Utility and Application of a Versatile Analytical Method for MMF Calculation in AC Machines

A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization.

Enantioselective analytical methods in chiral drug metabolism

The chiral nature of biological systems enables their stereoselective interaction with chiral compounds. It has been well documented that the enantiomers ofa chiral drug may show differences in drug disposition especially in metabolic behavior. As a result, it is of vital importance to separate the enantiomers of a chiral drug in metabolic studies. This paper discusses enantioselective methods （include high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry） that applied in chiral drug metabolism, using most recent examples where possible.

Impedance Analytical Method of Wave Run-up and Reflection from A Slotted-Wall Caisson Breakwater

An impedance analytical method （IAM） is developed to study the interaction of plane water wave with a slotted-wall caisson breakwater. The non-linear boundary condition at the slotted-wall is expressed in terms of flow resistance. A set of algebraic expressions are obtained for free surface elevation inside and outside chamber, and reflection coefficient. The prediction of the reflection coefficients shows that the relative widths of the chamber inducing the minimum reflection coefficient for a slotted-wall caisson breakwater are in a range of 0.10～0.20, which are smaller than that （0.15～0.25） for a perforated-wall caisson breakwater. The reflection coefficients and free surface elevation obtained by the present model are compared with that of laboratory experiments carried out by previous researchers.

Heat transfer study on solid and porous convective fins with temperature-dependent heat generation using efficient analytical method

A simple and highly accurate semi-analytical method, called the differential transformation method(DTM), was used for solving the nonlinear temperature distribution equation in solid and porous longitudinal fin with temperature dependent internal heat generation. The problem was solved for two main cases. In the first case, heat generation was assumed variable by fin temperature for a solid fin and in second heat generation varied with temperature for a porous fin. Results are presented for the temperature distribution for a range of values of parameters appearing in the mathematical formulation(e.g. N, εG, and G). Results reveal that DTM is very effective and convenient. Also, it is found that this method can achieve more suitable results in comparison to numerical methods.

FREE VIBRATION OF ANISOTROPIC RECTANGULAR PLATES BY GENERAL ANALYTICAL METHOD

According to the differential equation for transverse displacement function of anisotropic rectangular thin plates in free vibration, a general analytical solution is established. This general solution, composed of the composite solutions of trigonometric function and hyperbolic function, can satisfy the problem of arbitrary boundary conditions along four edges. The algebraic polynomial with double sine series solutions can also satisfy the problem of boundary conditions at four corners. Consequently, this general solution can be used to solve the vibration problem of anisotropic rectangular plates with arbitrary boundaries accurately. The integral constants can be determined by boundary conditions of four edges and four corners. Each natural frequency and vibration mode can be solved by the determinate of coefficient matrix from the homogeneous linear algebraic equations equal to zero. For example, a composite symmetric angle ply laminated plate with four edges clamped has been calculated and discussed.

Improved modal truncation error in the directly analytical method for damage identification of frame structures

The damage identification is made by the numerical simulation analysis of a five-storey-and-two-span RC frame structure, using improved and unimproved direct analytical method respectively; and the fundamental equations were solved by the minimal least square method （viz. general inverse method）. It demonstrates that the feasibility and the accuracy of the present approach were impoved significantly, compared with the result of unimproved damage identification.

AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING INTERNAL FORCES AND DEFORMATIONS OF BAR-SYSTEM STRUCTURE IN SPACE

In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper.

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulates: A review

In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.

Efficient and rapid accuracy estimation of the Earth's gravitational field from next-generation GOCE Follow-On by the analytical method

Firstly, a new analytical error model of the cumulative geoid height using the three-dimensional diagonal tensors of satellite gravity gradiometry （SGG） is introduced based on the variance-covariance matrix principle. Secondly, a study for the requirements demonstration on the next-generation GOCE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry system is developed using different satellite orbital altitudes and measurement accuracies of satellite gravity gradiometer by the new analytical error model of SGG. The research results show that it is preferable to design satellite orbital altitudes of 300 km–400km and choose the measurement accuracies of 10-13/s2 –10-15/s2 from satellite gravity gradiometer. Finally, the complementarity of the four-stage satellite gravity missions, including past CHAMP, current GRACE, and GOCE, and next-generation GOCE Follow-On, is contrastively demonstrated for precisely recovering the Earth’s full-frequency gravitational field with high spatial resolution.

Pioglitazone:A review of analytical methods

Pioglitazone is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It selectively stimulates nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR-gamma）. It was the tenth-best-selling drug in the U.S. in 2008. This article examines published analytical methods reported so far in the literature for the determination of pioglitazone in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations. They include various techniques like electrochemical methods, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance thin layer chromatography.

Evaluation of bioefficacy ofα-cypermethrin in long lasting impregnated net(Interceptor~) using analytical method

Objective:To evaluate relationship betweenα-cypermethrin residues in Interceptor~? nets by using HPTLC methods and mortality percentage in standard WHO’s method 'cone test' after repeated washings.Methods:Interceptor~? containingα-cypermethrin was provided by BASF Company.The washing procedure and bioassay tests were carried out according to the WHO-recommended methods.Malaria vector,An.stephensi was exposed to impregnated bed net for three minutes and then mortality measured after 24 hour recovery period.Chemical analysis was carried out in chemical laboratory by using high performance thin layer chromatography method.Results:Result of cone bioassay method showed that washing reduced the efficacy of Interceptor~? bed net from 100%in unwashed nets to 15%at 20 washes.After 20 washes,nets contain(61.2±2.8) mg/m^2 resulting 15%mortality in cone test.Killing activity was reduced when nets were washed.Conclusions:Results will provide an essential clue for monitoring and evaluation of bioefficacy of any long lasting impregnated bed net for quality control.Findings of this study will be useful for WHO.local investigators and people who wish to use pyrethroid-impregnated bed nets for malaria vector control.

Axial Compression Behavior and Analytical Method of L-Shaped Column Composed of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes

Based on the characteristics of an L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, the axial compression experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis were carried out to study the mechanical property of the L-shaped column. The load-displacement curve for the L-shaped column, the deflection and load-strain curves for the mono columns were obtained by the axial compression experiment. The results show that the L-shaped column exhibits a flexural-torsional buckling failure mode. The numerical simulation by the finite element analysis shows that the bearing capacity and failure mode are in accordance with those of the axial compression experiment and the feasi- bility of the finite element analysis is proved. For the calculation of the bearing capacity of the L-shaped column com- posed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, an analytical method is proposed based on the theory of the elastic stability and spatial truss model. The results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those of the axial compression experiment and the finite element analysis.

Application of the state space model to the system of wave energy conversion Analytical method for wave forces on singleoscillating rectangular buoy

A new analytical method is proposed to analyze the force acting on a rectangular oscillating buoy due to linear waves.In the method a new analytical expression for the diffraction velocity potential is obtained first by use of theeigenfunction expansion method and then the wave excitation force is calculated by use of the known incident wavepotential and the diffraction potential. Compared with the classical analytical method, it can be seen that the presentmethod is simpler for a two-dimensional problem due to the comparable effort needed for the computation ofdiffraction potential and for that of radiated potential. To verify the correctness of the method, a classical example inthe reference is recomputed and the obtained results are in good accordance with those by use of other methods,which shows that the present method is correct.

AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR A MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF CIRCULAR PLATES UNDER ARBITRARY LATERAL LOADS

In this paper by using the concept of mixed boundary funetions, an analytical method is proposed for a mixed boundary value problem of circular plates. The trial functions are constructed by using the series of particular solutions of the biharmonic equations in the polar coordinate system. Three examples are presented to show the stability and high convergence rate of the method.

Discussion on applying an analytical method to optimize the anti-freeze design parameters for underground water pipelines in seasonally frozen areas

Adopting the quasi-three-dimensional （Quasi-3D） numerical method to optimize the anti-freeze design parameters of an underground pipeline usually involves heavy numerical calculations. Here, the fitting formulae between the safe con-veyance distance （SCD） of a water pipeline and six influencing factors are established based on the lowest water temper-ature （LWT） along the pipeline axis direction. With reference to the current widely used anti-freeze design approaches for underground pipelines in seasonally frozen areas, this paper first analyzes the feasibility of applying the maximum frozen penetration （MFP） instead of the mean annual ground surface temperature （MAGST） and soil water content （SWC） to calculate the SCD. The results show that the SCD depends on the buried depth if the MFP is fixed and the variation of the MAGST and SWC combination does not significantly change the SCD. A comprehensive formula for the SCD is estab-lished based on the relationships between the SCD and several primary influencing factors and the interaction among them. This formula involves five easy-to-access parameters： the MFP, buried depth, pipeline diameter, flow velocity, and inlet water temperature. A comparison between the analytical method and the numerical results based on the Quasi-3D method indicates that the two methods are in good agreement overall. The analytic method can be used to optimize the anti-freeze design parameters of underground water pipelines in seasonally frozen areas under the condition of a 1.5 safety coefficient.

Pricing of discrete barrier options based on an analytical method

The problem o f analytically pricing the discrete monitored European barrier options is studied under the assumption of the Black-Scholes market.First,using variable transformation,the mean vector and covariance matrix of multi-dimensional marginal distribution are given.Secondly,the analytica pricing formulas of the discrete monitored upknock-out European call option and the discrete monitored down-knock-out European put option a e obtained by using the conditional probability and the characteristics o f the multidimensional normal distribution.Finally,the effects of the discrete monitoring barriers on the prices of the barrier optionsare discussed and analyzed.The research results state that the price o f the discrete monitored up-knock-out European call option mcreases with the increase in the up barrier,a d the price o f the discrete monitored down-knock-out European put option decreases with the increase in the down barrier.

An Exact Analytical Method for Magnetic Field Computation and Electromagnetic Torque in a Concentric Magnetic Gear

准确计算磁力齿轮电磁转矩是设计、分析磁力齿轮的关键,采用二维全局解析法计算同心式磁力齿轮气隙磁场。求解场域划分为内外转子永磁体、内外两层气隙和调磁定子的槽形区域,3类子区域的拉普拉斯方程和泊松方程通过边界连续条件建立联系。得到内外两层气隙区域的矢量磁位磁通密度解析表达式,有利于方便、快速、精确地计算任意转子位置的电磁转矩。计算了内外两层气隙磁场和内外转子电磁转矩,将气隙磁场波形和内外转子电磁转矩波形分别与二维有限元法计算波形作比较,结果吻合,证明了方法的正确性和有效性。

General analytical method of designing shielded coils for arbitrary axial magnetic field

Magnetic coils for specific requirements are widely used in modern quantum physics. In this study, a general analytical method of designing the shielded coils for generating an arbitrary axial magnetic field is proposed. The theoretical formula for an axial magnetic field generated by a single shielded coil is obtained and used to construct specific coils. The structural parameters of these coils are determined by fitting the theoretical formula with their specific requirements. The feasibility of this method is proved by realizing four concrete kinds of coils: uniform magnetic field generating coils, gradient magnetic field generating coils, asymmetrical uniform magnetic field generating coils, and parabolic magnetic field generating coils. The correctness of these theoretical results is demonstrated by both the finite element simulations and the relevant experimental results. Furthermore, the application of this method is of great significance for developing the quantum physics and quantum devices in future.

An Analytical Method for Predicting Chaos in Perturbed Planar Non-Hamiltonian System

An analytical method for predicting chaos in perturbed planar non Hamiltonian integrable systems with slowly varying parameters was developed. Based on the analysis of the geometric structure of unperturbed systems, the condition of transversely homoclinic intersection was given. The generalized Melnikov function of the perturbed system was found by applying the theorem on the differentiability of ordinary differential equation solutions with respect to parameters.

Development of Analytical Method for the Detection of Nemacur Residues in Cucumber Fruits

Application of Nemacur (Fenamiphos) for pest control may contaminate soil, water and plant with harmful residues and pose threats to human life. This study developed an easy method for the determination of Nemacur residues in cucumber fruits collected from the central markets and from the farm. The method is based on extracting the active ingredients of Nemacur from the commercial formulation and used as a standard material to calibrate the HPLC to determine Nemacur residues in cucumber fruits collected from the central market. Results showed that more than 70% of the active ingredient was extracted from the commercial formulations. Standardization of HPLC with extracted materials showed strong positive association between concentration and peak area relationship. Bioassay investigation showed high mortality of tested organism (fish). Statistical analysis of mortality % between the commercial formulation and those of the extracted ingredient showed no significant differences. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of extracted Nemacur to calibrate HPLC and in bioassay test. Nemacur residues in Cucumber fruits collected from the market were below the detection limit of HPLC, recovery % of Nemacur from control group of cucumber was above 80%. It can be concluded that the method is easily developed and validated by bioassay and chemo-assay.