to interference plus noise power ratio appears to be vital for cellular mobile multimedia communications. A scenario of dual links dynamic power control combined to a solution of smart antenna is proposed to adjust the instant transmission power in terms of the disparity from the favorite range. Simulation results show that this method is quite effective to improve the cumulative distribution probability performance. Meanwhile, accompanying low power consumption is also obtained at both base stations and mobile stations.

天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测研究

天气雷达站产生的超标电磁辐射会对人体造成严重的损伤。为此,提出天气雷达站电磁环境影响监测与分析。分析天气雷达站电磁影响因素,结合发射天线的方向函数,构建雷达功率密度模型。测试结果表明,对于S波、C波段、X波段,真实值与计算值呈现随距离增加而降低的趋势。对于三个波的频段,当接近天线的远场区时,计算值与真实值逐渐接近,相对误差均较小,说明模型在远场区的适用性更强;研究算法与实测值的拟合程度较高;在模型的应用中,真实反映了某市区的电磁辐射情况。

Employing Power Allocation to Enhance Zero Forcing Scheme Advantages over Multi-Antenna Multiple Relay Networks

A multi-antenna multiple relay (MAMR) network is considered and a variation of two-hop zero-forcing amplify-forward relaying method is proposed. Deploying ZF method together with application of diagonal power allocation matrices at the relays, it is shown that the overall MAMR network is simplified to M independent single antenna multiple relay (SAMR) networks, where M is the number of source and destination antennas. This enables to incorporate network beamforming proposed for SAMR networks. Accordingly, using the BER as the performance metric, we present simulation results to show the proposed approach outperforms the common ZF method addressed in the literature.

油气管道VSAT卫星链路计算方法研究

为了解决VSAT卫星链路完全依靠卫星厂家进行计算且无法核对厂家提供的数据是否正确的问题,针对VSAT卫星链路计算的可靠性和健壮性,提出了一种油气管道VSAT卫星链路计算方法。该方法采用“功带平衡”算法,将VSAT卫星链路的带宽占用比等同于功率占用比,计算出卫星转发器最大输出功率,进而计算等效功率密度,根据每载波占用卫星的ERIP值公式,计算出饱和通量密度,匹配出卫星天线尺寸及功放矩阵,根据匹配的卫星天线及功放计算VSAT卫星链路总载噪比,将VSAT卫星链路总载噪比和系统最低载噪比进行对比,VSAT卫星链路总载噪比大者为合适的卫星天线及功放,反之为不合适选项,用推算出的卫星天线及功放推算出功率占用比,功率占用比与带宽占用比差别较大时,需调整卫星天线及功放的选择,计算功率占用比,直到卫星天线及功放达到功率占用比等于带宽占用比,即为最优的卫星天线和功放。通过最终的计算可得出卫星天线与功放的匹配矩阵,在实际工程中需从中选取合适的卫星天线与功放中的最小值达到最经济、可靠的匹配。该计算方法通过软件编程进行了界面可视化显示,并在诸多工程中进行了详细验证,结果表明此方法准确可靠,很好地提升了VSAT卫星链路计算的可靠性和健壮性。

用于微波无线输能的高增益柔性天线研究

为克服传统有线供能方式的接入不便问题,提出了一种用于5.8 GHz微波无线输能(MWPT)高增益柔性天线。天线以聚酰亚胺(PI)为基底,采用广义迭代设计方法得到3层圆环结构,并选用共面波导(CPW)方式馈电。此外,为提高天线增益,在天线背面加载空气层和柔性反射板,并对天线性能进行了测试。测量结果显示:该天线在频率5.8 GHz处的峰值增益为9.51 dBi;当天线弯曲在曲率半径为85,60,45 mm时,增益始终保持在8.89 dBi以上,S_(11)幅值始终小于-10 dB。最后,通过微波无线输能实验测得该天线最大能量捕获效率可达71.3%,在弯曲状态下也能保持59%以上的捕获效率。该天线的高增益、高能量捕获效率以及稳定性证明了其在微波无线输能中具有潜在的应用价值。

无线电波发射功率防爆要求与检测方法

现行国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021《爆炸性环境第1部分:设备通用要求》和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017《Explosive atmospheres-Part 0:Equipment-General requirements》规定无线电发射器的阈功率为无线电发射器的有效输出功率与天线增益的乘积。在无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值一定的条件下,天线增益越大,无线电发射器的有效输出功率就越小,这将限制通过增大天线增益,提高无线传输距离。因此,有必要对国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017中规定的阈功率的正确性进行研究,提出合理的无线电波发射功率防爆要求与检测方法。提出了无线电波防爆安全发射功率与天线增益无关,国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017规定的无线电发射器的阈功率是错误的。提出了煤矿井下无线电波防爆安全发射功率阈值应大于16 W,且与天线增益无关;国家标准GB/T 3836.1—2021和国际标准IEC 60079-0:2017规定阈功率不得大于6 W,且与天线增益相关,是错误的。提出了无线电波防爆安全性能检测方法——检测无线电发射器输出功率,这既可保证通过检测的防爆无线电设备的防爆安全,又简化了检测方法,更提高了防爆无线电设备的无线电波发射功率,解除了对天线增益的限制,将大大提高煤矿井下防爆无线电设备的无线传输距离。

5G室内分布系统规划建模及优化算法

由于5G移动通信技术中的多数新业务包括时代智慧家庭、智能工厂、虚拟现实等等都发生在室内场景,因此如何快速规划建设成本低且功率损耗少的5G网络室内分布系统,对电信运营商来说具有重要的意义。建立了更贴近实际场景下的5G室内分布系统规划数学模型,该模型以最小化部署成本和天线间最大输出信号功率偏差为目标,以满足每个天线的期望输出信号功率为约束,是一个带约束的混合变量多目标优化问题。基于哈夫曼编码思想,提出了适合室分系统结构的编码策略,利用该编码策略在MOEA/D-CM2M算法框架下设计出求解该模型的有效算法,并且能够通过一次运行提供多个规划方案。计算机仿真表明建立的模型与提出的算法十分有效,比两个真实案例的原设计分别节省了8.90%和20.09%的成本。

DSRT三轴低频天线指向误差批量测量和校正方法

稻城圆环阵太阳射电望远镜(Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope, DSRT)作为子午工程二期太阳-行星际探测子系统的重要部分,工作在150–450 MHz频段,可提供高空间、高时间分辨率的太阳爆发亮温图像.针对DSRT天线的高精度指向测量以及对指向误差批量标定和校正的需求,首先根据DSRT独有的三轴座架系统,通过四元数旋转变换法建立了天线3参数编码器零点误差模型;然后提出了基于射电源的漂移扫描法获得16个单元天线功率方向图,并根据2维方向图确定波束中心的方法精确测量了DSRT天线指向误差;最后用最小二乘法拟合得到模型参数,并通过天线控制软件重新调整各个轴的零点,后对调整结果进行验证.结果表明指向校正方法可靠有效,校正后16个天线的指向精度为0.5°之内,明显优于校正前3.5°的指向误差,满足误差小于DSRT天线最高工作频率下的1/10波束范围内的要求.

脉冲宽度对高功率微波阵列天线辐射特性的影响

为了研究馈入脉冲波形的脉冲宽度(脉冲半高宽)对高功率微波阵列天线辐射特性的影响,以L波段(1.575 GHz)高功率微波波导缝隙阵列天线为例,首先从理论分析、数值仿真方面研究不同馈入脉冲波形脉宽对阵列天线辐射增益和辐射脉冲脉宽的影响,然后根据仿真模型加工制作了一款由4根波导组成的宽边纵缝阵列天线,并将波导缝隙阵列天线结合功分网络与吉瓦级微波源(高功率微波磁控管)连试,开展了高功率微波辐射实验。数值仿真结果表明,当馈入的L波段微波脉冲脉宽约为10 ns时,阵列天线辐射增益比连续波馈入时的增益减小2.2 dB,脉宽展宽2.6 ns;当馈入脉冲波形脉宽约为15 ns时,阵列天线时域增益比连续波馈入时的时域增益减小1.5 dB,脉宽展宽1.9 ns。高功率微波实验结果表明,与辐射场脉宽为9.6 ns的高功率微波相比,辐射场脉冲脉宽为15.65 ns的高功率微波功率密度提升了3.1 dB。

一种旋转移相式高功率微波反射阵列天线

利用旋转移相技术的几何相位调控方法,提出一种基于传输相位差概念的波束扫描高功率微波反射阵列天线。电磁仿真结果表明,所设计的三叉戟形反射阵列天线单元工作于9.5~10.5 GHz,在0~40°入射角度下具有360°范围内的线性相位调控能力,真空条件下的功率容量达到1.11 GW。采用该单元设计了半径为200 mm的圆形口径反射阵列天线,并使用全波仿真软件进行验证,利用口径相位分布的可重构特性,所设计的反射阵列天线可以实现±40°范围内的波束扫描。在10 GHz时,波束扫描过程中的增益下降小于1.7 dB,最大增益达到31.1 dBi,对应口径效率为73.42%,最低口径效率超过50%,副瓣电平和轴比始终低于-18.7 dB和1.6 dB。

一种高性能功率放大器-圆极化天线的一体化设计

本文设计了一种具有圆极化辐射特性的高性能功率放大器-天线一体化电路。通过直接优化圆极化天线的输入阻抗,使之与消除输出匹配网络的功放电路直接集成。这种无缝集成方式不仅有效减少了插入和失配损耗以及整体电路尺寸,而且提高了整体的性能。采用的圆极化天线由矩形贴片和改进的地平面组成,通过在地平面上增加垂直短截线和切割水平缝隙,增强了天线的3 dB轴比带宽。为了验证,设计、制造和测量了工作在3.4 GHz~3.6 GHz的一体化电路原型。实验结果显示,功放-圆极化天线一体化电路在工作频带内的功率附加效率(PAE)超过60%,且3 dB轴比带宽达到320 MHz(相对于3500 MHz的中心频率为9.1%)。相较于传统的级联设计,PAE提高了8.5%,3 dB轴比带宽也得以改善。

Adaptive Antenna和Switched Beam相结合的新型智能天线

提出了一种上行链路采用Adaptive Beam,下行链路采用Switched Beam的新颖智能天线。其中上行链路是通过由信道估计得到的导向矢量形成指向各用户的Adaptive Beam,下行链路则是通过估计得到的用户分布形成Switched Beam。该智能天线系统既可以抑制上行链路中多用户信号的干扰,也可以使下行波束易于对准用户,使系统有尽可能高的容量且便于实现。

ECRIT等离子体特性数值模拟分析

针对航天器推进系统电子回旋共振离子推力器(ECRIT)电离效率易受放电室结构参数和工作参数影响,主要技术参数之间存在耦合不能单独优化的问题,文章采用多物理场仿真软件开展数值模拟,利用自适应函数细化电子回旋共振(ECR)区网格法提高仿真精度,探究不同磁路结构参数、工质气体、天线构型、微波功率对ECR推力器性能的影响规律,使电子在ECR区能够获得最大能量,经部分试验验证(微波输入功率和工质气体对放电影响),结果表明:磁环间距、内磁环-波导小端面距离和磁体高度对ECR区的分布影响较大,磁体宽度的影响较小;氙气的电子数密度高于氩气;L型天线电子密度和功率沉积高于杆天线;电子数密度和碰撞功率损耗随着入射微波功率增大而增大,可为ECR推力器设计提供参考。