The combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen,carcinogenic antigen 125,and carcinogenic antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.

Exosome-Transmitted miR-224-5p Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation via Targeting ULK2 in p53-Dependent Manner

Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-224-5p in colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods The miR-224-5p expression in CRC patient tissues and cell-derived exosomes was measured by laser capture microdissection and qRT-PCR,respectively.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the target gene of miR-224-5p.The protein expressions of p53 and unc-51 like kinase 2(ULK2)in CRC cells were detected by western blot.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and EdU assay.Results The miR-224-5p expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and increased progressively with the rise of CRC stage.CRC cells secreted extracellular miR-224-5p mainly in an exosome-dependent manner,and then miR-224-5p could be transferred to surrounding tumor cells to regulate cell proliferation in the form of autocrine or paracrine.Moreover,ULK2 was characterized as a direct target of miR-224-5p and was downregulated in CRC tissues.Interestingly,ULK2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner.Furthermore,exosome-derived miR-224-5p partially reversed the proliferation regulation of ULK2 on CRC cells.Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that exosome-transmitted miR-224-5p promotes p53-dependent cell proliferation by targeting ULK2 in CRC,which may offer promising targets for CRC prevention and therapy.

Immune-related long noncoding RNA zinc finger protein 710-AS1-201 promotes the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system.ZNF710 is a transcription factor(TF),and zinc finger protein 710(ZNF710)-AS1-201 is an immune-related long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)that is upregulated in GC cells.AIM To assess the correlation between ZNF710-AS1-201 and immune microenvir-onment features and to investigate the roles of ZNF710-AS1-201 in the invasion and metastasis processes of GC cells.METHODS We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Wujin Hospital.We assessed cell growth,migration,invasion,and programmed cell death using cell counting kit-8,EdU,scratch,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to identify the potential downstream targets of ZNF710-AS1-201.RESULTS In GC tissues with low ZNF710-AS1-201 expression,immunoassays detected significant infiltration of various antitumor immune cells,such as memory CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T cells.In the low-expression group,the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)s)of 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin,gemcitabine,and trametinib were lower,whereas the IC_(50)s of dasatinib and vorinostat were higher.The malignant degree of GC was higher and the stage was later in the high-expression group.Additionally,patients with high expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 had lower overall survival and disease-free survival rates.In vitro,the overexpression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly enhanced growth,metastasis,and infiltration while suppressing cell death in HGC-27 cells.In contrast,the reduced expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly hindered cell growth,enhanced apoptosis,and suppressed the metastasis and invasion of MKN-45 cells.The expression changes in ZNF710 were significant,but the corresponding changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase-2,Semaphorin 4B,ARHGAP10,RGMB,hsa-miR-93-5p,and ZNF710-AS1-202 were not consistent or statistically significant after overexpression or knockdown of ZNF710-AS1-201,as determined by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION Immune-related lncRNA ZNF710-AS1-201 facilitates the metastasis and invasion of GC cells.It appears that ZNF710-AS1-201 and ZNF710 have potential as effective targets for therapeutic intervention in GC.Nevertheless,it is still necessary to determine the specific targets of the ZNF710 TF.

Novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis mediates the Warburg effect and proliferation of colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway.METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b.The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated.Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays,and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays.The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay.The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays.RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC,including stage I,II-III,and IV.Furthermore,the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification.HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells.However,the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b,effectively blocking the Warburg effect.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.

MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.

Contribution of Anti-p63 Antibodies in the Interpretation of Benign Label Prostatic Biopsies

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. The diagnosis is most often based on the prostate biopsies’ analysis and on histological criteria recognizable on standard coloring. In some cases, the use of immunohistochemistry is important. Objectives: This paper aims to specify the p63 phenotypic profile of lesions diagnosed benign, with minimal suspect foci, difficult to interpret, HGPIN (high grade intraepithelial neoplasia) and LGPIN (low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and evaluate the manual technique of p63 immunohistochemistry. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of prostate biopsies recorded in the PAC service of the HALD from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. It was completed by a manual immunohistochemical study of the blocks enrolled from November 19th to December 4th, 2020 in the PAC department of the HPD. The studied parameters were: registry number, age, clinical stage, prostate volume, PSA level, microscopic appearance and p63 immunohistochemical profile. Results: Our study included 60 prostate biopsies. The ages of our patients varied from 45 to 77 years, with an average of 64.2 years and a standard deviation of 6.2. The majority of patients were at clinical stage cT2b (33%) with a prostate volume varying between 33.15 and 169.4 cc. The minimum value of PSA in our series is 5 ng/ml, the maximum being 100 ng/ml with an average level of 24.1 ng/ml and a standard deviation of 21.2. Our series included 50 adenomyomatous hyperplasias, 7 adenomyomatous hyperplasias associated with chronic prostatitis, 2 HGPIN and 1 LGPIN. After re-reading we found 5 discordant cases, which corresponded to minimal suspect foci (kappa = 0.5098). The p63 marking was informative in 53 cases, i.e. 88%, and non-informative in 7 cases, i.e. 12%. Among the uninformative markings, 2 were due to lack of tissue adhesion to the slides. Among the informative markings, 11 were negative. p63 immunohistochemistry was useful in all suspected foci and detected 6 other minimal foci of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The immunostaining with the anti-p63 antibody in the prostate cancer diagnosis is of considerable benefit. It made it possible to correct 11.3% of benign diagnosis in minimal malignant focus in our context. Despite the difficulties associated with the manual technique, it is possible to have an informative rate, similar to the automatic technique.

Research Progress of Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in First-Line Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is a low-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with rapid growth, early metastasis and sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is highly recurrence rate. And there is lacking effective treatment now. As an active research direction at present, anti-angiogenic drugs are not only widely used in non-small cell lung cancer and other tumors, but also have certain effects in small cell lung cancer combined with chemotherapy. As one of the effective treatment methods for small cell lung cancer, related research is not rare, but there is still inadequacy, such as side effects can not be tolerated, and the timing of treatment can not be accurately assessed. This article will briefly describe the research progress of anti-angiogenic drugs combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer.

Antitumor activity of miR-188-3p in gastric cancer is achieved by targeting CBL expression and inactivating the AKT/mTOR signaling

BACKGROUND Altered miR-188-3p expression has been observed in various human cancers.AIM To investigate the miR-188-3p expression,its roles,and underlying molecular events in gastric cancer.METHODS Fifty gastric cancer and paired normal tissues were collected to analyze miR-188-3p and CBL expression.Normal and gastric cancer cells were used to manipulate miR-188-3p and CBL expression through different assays.The relationship between miR-188-3p and CBL was predicted bioinformatically and confirmed using a luciferase gene reporter assay.A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to associate miR-188-3p or CBL expression with patient survival.A nude mouse tumor cell xenograft assay was used to confirm the in vitro data.RESULTS MiR-188-3p was found to be lower in the plasma of gastric cancer patients,tissues,and cell lines compared to their healthy counterparts.It was associated with overall survival of gastric cancer patients(P<0.001),tumor differentiation(P<0.001),lymph node metastasis(P=0.033),tumor node metastasis stage(I/II vs III/IV,P=0.024),and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage(I/II vs III/IV,P=0.03).Transfection with miR-188-3p mimics reduced tumor cell growth and invasion while inducing apoptosis and autophagy.CBL was identified as a direct target of miR-188-3p,with its expression antagonizing the effects of miR-188-3p on gastric cancer(GC)cell proliferation by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.The in vivo data confirmed antitumor activity via CBL downregulation in gastric cancer.CONCLUSION The current data provides ex vivo,in vitro,and in vivo evidence that miR-188-3p acts as a tumor suppressor gene or possesses antitumor activity in GC.

新型查尔酮衍生物抗乳腺癌活性的3D-QSAR模型构建及分子设计

为了获得较高抗乳腺癌活性的新型化合物,对18个新型查尔酮衍生物抗乳腺癌活性(pIC_(50))进行了三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)研究。其中14个化合物作为训练集用于构建3D-QSAR模型,其余化合物(含模板分子)作为测试集对所建模型进行验证。所建3D-QSAR模型的交叉验证系数R^(2)_(CV)为0.569,非交叉验证系数R^(2)为0.974,说明所建模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力。该模型中立体场、静电场对pIC_(50)的贡献分别为58.8%和41.2%,表明影响该类化合物抗肿瘤活性的主要因素是取代基的疏水性、空间位阻和电荷分布。通过对模型的分析,设计了5个具有较高pIC_(50)的新化合物,有待通过后续医学实验加以验证。

基于高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱技术和分子对接技术分析筛选大叶藜抗卵巢癌活性成分

本研究采用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱技术(High performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)及分子对接技术筛选大叶藜中抗卵巢癌活性成分。获得大叶藜(Chenopodium hybridum L.)醇提物和大孔树脂精制物对卵巢癌OVCAR-3细胞抑制的影响,确定大叶藜抗卵巢癌活性部位,并采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析活性部位的化学成分。选择5个重要的卵巢癌相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9、BAX和EGFR,分别与大孔树脂精制物中的化学成分进行分子对接。发现大叶藜醇提物与大孔树脂精制物对OVCAR-3细胞增殖的抑制率随浓度增加而升高,其中大孔树脂精制物具有较强的抗卵巢癌活性;HPLC-Q-TOF-MS鉴定出大孔树脂精制物中13个化学成分,包括槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷、山柰酚等12个黄酮类成分和1个酚酸类成分绿原酸;分子对接结果说明,13个成分与5个靶点之间具有较高亲和力,其中槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷与山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-7-O-β-D-木糖苷与各靶点间结合较好。研究证明,大叶藜抗卵巢癌活性部位为大孔树脂精制物,其活性成分主要为黄酮,具有较好的抗卵巢癌作用。

白细胞介素-38对乳腺癌患者CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素-38(IL-38)在乳腺癌患者中的表达及其对CD8^(+)T细胞功能的调控作用。方法纳入2020年7月—2022年9月在新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊的44例乳腺癌患者、25例乳腺良性肿瘤患者和20例对照者。分离所有受试者的血浆和外周血单个核细胞,分离乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞,纯化CD8^(+)T细胞。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆IL-38蛋白水平,应用实时定量PCR检测组织IL-38 mRNA相对表达量。使用重组人IL-38刺激乳腺癌患者外周血和肿瘤组织分离的CD8^(+)T细胞,建立CD8^(+)T细胞与乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的共培养系统,通过测定乳酸脱氢酶水平计算靶细胞死亡比例,ELISA法检测培养上清中穿孔素、颗粒酶B、干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,流式细胞术检测CD8^(+)T细胞的免疫检查点分子表达。结果乳腺癌患者血浆IL-38水平(74.23±19.88 pg/mL)高于乳腺良性肿瘤患者(62.87±16.27 pg/mL,P=0.018)和对照者(61.77±12.75 pg/mL,P=0.013)。乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中IL-38 mRNA相对表达量显著高于癌旁组织(1.57±0.22 vs.1.00±0.18,P<0.001)。外周血和肿瘤浸润CD8^(+)T细胞诱导靶细胞死亡比例、穿孔素和颗粒酶B分泌在直接接触共培养组中的水平高于间接接触共培养组(P<0.05),但干扰素-γ和TNF-α分泌水平在直接接触共培养组和间接接触共培养组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在直接接触共培养组内,靶细胞死亡比例、穿孔素、颗粒酶B、干扰素-γ、TNF-α在IL-38刺激组中的水平低于无刺激组(P<0.05)。在间接接触共培养组内,靶细胞死亡比例、干扰素-γ、TNF-α在IL-38刺激组中的水平亦低于无刺激组(P<0.05),但穿孔素和颗粒酶B水平在间接接触共培养组内的IL-38刺激组和无刺激组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD8^(+)T细胞中免疫检查点分子表达水平在无刺激组和IL-38刺激组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者中高表达的IL-38可能参与诱导CD8^(+)T细胞功能衰竭。

基于CoMFA方法对氟喹啉-4-酮衍生物的分子建模与设计

基于比较分子力场分析法(CoMFA),建立了16个已知活性的氟喹啉-4-酮衍生物抗肝癌活性(K_(S))的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)模型,并研究该类结构与生物活性之间的关系.CoMFA模型的交叉验证系数(Q^(2))为0.338,拟合验证系数(R^(2))是0.987.此3D-QSAR模型的预测值与实验值基本一致,表明该模型具有显著的统计学可靠性和预测能力.该模型中立体场、静电场贡献率依次为41.9%、58.1%.根据3D-QSAR模型分析结果进行分子设计并完成活性预测,预测结果印证了分析的合理性,为该系列化合物的结构优化提供了合理建议.

丹参总酚酸联合anti-PD-L1调控髓源性巨噬细胞浸润抑制乳腺癌发生发展

目的探究丹参总酚酸(total salvianolic acid,TSA)联合anti-PD-L1通过调控髓源性巨噬细胞瘤内浸润抑制乳腺癌的发生发展。方法构建E0771乳腺癌皮下肿瘤模型。25只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、TSA组(TSA 10 g·kg^(-1)),anti-PD-L1组(anti-PD-L110 mg·kg^(-1)),TSA联合anti-PD-L1组(TSA 10 g·kg^(-1)+anti-PD-L110 mg·kg^(-1))。TSA组每日灌胃给药,anti-PD-L1每3天1次腹腔注射,连续给药14 d。记录小鼠肿瘤体积变化及肿瘤、肝脏及脾脏重量。ELISA检测小鼠血浆中IL-6,MCP-1的含量,qPCR检测cxcl1,cxcl2,cxcl3,ccl2,gm-csf mRNA的表达,流式、免疫组化检测小鼠肿瘤、淋巴中髓源性巨噬细胞浸润情况,流式检测淋巴、脾脏CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞数量变化。结果与模型组相比,TSA,anti-PD-L1,TSA联合anti-PD-L1均可抑制E0771乳腺癌生长,减少IL-6、MCP-1分泌,降低cxcl1,cxcl2,cxcl3,ccl2,gm-csf mRNA表达,抑制髓源性巨噬细胞向肿瘤的募集,增加淋巴及脾脏内CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞数量,TSA联合anti-PD-L1治疗效果更佳显著。结论TSA联合anti-PD-L1显著抑制E0771乳腺癌皮下瘤发生发展进程,可能通过抑制髓源性巨噬细胞向肿瘤浸润,增强机体免疫效应发挥作用。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗血管内皮生长因子药物免疫治疗晚期肝癌的研究进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球高发的恶性肿瘤。程序性死亡蛋白-1(programmed death protein-1,PD-1)/程序性死亡蛋白配体-1(programmed death protein ligand-1,PD-L1)抑制剂可通过阻断T细胞负调节信号,抑制肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸途径,重新激活抗肿瘤免疫应答过程,成为晚期HCC治疗的新手段。然而,长期临床结果显示,采用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药治疗晚期HCC的病人仍存在较高的复发率和转移率。免疫联合疗法是目前针对晚期HCC患者的新的治疗策略,其中PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物在晚期HCC治疗中显示出了良好的疗效和安全性。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗VEGF药物可通过参与癌症免疫循环途径抑制肝癌细胞的生长。该文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗VEGF药物在晚期HCC治疗中的临床研究作一综述。

重组鼠过氧化物还原酶-5体内抗胰腺癌作用研究

目的:探讨鼠源重组过氧化物还原酶-5(mPRDX5)在小鼠体内是否具有抗肿瘤活性,从而进一步确证PRDX5的抗肿瘤活性和作用机制。方法:通过体外异源表达和纯化获得高纯度的mPRDX5。小鼠左侧腋背部皮下接种胰腺癌Pan02细胞建立荷瘤小鼠模型。小鼠随机分为PBS(溶剂对照)组、GEM(吉西他滨)50.0 mg/kg组和mPRDX510.0 mg/kg组,每组10只,检测小鼠肿瘤相关指标。结果:与PBS组比较,GEM组荷瘤小鼠体质量降低明显,mPRDX5组小鼠体质量有一定程度的增加。PBS组肿瘤生长良好,根据肿瘤体积计算,与PBS组相比,GEM组、mPRDX510.0 mg/kg组在D7肿瘤生长抑制率分别为87.07%和52.82%;按瘤重计算,与PBS组相比,GEM组、mPRDX510.0 mg/kg组在D7肿瘤生长抑制率分别为95.39%和48.33%。对PBS组和mPRDX5组小鼠肿瘤组织中的巨噬细胞极化状态进行分析,发现相较于PBS组,mPRDX5组小鼠肿瘤组织中表达CD86的M1型巨噬细胞显著增加,而表达CD206的M2型巨噬细胞显著减少。结论:mPRDX5在小鼠体内具有显著的抗胰腺癌活性,且活性的发挥是通过促进肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞向M1型极化实现。

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells through regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is important to find effective drug treatment targets.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells.METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to determine the effect of 18β-GRA on the survival rate of GES-1 cells and AGS and HGC-27 cells.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,cell migration was detected by a wound healing assay,the effect of 18β-GRA on subcutaneous tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice was investigated,and the cell autophagy level was determined by MDC staining.TMT proteomic analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed autophagy-related proteins in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention,and then the protein-protein interaction was predicted using STRING(https://string-db.org/).MicroRNAs(miRNAs)transcriptome analysis was used to detect the miRNA differential expression profile,and use miRBase(https://www.mirbase/)and TargetScan(https://www.targetscan.org/)to predict the miRNA and complementary binding sites.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miRNA in 18β-GRA treated cells,and western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related proteins.Finally,the effect of miR-345-5p on GC cells was verified by mir-345-5p overexpression.RESULTS 18β-GRA could inhibit GC cells viability,promote cell apoptosis,block cell cycle,reduce cell wound healing ability,and inhibit the GC cells growth in vivo.MDC staining results showed that 18β-GRA could promote autophagy in GC cells.By TMT proteomic analysis and miRNAs transcriptome analysis,it was concluded that 18β-GRA could down-regulate TGM2 expression and up-regulate miR-345-5p expression in GC cells.Subsequently,we verified that TGM2 is the target of miR-345-5p,and that overexpression of miR-345-5p significantly inhibited the protein expression level of TGM2.Western blot showed that the expression of autophagy-related proteins of TGM2 and p62 was significantly reduced,and LC3II,ULK1 and AMPK expression was significantly increased in GC cells treated with 18β-GRA.Overexpression of miR-345-5p not only inhibited the expression of TGM2,but also inhibited the proliferation of GC cells by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting cell cycle.CONCLUSION 18β-GRA inhibits the proliferation of GC cells and promotes autophagy by regulating the miR-345-5p/TGM2 signaling pathway.

microRNA-627-5p inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation,migration and invasion by targeting Wnt2

BACKGROUND microRNA-627-5p(miR-627-5p)dysregulation has been observed in several cancer types,such as hepatocellular carcinoma,oral squamous cell carcinoma,glioblastoma multiforme,and gastric cancer.The biological function of miR-627-5p in colorectal cancer(CRC)growth and metastasis is yet unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of miR-627-5p on the malignant biological properties of colorectal malignant tumour cells by targeting Wnt2.METHODS The levels of miR-627-5p in colorectal tumour tissues were assessed in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets.In order to identify Wnt2 transcript expression in CRC tissues,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis was used.Luciferase reporter tests were used to explore whether miR-627-5p might potentially target Wnt2.Wnt2 transcript and protein levels were detected in CRC cells with high miR-627-5p expression.To learn more about how miR-627-5p affects CRC development,migration,apoptosis,and invasion,functional experiments were conducted.Cotransfection with the overexpression vector of Wnt2 and miR-627-5p mimics was utilized to verify whether overexpression of Wnt2 could cancel the impact of miR-627-5p in CRC.Western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to investigate the effects of miR-627-5p on the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.RESULTS miR-627-5p was notably decreased in colorectal tumour tissues,while the gene level of Wnt2 was notably upregulated.A dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-627-5p specifically targets the 3’-untranslated regions of Wnt2 and miR-627-5p upregulation markedly reduced the protein and gene expression of Wnt2 in CRC cells.In vitro gain-of-function assays displayed that miR-627-5p overexpression decreased CRC cells’capabilities to invade,move,and remain viable while increasing apoptosis.Wnt2 overexpression could reverse the suppressive functions of miR-627-5p.Moreover,upregulation of miR-627-5p suppressed the transcript and protein levels of the downstream target factors in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling,such as c-myc,CD44,β-catenin,and cyclinD1.CONCLUSION miR-627-5p acts as a critical inhibitory factor in CRC,possibly by directly targeting Wnt2 and negatively modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling,revealing that miR-627-5p could be a possible treatment target for CRC.

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS和网络药理学探究尖尾芋抗乳腺癌作用机制

本研究通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术、网络药理学策略探究尖尾芋石油醚部位抗乳腺癌药效物质基础及作用机制,并通过4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠模型验证尖尾芋石油醚部位(petroleum ether fraction of Alocasia cucullata,EAC)体内抗乳腺癌作用及机制。基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS数据获取EAC化学成分41个,包括11种芳香类成分、8种萜类成分、5种生物碱类成分、4种脂肪酸类成分、2种香豆素类成分和11种其他类成分;基于鉴定出的化合物通过网络药理学得到556个潜在作用靶点;蛋白互作网络(PPI)分析发现MAPK1、Bcl-2等10个核心靶点,富集分析发现核心靶点可能通过MAPK、PI3K-Akt等细胞凋亡相关信号通路发挥抗乳腺癌作用,并通过分子对接技术验证了毛地黄毒苷配基等活性成分与细胞凋亡相关蛋白pERK、Bcl-2、Bax具有良好的结合能力。抗乳腺癌活性研究结果表明与模型对照组比较,EAC低、中、高剂量组肿瘤生长趋势渐缓,肿瘤质量减少,抑瘤率逐渐增加;EAC中、高剂量组脾脏指数有显著性差异,EAC低剂量组脾脏指数效果不显著(P<0.05);HE染色观察到给药组肿瘤组织中细胞排列疏松,轮廓不清晰。ELISA法检测小鼠血清,发现EAC高、中剂量组、5-氟尿嘧啶阳性对照组的IL-1β、TNF-α含量均降低。动物验证实验结果表明不同浓度EAC均能下调MAPKs信号通路中p-ERK蛋白的表达(P<0.01),而对ERK、JNK、p-38、p-JNK、p-p38蛋白水平无显著性差异;EAC能显著升高小鼠乳腺癌组织中Bax/Bcl-2蛋白水平和基因表达水平。综上,尖尾芋石油醚部位能下调p-ERK蛋白水平,促进癌细胞凋亡从而抑制4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长。

Potential Anti-cancer Activity of Furanodiene

Objective： To study the isolated from the essential oil VIVO anti-tumor activities of furanodiene of the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin （C15H200）, a primary sesquiterpene compound YH Chen et C. Ling（Wen Ezhu）, in vitro and in Methods： In vitro MTT assay was used to further study the effects of time and dosage on anti-proliferation of furanodiene against the sensitive Hela, Hep-2, HL-60, U251 cells, based on the cytotoxic effects of furanodiene on 12 human malignant tumor cell lines with the essential oil of Wen Ezhn as control., and the half-inhibitory concentration （IC50） was observed. In vivo uterine cervix （U14） tumor cell was selected and the conventional assay method of anti-tumor activity was employed. Furanodiene liposome was administered intraperitoneally, and tumor-inhibitory rate, thymus and spleen indexes were observed. Results： The inhibitive effects on cell proliferation were shown in all of the twelve cell lines and the cytotoxic effects of furanodiene against Hela, Hep-2, HL-60, U251 cells were observed after 12 h of administration, the effect could last for at least 48 h in a dose dependent manner, and the IC50 values were 0.6, 1.7, 1.8, 7.0μg/ml, respectively. Furanodiene was also found to show inhibitive effects on the proliferation of uterine cervix （U14） tumor induced in mice. The tumor inhibition rates were 36.09% （40 mg/kg）, 41.55% （60 mg/kg）, 58.29% （80 mg/kg）, respectively. Conclusion： Furanodiene is one of primary anti-cancer active components in the essential oil of Wen Ezhu, and also a very effective agent against uterine cervix cancer, and has protection effect on the immune function.

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在转移性结直肠癌中的应用研究进展

结直肠癌是目前全球常见恶性肿瘤之一,近年来其发病率和死亡率逐年上升。由于早期结直肠癌具有症状隐匿的特点,多数患者初诊时已发展为中晚期。对于IV期的转移性结直肠癌(mCRC),手术辅以放化疗治疗mCRC患者的5年生存率较低。随着近年来免疫学的发展,程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)/程序性死亡受体-配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂已在多种恶性肿瘤的治疗中取得突破性进展,能提高部分mCRC患者尤其是错配修复缺陷/微卫星高度不稳定型患者的疗效,并获得指南的推荐;但对于临床上占比达90%以上的错配修复完整/微卫星稳定型mCRC患者,应用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗效果差,但也有不同临床研究报道了部分该类型的mCRC能获得一定的受益。该文围绕PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的抗肿瘤机制以及不同类型mCRC患者的PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂临床应用进展和研究现状作一综述,探究PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合治疗的可行性,以期为错配修复完整/微卫星稳定型患者获益和优化PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在mCRC治疗中的用药方案提供参考。