The ＂Sacred Marriage＂ of Beauty and Eros and Its Anthropological Condition

Art composed of categories of the scale of beauty transmutes the aesthetic into eroticism, such that as an element of life it may be displayed as a love relationship between beauty and eros, the knowledge of which is referenced as early as Plato＇s philosophical contemplations. Plato characterizes eros in the Symposium and the Phaedrus as an invincible psychic force, capable, taking into account the fallibility of man, of compelling him toward the acquisition of that which will entail his completion. Eros, considered thusly, contributes to human ontogeny. Plotinus, who experiences beauty as eros and terror accompanied by pleasure, to the same degree will characterize it as the outcome and consequence of an intellectually and morally superior human soul. By this definition, the greatness of art lies in the fact that it compels the souls of men to eros for its spiritual content, the true nature of a work of art being the idea. As such, as long as it is not easy to know if this beauty exists as an ontologically, gnoseologically, and aesthetically idealized entity, so much the more we consider that we cannot entirely prove Freud＇s erotic theory of primordial and desirable phantasms, which seems to differ only slightly from the Platonic theory, or from Jung＇s theory of archetypes, as it seems not to recognize to an appropriate degree individual human experience. On the contrary and in agreement with the Lacanian theory on eros, in the environment of which eros is directed towards the other, so like it, it emerges in the life of the other, rupturing and reformulating it, we consider that each of us, in reality, in the erotic phenomenon, meets the other, and, behind him, our own self, which, enchanted by all that we sense that the other represents, rates all his characteristics as charmingly beautiful, because they have the privilege of coinciding, or at least of converging towards the aesthetic, entirely unique foundation of our self.

Anthropological examination in burned body:a retrospective identification case

It is a well-established fact that forensic anthropology has been extremely helpful in identifying thermally altered human remains,especially in recent years.With the improvement of new analytical techniques,the identification success rate has also been increased.With the help of statistical analysis,combined with analytical anthropological methods,the Forensic Anthropology Service of the Afranio Peixoto Medico-Legal Institute succeeded in identifying a charred body,with a margin of error of approximately 1:500 million to be obtained.

Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion(Indel)markers included in the Qiagen Investigator■DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan(Punjabi,Pashtun,Sindhi,Saraiki,and Baloch).In the Sindhi population,the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction.The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12(Pashtun and Baloch)to 1.0E-12(Sindhi),and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995(Punjabi,Sindhi,and Saraiki)to 0.996(Pashtun and Baloch).The high combined power of discrimination(0.99999999999997)and low combined match probability(1.7E-12)for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations.The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations.The results show that the populations clustered according to geography.The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan,as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations.The results suggest that the Investigator■DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.

Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

A Few Important and Original Aspects of Carlo Cattaneo’s Philosophical-Linguistic Ideas

The essay has two main purposes.The first is a general reconstruction of Cattaneo’s linguistic thought,highlighting the most important aspects of both his reflections on the connection between language and the community of speakers,and his study of the functions and properties of language.The latter includes an analysis of the influence Cattaneo’s philosophy had on the sphere of Italian linguistics at the turn of the 20th century.

Progress and prospect of critical discourse analysis

The present paper reviews the theoretical framework and analytic methods of Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA） and then introduces the latest development of CDA from the perspectives of linguistic anthropology, cognitive linguistics and corpus linguistics. The prospect of CDA is accordingly advanced.

Indigenous Knowledge on Soil Classification of Ethnic Groups in Luang Prabang Province of the Lao PDR

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate ethno-scientific elicitation techniques in retrieving indigenous knowledge at village-level, and to document the indigenous soil classification systems of different ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province in the Lao PDR. The study area comprised three villages – Nambo, Huaymaha and Thapo, in the Phonxay district of Luang Prabang province. Three ethnic groups were covered by the study – Hmong, Khmu and Lao Loum. All three ethnic groups used soil color as main criteria for soil classification. However, even within the same ethnic group, sometimes different villages have differences in the way they classify soils; this was apparent for the Hmong ethnic group in the villages of Huaymaha and Nambo. A significant difference of the Lao Loum ethnic group from the other two, was the emphasis used in classifying soil types according to their water holding capabilities. In contrast, the Khmu and Hmong classified many soil types in relation to their rock content (‘with rock’ or ‘pure rock’ sometimesbeing used). The results of the study suggest that the ethnic groups classify the soils in relation to their potential for different types of agricultural production.

Religious Beliefs in Pre-lslamic Poetry

The subject of this study is how pre-Islamic poets viewed religious beliefs and how the Arabs dealt with such beliefs in the period that preceded the emergence of Islam, known as the/ahiliyya. The study discusses Arab religious beliefs and rites, which were filled with mythical elements such as idol worship, treating some animals as sacred, and worship of the sun, plants, certain inanimate objects and birds. It describes the various stages through which these beliefs passed, from sanctification of trees and caves, through the worship of the sun and the stars, to idol worship and more. The study then proceeds to inquire into the traces of mythology to be found in Arabic poetry. It shows how humans did not only inherit their forefathers＇ beliefs, but also their ideas, and explains how poets were able to embody reality by means of artistic symbols that reflected such elements of their lives as emotions and objective mental states. Subsequently the study discusses the sanctity which the Arabs ascribed to some animals, and which they worshipped in the hope of obtaining a blessing, maintaining an intimacy with the animal or averting evil. Many Arabs in those days believed in the sanctity of animals, the sun, the moon and Venus, thought that trees and other p｜ants possessed a spirit, and considered some animals to be deities with extraordinary powers, among them the viper, the crocodile, the bull, the gazelle and the goat. Finally, the study shows how pre-lslamic Arabic poetry can serve as a reliable document that reflects the society of the times, and how even the restricted amount of verse that has survived from those times can provide considerable information about mythical elements that go back to the remotest times.

英美应用人类学与公共人类学之历史、争论与发展

应用人类学(applied anthropology)在英美两国的发展悠久,但是与纯粹人类学(pure anthropology)在发展路线以及学科本质的观点上,却一直存在着对立与互斥。晚近公共人类学(public anthropology)与涉入人类学(engaged anthropology)被提出,支持者主张人类学应更广泛地涉入公共议题与公众生活,脱离传统的学科限制。人类学不仅仅是一门"论其"(speaking of)的纯粹理论学科,人类学亦有可能、或应该成为"为其而论"(speaking for),甚至"为其而做"(doing for)的应用学科。

Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico:Genetic and environmental factors

Alcoholism and cirrhosis,which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide,have a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes.Both diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each population.In contrast to other regions around the world,Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic liver disease with an intermediate category level of per capita alcohol consumption.Mexico has a unique history of alcohol consumption that is linked to profound anthropological and social aspects.The Mexican population has an admixture genome inherited from different races,Caucasian,Amerindian and African,with a heterogeneous distribution within the country.Thus,genes related to alcohol addiction,such as dopamine receptor D2 in the brain,or liver alcoholmetabolizing enzymes,such as alcohol dehydrogenase classⅠpolypeptide B,cytochrome P450 2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 2,may vary from one individual to another.Furthermore,they may be inherited as risk or non-risk haplogroups that confer susceptibility or resistance either to alcohol addiction or abusive alcohol consumption and possibly liver disease.Thus,in this era of genomics,personalized medicine will benefit patients if it is directed according to individual or population-based data.Additional association studies will be required to establish novel strategies for the prevention,care and treatment of liver disease in Mexico and worldwide.

记录正在消失的文化(上)──人类学纪录片在中国

１９世纪末电影的发明凝结了很多人的智慧，爱迪生、卢米埃尔兄弟等诸多前人发明电影是为了记录人类创造的历史和文化，抑或是为了给单调乏味的人类生活增添一些乐趣，我们无从了解。而敏锐的人类学家几乎在电影诞生的同时也意识到了这种光与影结合的技术在田野调查、教学研究以及保存异文化模式方面具有文字所无法比拟的表现空间。 本文主要结合西方影视人类学的发展脉络，概略回顾了人类学纪录片在中国近一个世纪的发展史，并对一些重点作品进行了分析。对人类学和纪录片这两个源自西方的概念在中国语境的不同解释也作了一番探究。此外还从人类学田野研究的角度阐述了“参与观察”对纪录片创作的意义以及未来人类学纪录片在中国的走向。

空间的蚀锈:对共享单车乱象的人类学批评

中国的共享单车热潮已被视为"互联网+"时代创新经济的典范。在承载了诸多赞誉的同时,它也造成了许多新的社会问题。从空间人类学(Anthropology of space)的视角切入这一现象,就能够发现共享单车风潮背后观念的盲点。"共享"作为互联网经济的重要主张之一,在对"空间"问题的理解上,将其视为一种呈现扁平而敞开状态的物理"资源",忽视了空间生产过程中的历史沉淀和公共性。与其说共享单车的使用乱象映射出"国民性"乱象,不如说是技术—资本—文化政治的强势联合对日常生活准则的强势僭越。

Type 2 diabetes in a Senegalese rural area

AIM To estimate the prevalence of diabetes in the rural population of Tessekere(Senegal) and investigate associated risk factors. METHODS Data from a 2015 survey of 500 individuals age 20 and over representative of the population of the municipality of Tessekere were used. Sociodemographic characteristics, health related variables, capillary whole blood glucose, and weight and height measurements of individuals were collected during face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses used were bivariate tests and binary logistic regressions.RESULTS The percentage of individuals having impaired fasting glucose(IFG) is 6.6%. Those with fasting blood glucose(FBG) levels ≥ 126 mg/dL and/or currently being treated for diabetes is 4.2%. Only mean body mass index(BMI) is significantly higher among diabetic individuals and among those having FBG levels ≥ 110 mg/dL. After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, BMI and hypertension, only BMIis associated with diabetes. CONCLUSION Prevalence of diabetes and IFG in our study correspond to the high range of rural sub-Saharan Africa prevalence. Diabetes is thus becoming a pressing public health concern, even in rural areas. But the risk factors identified in Tessekere suggest that the diabetes epidemic is still in the early stages, such that concerted action would make it possible to contain the devastating impact of this chronic condition.

The Rise of Aesthetic Anthropology in the Marginal Culture

At the turn of the century, the development of aesthetics encounters severe challenges and is trapped in a crisis. To get out of it, it is necessary to dig deeper in the study of aesthetics. The fact that the marginal areas＇ cultural heritage, agricultural culture, industrial culture and post-industrial culture often coexist in a harmonious way in a nation or the same area attracts the attention of aesthetic anthropologists. The paper mainly analyzes the constructive relationship between the culture of marginal areas and aesthetic anthropology, and discusses how to establish a relationship between them with the help of the development model of Yunnan＇s marginal culture.

Digital Forensics for Skulls Classification in Physical Anthropology Collection Management

The size,shape,and physical characteristics of the human skull are distinct when considering individual humans.In physical anthropology,the accurate management of skull collections is crucial for storing and maintaining collections in a cost-effective manner.For example,labeling skulls inaccurately or attaching printed labels to skulls can affect the authenticity of collections.Given the multiple issues associated with the manual identification of skulls,we propose an automatic human skull classification approach that uses a support vector machine and different feature extraction methods such as gray-level co-occurrence matrix features,Gabor features,fractal features,discrete wavelet transforms,and combinations of features.Each underlying facial bone exhibits unique characteristics essential to the face’s physical structure that could be exploited for identification.Therefore,we developed an automatic recognition method to classify human skulls for consistent identification compared with traditional classification approaches.Using our proposed approach,we were able to achieve an accuracy of 92.3–99.5%in the classification of human skulls with mandibles and an accuracy of 91.4–99.9%in the classification of human skills without mandibles.Our study represents a step forward in the construction of an effective automatic human skull identification system with a classification process that achieves satisfactory performance for a limited dataset of skull images.

Birthing Systems, Bio-medicine and Gender-Based PowerRelationships: Patrilinearity and Childbirth in Amed(Est Bali, Indonesia)

This article offers an anthropological overview about birth processes in a small village in Bali.I would like to investigate how the naturalization of this event is often used to justify control over the physical and social body of women,their descendants and social group.Central focus of the analysis will be the consideration of how women’s position within society is determined by a complex system of rules,values,and medical practices deeply conditioning childbirth sphere that legitimates hierarchical divisions and gender inequality.

Hominin Evolution Was Caused by Introgression from Gorilla

The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3 - 3.5 million-year-old fossil sites in Afar, together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees, and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) on chromosome 5 that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and shown to have diverged at the time of the Pan-Homo split rather than the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split, provides conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the Pan-Homo split, and the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage.

Qualitative Research and Narrative Sources in the Context of Critical and Renal Cares

The objective of this study is to clarify the relevance of qualitative research in the context of critical care and renal dialysis requires using narrative sources. Also specific objectives are to identify the phases or cultural moments that are distinguished in these processes. Research Question: How can the narrative materials contribute to the study of the processes of critical care and/or qualitative research in nephrology? Method and Sources: There have been studies focusing on the narrative of patients who have written their experiences building a literature experience ill (Siles et al., 1997, 1999, 2000). Sources have been used to extract testimony retrospective autobiographies written by people who have experienced the experiences of different diseases (Allué, 1996, 1997, Zorn, 1991, Gilbert, 1993;Comas, 2009;Gracia Armendáriz, 2010;Sampedro, 1996, Sacks, 2010). The analysis was developed by categorizing units of meaning, meaning families and networks. To identify the cultural moments we have followed the criteria established by Siles and Solano (2009): Multiculturalism, interculturalism and transculturalism. To identify rites of passage and liminality states have followed the principles outlined by Van Gennep (2013) and Turner (1990, 2008). Results: We identified cultural moments and characteristic states of liminality in critical care and kidney. Conclusions: narrative sources are effective for analyzing the meanings and experiences of patients in critical care and nephrology tool.

Jean Baudrillard＇s Encounter With Anthropology： Toward A Radical Understanding of Marxism and Terrorism

Jean Baudrillard （1929-2007）, a leading contemporary theorist from the 1970s to the present, was deeply influenced by anthropological thought. As an outcome of his prolonged encounter with anthropology he was able to devise a unique approach to the world. This approach enabled him to play a leading role in surpassing Marxist thought and in explaining contemporary terrorist attacks such as those of September 11, 2001 in the United States. Baudrillard, who is often correctly seen as making a contribution to contemporary anthropology, is also someone who is deeply indebted to anthropology. This aspect of Baudrillard is less well understood.

Is Seeing Believing？A Critical Analysis of Japanese Colonial Photographs of Korea

In order to assess Roland Barthes＇ argument that interpretation of photography depends on cultural codes embeddedtherein, a collection of photos from the Japanese Government-General of Ch6sen （GGC）, which controlled Korea1910-1945, were examined. These colonial images and associated text, commonly in English, were aimed primarilyat the West, with which the Japanese sought alignment. Of the three common categories of GGC photos, ＂scientific＂or ＂anthropological＂ images corresponded with portrayals by Western colonial powers of the supposed inferiornature of subjugated peoples and cultures. Individuals in such pictures tend to lose their identities and are reducedto a stereotype, less human than the observer. ＂Before and after＂ photos depicted alleged GGC progress in suchareas as education and infrastructure. Pictures of ＂happy colonial subjects＂ conveyed an impression of Koreansenjoying the benevolence of the new administration. While this photojournalism favorably impressed someWesterners, others employed images of the 1919 Korean uprising, and its suppression, to discredit the Japanese.The overall assessment demonstrates the polemical manipulation of photography.