The aim of this study was to identify the decision-making process of anti-cancer treatment in elderly patients with advanced lung cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients aged 70 and above to...The aim of this study was to identify the decision-making process of anti-cancer treatment in elderly patients with advanced lung cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients aged 70 and above to collect data on their feelings and thoughts from the time of diagnosis till they made treatment decisions. The data was analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach that was modified by Prof. Yasuhito Kinoshita. We found the process to be composed of six categories. The results showed that elderly patients with advanced lung cancer were panicked over unavoidable death when informed of stage IV lung cancer and offered suggestions about anti-cancer treatment. However, trying to accept the situation where death is imminent, patients reconsidered having cancer in older age and recognized a desire to survive even in older age. This process diverged into two paths: one group of patients changed their ideas from radical to life-prolonging treatment by recognizing a desire to survive even in older age and then made anti-cancer treatment decisions by carefully choosing treatment that would allow to carry on their usual way of life;the other group of patients made treatment decisions by carefully choosing physicians to whom they could entrust their life in older age. These findings suggest that it is important for nurses to: 1) encourage patients to talk in order to have them think about what they have valued and want to value in the rest of their life;2) assess if patients prefer to decide on their own by carefully choosing treatment or entrust treatment decisions to physicians;and 3) offer support according to patients’ preferences.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of Yiqi Jianpi plus anticancer herbs on spleen deficiency in colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor role.Methods:Human intestinal cancer cell HT29 xenograft of nude mice model was establi...Objective:To observe the effect of Yiqi Jianpi plus anticancer herbs on spleen deficiency in colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor role.Methods:Human intestinal cancer cell HT29 xenograft of nude mice model was established.The expression of ECF,VEGF,gastric cancer tumor growth in mice were observed.Results:Protein kinase C expression in in the Yiqi Jianpi group and Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group was significantly better than the model group(P<0.01,P<0.05).There was significantly more apoptotic cells in Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.01).Epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in Yiqi Jianpi group was significantly lower than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Tumor can inhibit the expression of PKC inhibition.Yiqi Jianpi and anticancer treatment can reduce this inhibition.Besides this treatment can also inhibit expression of tumor related genes such as epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.展开更多
Colorectal cancer remains the third most common malignancy worldwide. According to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), colorectal cancer is related to spleen-deficiency, damp-heat, and toxicity accum...Colorectal cancer remains the third most common malignancy worldwide. According to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), colorectal cancer is related to spleen-deficiency, damp-heat, and toxicity accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to effectively reduce toxic side effects and enhance curative effects of chemotherapy, palliate clinical syndrome, prevent recurrence and metastasis, improve quality of life and immune function, and prolong survival time in colorectal cancer. However, TCM theoretical and syndrome differentiation study has lagged far behind due to progression of therapy model in colorectal cancer. As a type of drug treatment, there are some common biological basis between chemotherapy, targeted therapy and anti-cancer herb therapy in colorectal cancer, such as apoptosis, cell senescence and autophagy. There are growing needs to explore the effect mechanism and compatibility of anti-cancer herbs, to further enhance the efficacy of TCM treatment in colorectal cancer.展开更多
K-ras wild-type carcinoma is a tumour that is sensitive to treatment with anti-cancer and anti-EGFR drugs: the combination of Cetuximab and Panitumumab with chemotherapy (Cetuximab) or as a single therapy (Panitumumab...K-ras wild-type carcinoma is a tumour that is sensitive to treatment with anti-cancer and anti-EGFR drugs: the combination of Cetuximab and Panitumumab with chemotherapy (Cetuximab) or as a single therapy (Panitumumab). Case Report: The clinical case presented here refers to a 68-year-old patient who had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the recto sigmoid with pelvic recurrence three years after surgery. The patient had a severe co-morbidity: correlated B-type liver cirrhosis. First-line chemotherapy was begun with Oxaliplatin plus Capecitabine (CAPOXI) following a relapse, and this continued for six months (six cycles), when the treatment was interrupted because of the disease’s progression and hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity. Following an assessment of the K-ras, diagnosed as wild type, the patient was excluded from second-line chemotherapy treatment because of decompensated cirrhosis and the persistence of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The patient was put forward for biological treatment with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (Panitumumab). Panitumumab was administered at a dosage of 6 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 17 months;the treatment was well tolerated, despite the cirrhosis, and the main toxicity was the skin rash. Conclusion: In patients with severe comorbidities such as cirrhosis of the liver and K-ras wild-type carcinomas, therapy with a monoclonal antibody such as Panitumumab is a treatment that is well tolerated, with few serious toxic side-effects;it also offers advantages in terms of survival and clinical benefits.展开更多
After that the era of chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors have been overcome by the "translational era", with the innovation introduced by targeted therapies, medical oncology is currently looking ...After that the era of chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors have been overcome by the "translational era", with the innovation introduced by targeted therapies, medical oncology is currently looking at the dawn of a new "immunotherapy era" with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors(CKI) antibodies.The onset of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy has demonstrated the importance of this axis in the immune escape across almost all human cancers.The new CKI allowed to significantly prolong survival and to generate durable response, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in a wide range of cancer types.The aim of this article is to review the most up to date literature about the clinical effectiveness of CKI antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and to explore transversal challenges in the immune checkpoint blockade.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population is getting adequate screening for colon cancer in the highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) era with improved longevity, and the prevalence of...AIM:To evaluate if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population is getting adequate screening for colon cancer in the highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) era with improved longevity, and the prevalence of polyps and adenomas in this population, when compared with the general population. METHODS:We conducted retrospective chart review of average-risk HIV population for colon cancer attending our infectious disease clinic. Individuals who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy were excluded. We extracted various demographic, HIV disease-specific and colonoscopy data including histo-pathological reports in the last 10 years. Total population was divided into a study group, who underwent screening colonoscopy and a control group who did not. We analyzed data using standard statistical methods and software. RESULTS:We found that 25% of average-risk HIVinfected population was screened for colon cancer using colonoscopy. There was no difference in gender and ethnic distribution between the groups. We foundwider distribution of age (50-84 years with mean 56 years) in the control group when compared to (50-73 years with mean 58 years) the study group. However, there were 89% of subjects with well-controlled HIV disease measured by HIV RNA copies of < 75 in the study group when compared with 70% in the control group (P < 0.0001). We noticed polyp detection rate of 55% and adenoma detection rate of 32% in HIV population. CONCLUSION:It is unclear whether HIV or HAART medications play a role in increased prevalence of adenomas. We suggest that when estimating the risk for colonic neoplasms, HIV population should be considered as a high-risk group and screened accordingly.展开更多
奥沙利铂是多种恶性肿瘤治疗的基石药物。超敏反应是奥沙利铂令人困扰的不良反应之一,可能危及患者生命,常迫使医师停用奥沙利铂,转寻其他替代方案,而这些替代方案可能效果更差、耐受性更低和(或)价格更昂贵。奥沙利铂超敏反应主要表现...奥沙利铂是多种恶性肿瘤治疗的基石药物。超敏反应是奥沙利铂令人困扰的不良反应之一,可能危及患者生命,常迫使医师停用奥沙利铂,转寻其他替代方案,而这些替代方案可能效果更差、耐受性更低和(或)价格更昂贵。奥沙利铂超敏反应主要表现为经典的Ⅰ型过敏反应,另外还包含细胞因子释放反应及混合型。临床上最关注的是严重过敏反应的管理以及针对发生超敏反应后奥沙利铂再挑战的问题。因此,本专家组基于国内外循证医学证据,结合临床实践经验,对奥沙利铂超敏反应的定义、临床特征、诊断、分类与分级标准、处理以及再挑战进行充分的评估与讨论,最终形成《奥沙利铂超敏反应全程管理中国专家共识(2024年版)》,以便进一步规范对奥沙利铂超敏反应的全程管理。本共识已在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy,PREPARE)上注册,注册编号为PREPARE-2024CN371。展开更多
信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)蛋白是一组细胞质内蛋白,其家族共有7个成员。STAT蛋白可以激活多种基因、调节多种通路,在细胞周期进展、凋亡、肿瘤血管发生、肿瘤细胞浸润和转移及...信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)蛋白是一组细胞质内蛋白,其家族共有7个成员。STAT蛋白可以激活多种基因、调节多种通路,在细胞周期进展、凋亡、肿瘤血管发生、肿瘤细胞浸润和转移及肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的监视中发挥重要作用。结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率在消化系统肿瘤当中位居第三。本综述重点阐述STATs家族在结直肠癌中的作用,以期为结直肠癌的治疗提供新的思路。展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to identify the decision-making process of anti-cancer treatment in elderly patients with advanced lung cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients aged 70 and above to collect data on their feelings and thoughts from the time of diagnosis till they made treatment decisions. The data was analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach that was modified by Prof. Yasuhito Kinoshita. We found the process to be composed of six categories. The results showed that elderly patients with advanced lung cancer were panicked over unavoidable death when informed of stage IV lung cancer and offered suggestions about anti-cancer treatment. However, trying to accept the situation where death is imminent, patients reconsidered having cancer in older age and recognized a desire to survive even in older age. This process diverged into two paths: one group of patients changed their ideas from radical to life-prolonging treatment by recognizing a desire to survive even in older age and then made anti-cancer treatment decisions by carefully choosing treatment that would allow to carry on their usual way of life;the other group of patients made treatment decisions by carefully choosing physicians to whom they could entrust their life in older age. These findings suggest that it is important for nurses to: 1) encourage patients to talk in order to have them think about what they have valued and want to value in the rest of their life;2) assess if patients prefer to decide on their own by carefully choosing treatment or entrust treatment decisions to physicians;and 3) offer support according to patients’ preferences.
基金supported by Fund of Administration Bureau of TCM(2012727632)
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of Yiqi Jianpi plus anticancer herbs on spleen deficiency in colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor role.Methods:Human intestinal cancer cell HT29 xenograft of nude mice model was established.The expression of ECF,VEGF,gastric cancer tumor growth in mice were observed.Results:Protein kinase C expression in in the Yiqi Jianpi group and Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group was significantly better than the model group(P<0.01,P<0.05).There was significantly more apoptotic cells in Yiqi Jianpi anti-tumor group than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.01).Epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in Yiqi Jianpi group was significantly lower than Yiqi Jianpi group and model group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Tumor can inhibit the expression of PKC inhibition.Yiqi Jianpi and anticancer treatment can reduce this inhibition.Besides this treatment can also inhibit expression of tumor related genes such as epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.
文摘Colorectal cancer remains the third most common malignancy worldwide. According to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), colorectal cancer is related to spleen-deficiency, damp-heat, and toxicity accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to effectively reduce toxic side effects and enhance curative effects of chemotherapy, palliate clinical syndrome, prevent recurrence and metastasis, improve quality of life and immune function, and prolong survival time in colorectal cancer. However, TCM theoretical and syndrome differentiation study has lagged far behind due to progression of therapy model in colorectal cancer. As a type of drug treatment, there are some common biological basis between chemotherapy, targeted therapy and anti-cancer herb therapy in colorectal cancer, such as apoptosis, cell senescence and autophagy. There are growing needs to explore the effect mechanism and compatibility of anti-cancer herbs, to further enhance the efficacy of TCM treatment in colorectal cancer.
文摘K-ras wild-type carcinoma is a tumour that is sensitive to treatment with anti-cancer and anti-EGFR drugs: the combination of Cetuximab and Panitumumab with chemotherapy (Cetuximab) or as a single therapy (Panitumumab). Case Report: The clinical case presented here refers to a 68-year-old patient who had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the recto sigmoid with pelvic recurrence three years after surgery. The patient had a severe co-morbidity: correlated B-type liver cirrhosis. First-line chemotherapy was begun with Oxaliplatin plus Capecitabine (CAPOXI) following a relapse, and this continued for six months (six cycles), when the treatment was interrupted because of the disease’s progression and hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity. Following an assessment of the K-ras, diagnosed as wild type, the patient was excluded from second-line chemotherapy treatment because of decompensated cirrhosis and the persistence of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The patient was put forward for biological treatment with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (Panitumumab). Panitumumab was administered at a dosage of 6 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 17 months;the treatment was well tolerated, despite the cirrhosis, and the main toxicity was the skin rash. Conclusion: In patients with severe comorbidities such as cirrhosis of the liver and K-ras wild-type carcinomas, therapy with a monoclonal antibody such as Panitumumab is a treatment that is well tolerated, with few serious toxic side-effects;it also offers advantages in terms of survival and clinical benefits.
文摘After that the era of chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors have been overcome by the "translational era", with the innovation introduced by targeted therapies, medical oncology is currently looking at the dawn of a new "immunotherapy era" with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors(CKI) antibodies.The onset of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy has demonstrated the importance of this axis in the immune escape across almost all human cancers.The new CKI allowed to significantly prolong survival and to generate durable response, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in a wide range of cancer types.The aim of this article is to review the most up to date literature about the clinical effectiveness of CKI antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and to explore transversal challenges in the immune checkpoint blockade.
文摘AIM:To evaluate if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population is getting adequate screening for colon cancer in the highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) era with improved longevity, and the prevalence of polyps and adenomas in this population, when compared with the general population. METHODS:We conducted retrospective chart review of average-risk HIV population for colon cancer attending our infectious disease clinic. Individuals who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy were excluded. We extracted various demographic, HIV disease-specific and colonoscopy data including histo-pathological reports in the last 10 years. Total population was divided into a study group, who underwent screening colonoscopy and a control group who did not. We analyzed data using standard statistical methods and software. RESULTS:We found that 25% of average-risk HIVinfected population was screened for colon cancer using colonoscopy. There was no difference in gender and ethnic distribution between the groups. We foundwider distribution of age (50-84 years with mean 56 years) in the control group when compared to (50-73 years with mean 58 years) the study group. However, there were 89% of subjects with well-controlled HIV disease measured by HIV RNA copies of < 75 in the study group when compared with 70% in the control group (P < 0.0001). We noticed polyp detection rate of 55% and adenoma detection rate of 32% in HIV population. CONCLUSION:It is unclear whether HIV or HAART medications play a role in increased prevalence of adenomas. We suggest that when estimating the risk for colonic neoplasms, HIV population should be considered as a high-risk group and screened accordingly.
文摘奥沙利铂是多种恶性肿瘤治疗的基石药物。超敏反应是奥沙利铂令人困扰的不良反应之一,可能危及患者生命,常迫使医师停用奥沙利铂,转寻其他替代方案,而这些替代方案可能效果更差、耐受性更低和(或)价格更昂贵。奥沙利铂超敏反应主要表现为经典的Ⅰ型过敏反应,另外还包含细胞因子释放反应及混合型。临床上最关注的是严重过敏反应的管理以及针对发生超敏反应后奥沙利铂再挑战的问题。因此,本专家组基于国内外循证医学证据,结合临床实践经验,对奥沙利铂超敏反应的定义、临床特征、诊断、分类与分级标准、处理以及再挑战进行充分的评估与讨论,最终形成《奥沙利铂超敏反应全程管理中国专家共识(2024年版)》,以便进一步规范对奥沙利铂超敏反应的全程管理。本共识已在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy,PREPARE)上注册,注册编号为PREPARE-2024CN371。
文摘信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)蛋白是一组细胞质内蛋白,其家族共有7个成员。STAT蛋白可以激活多种基因、调节多种通路,在细胞周期进展、凋亡、肿瘤血管发生、肿瘤细胞浸润和转移及肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的监视中发挥重要作用。结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率在消化系统肿瘤当中位居第三。本综述重点阐述STATs家族在结直肠癌中的作用,以期为结直肠癌的治疗提供新的思路。
