A Study of the People’s Nature in Woodcuts During the Anti-Japanese War in Shanxi

The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.For example,in Shanxi,China,woodcut art activities and social practice promotion activities organized around the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are also everywhere,which all show the people’s nature of the Chinese people during the revolutionary struggle from the two aspects of the red culture of the Anti-Japanese War and traditional art and culture,and its humanistic connotation is quite profound.In this paper,we first introduce the historical origin of woodcut during the Anti-Japanese War,and then show the people’s value connotation of woodcut art activities in Shanxi.This paper mainly discusses the image narration,language and picture narration and construction significance of woodcuts in Shanxi’s War of Resistance,fully reveals the narrative nature of image media,strives to arouse people’s recognition of this period of Shanxi’s War of Resistance culture and history,and reflects the realistic value and significance of Shanxi’s War of Resistance Woodcuts art activities.

Research on the Deep Integration Mechanism of National Fitness Campaign and College Physical Education Teaching:Taking Guangdong University of Science and Technology as an Example

By using the methods of literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert interview,this paper discusses and analyzes the deep integration mechanism of national fitness campaign and college physical education teaching,in order to promote the development of college physical education teaching reform,expand ideas,explore new fields,and provide novel development directions.The purpose is to enhance the national physical quality,improve the public service system,enhance the health awareness of the citizens,and provide guidelines for promoting the development of sports.

Effects of Dropsonde Data in Field Campaigns on Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific in 2020 and the Role of CNOP Sensitivity

Valuable dropsonde data were obtained from multiple field campaigns targeting tropical cyclones,namely Higos,Nangka,Saudel,and Atsani,over the western North Pacific by the Hong Kong Observatory and Taiwan Central Weather Bureau in 2020.The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP)method has been utilized in real-time to identify the sensitive regions for targeting observations adhering to the procedure of real-time field campaigns for the first time.The observing system experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dropsonde data and CNOP sensitivity on TC forecasts in terms of track and intensity,using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.It is shown that the impact of assimilating all dropsonde data on both track and intensity forecasts is case-dependent.However,assimilation using only the dropsonde data inside the sensitive regions displays unanimously positive effects on both the track and intensity forecast,either of which obtains comparable benefits to or greatly reduces deterioration of the skill when assimilating all dropsonde data.Therefore,these results encourage us to further carry out targeting observations for the forecast of tropical cyclones according to CNOP sensitivity.

A Study on the Loss of Tourist Attractions in Central China Hubei Province During the Anti-Japanese War

This paper takes the Wudang Mountains and Wuhan Battle Memorial Hall as examples to investigate and analyze the losses of Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War.The paper concludes with two inspirations:to make full use of the intangible cultural heritage spots to carry out patriotism education for primary and middle school students;and to effectively transform the cultural resources of the tourist spots in Hubei Province into cultural industries,in order to achieve the sustainable development of intangible cultural resources of Hubei Province tourist attractions.

Research on the Winter Study Movement in Shanxi Anti-Japanese Base Area from the Perspective of Mass

Playing a major role on social education in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area,the winter study movement is a popular education movement implemented by the Communist Party of China,which takes into consideration the base area’s reality and makes full use of the leisure time in winter of rural area.With a wide coverage of education in culture,politics,daily life,anti-Japanese war as well as other aspects.The winter study movement provides efficient education to rural peasants,achieving great effects on mobilization on the masses of the people.This paper focuses on the original archives of the grassroots,conveying comprehensive analysis on the institutional arrangement,organizational mechanism and specific implementation of the winter study movement,thus to provide an overall understanding of the winter study movement in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area from the perspective of mass mobilization.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Under the Pagoda Mountain:Japanese POW Reformation During the Anti-Japanese War

As a typical Lenin-style political party,what should be concerned most is the CPC’s (Communist Party of China) capacity in fighting against and clearing enemies.This study provides a distinct perspective to observe and recognize CPC’s ability of turning hostility into friendship.Japanese prisoners of war (POW) had been poisoned by ultra-nationalism and militarism for years,and thus were extremely difficult to be reformed.However,under the correct ideological guidance of Mao and the unremitting efforts of the CPC’s political officers and cadres,a great number of them acknowledged the CPC’s political ideology and joined the CPC’s team.

Contributions of the Measles Follow-Up Vaccination Campaign to Improving the Vaccination Coverage of Children Aged 6 - 59 Months in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019

Background: In accordance with its measles elimination strategic plan 2012-2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) organized a follow-up vaccination campaign against measles from October to December 2019 in 26 provinces. This study aims to establish the contribution of this supplementary vaccination campaign to protecting children against measles. Methods: The survey was carried out in November 2020 among households of the DRC, according to the 2018 revised version of the World Health Organization’s stratified cluster sampling method, using multiple stage sampling. It targeted 280 children aged 6 - 59 months per stratum or province, with 10 children in each of the 28 selected clusters. Data collection using tablets with centralized and real-time data processing was preceded by enumeration to refine the household sampling frame. Clusters and households were selected by random draw. Data collected with CS Pro 7 software were analyzed with SPSS, Epi info 7 and Excel software to determine indicators and make before-after comparisons using the McNemar test, at a precision threshold of 5%. Results: Of the 8535 surveyed children, 89.5% were vaccinatedduring the follow-up campaign and 81.6% were vaccinated before. Only 3.7% had correctly completed campaign vaccination cards. Estimated vaccination coverage increased from 80.8% before the campaign to 92.6% after the campaign (p 0.001). Vaccination coverage after campaign against measles improved in all provinces (p < 0.001) except Bas-Uele and Maniema. Thirteen provinces reached the national coverage target of 95%, compared to five before the campaign. The proportion of zero-dose children dropped significantly after this campaign from 19.2% to 7.4% (p 0.001), and even fell below 1% in six provinces. Conclusion: This measles vaccination campaign improved overall vaccination coverage by 10% and reached more unvaccinated children. Efforts must continue to improve the retention of vaccination card, the adherence of unvaccinated children and the effectiveness of routine vaccination.

清末“切音字运动”的汉字繁难理论与教育普及观念

清朝末年,中华民族危于累卵,变革图强成为困厄时代的核心旋律。汉字繁难是阻碍教育普及的重要原因,选择表意或表音何种文字作为教育普及的基本工具、如何处理迫在眉睫的扫盲教育与渊懿浩博的国粹传承之间的矛盾关系成为考验民族智慧的重大历史抉择。“切音字运动”关于全民教育、实用教育、免费教育、强制教育、女子教育等颇富开创意义的先进理念,直接推动了近代教育的发展进程。在当前文化自信的宏观视域下,客观审视清末内忧外患悲惨际遇下的时代论断,具有重要的理论价值与实践价值。

作为公共关系的竞选:印人党获取政权合法性的话语建构

政治竞选是一个政党争取人民认可,而人民赋予其权力并接受其统治的过程,政党通过竞选实现政权合法化。话语幻象分析揭示了政党将主观转变为客观,将幻象转化为真实的社会过程。印度作为南亚头号强国,大选历来备受关注。2024年的印度大选被认为是没有多少悬念的选举,这与莫迪及印人党的强势崛起有很大关系。出现这种情势的转折点是2019年莫迪与印人党采取了非常成功的“话语幻象术”,使其领导的全国民主联盟第二次获得执政权。在2019年大选期间,印度人民党和印度国民大会党都拥有“支持”或“反对”两种立场鲜明的声音。不同立场的话语对印度各邦、各民族、政党、群体和个人都产生了不同的影响。研究2019年印度竞选是一种探究印人党对于2024年乃至未来政权合法化一般叙事规则的有益尝试。以政治公共关系中的政治竞选理论和话语幻象理论为基础,运用话语幻象的三维分析框架——历史、语言和符号行为以及社会影响解构话语的内核,分析竞选话语如何被操纵并影响选民决策,从而解释印人党在选举过程中为什么能比国大党建构起更高的政权合法性。印人党比国大党更擅于利用一些修辞手法将非常主观和对立的概念合理化,给大众造成强烈的幻象,影响选民对事实的判断,使得多数选民相信印人党的宣传版本。话语幻象完成了政权合法性的建构,但同时也加剧了印度国内民众的身份二元对立和社会仇恨。

廉洁文化维度下淮海战役精神探析

人心向背是淮海战役胜利的决定因素,廉洁是淮海战役精神的本色。分析了中国共产党廉洁精神的内涵,并阐述了廉洁文化维度下淮海战役胜利的必然性;提出新时代大学生应传承弘扬淮海战役精神,担负起实现中华民族伟大复兴的时代重任。

北魏孝文帝南征与大一统思想的伸张

北魏孝文帝即位后,对南朝采取进攻态势。太和初期,孝文帝斥责齐高帝萧道成“寻僭大号”,遣将讨伐,责问其使节;迁都洛阳期间,斥责齐明帝萧鸾“践阼非正”,亲征南讨,责备萧鸾杀主自立之罪恶;迁都洛阳后,车驾南征,训责南朝守将“奉逆君,守迷节”,宣扬“天无二日,土无二王”的华夏正统观念,宣示天命在“北”而不在“南”。作为“本施北政”的北朝皇帝,北魏孝文帝训责、讨伐南朝君臣之举,是对大一统思想的极大伸张,意在展示其主持天下公道与正义的光辉形象,宣示南北朝为不可分割的统一体,而北魏乃正统王朝,孝文帝乃华夏正统之君。北魏孝文帝时期大一统思想的伸张,对应着南北朝国力的此消彼长,折射出时代的变化,预示着大一统时代的到来。

拉丁化新文字运动的优胜推行策略研究

在拉丁化新文字运动出现之前,清末以来的一系列拼音化文字的社会推行均未达到预期愿景。而凭借相对优胜的推行策略,拉丁化新文字则取得了较为显著的传习效果。这些推行策略包括:社会文化界知名人士不遗余力地宣传,极大地提升了拉丁化新文字的影响;在官方政策保障方面,拉丁化新文字运动得到中国共产党的引领与支持,使其获得与汉字同等的法律地位;在危机处理方面,拉丁化新文字运动的宣传者们巧妙借助远东华工扫盲运动、大众语运动、民族解放运动、国语罗马字运动等各种力量,使其在逆境中得以发展。新中国成立后,随着《汉语拼音方案》的制定和颁布,拉丁化新文字逐渐退出历史舞台。在彼时剧烈的社会变革中,拉丁化新文字运动已超越语言学范畴,而承载了复杂的政治要素和文化要素。

在“同一健康”下浙江省病媒生物可持续控制“无四害村”的实践

目的系统总结浙江省农村病媒生物可持续控制的实践经验。方法回顾“同一健康”(One Health)理念和媒介生物可持续控制策略的提出和变迁,阐述浙江实践的依据、前提、基础和发展历程。结果从“无蚊村”“无蝇村”“无蚊蝇村”“无四害村”再到“无蚊单位”建设,提出了农村病媒生物可持续控制创新理念,强调的是“环境—宿主媒介—人类健康”。结论浙江农村病媒生物可持续控制探索是媒介生物及相关传染病可持续控制策略的成功实践,在当前全球严峻的病媒生物性传染病防控形势下,需要全球各部门合作和统一行动。政府首先应该负起责任,整治健康环境。新时代爱国卫生运动应该从城市扩展到农村,进一步提高农村健康环境,为传染病防控服务。

“权宜性精准迎检”:因应创建示范量化考核的策略——基于吉林省C市“幸福小区”创建评审的调查

对创建示范项目进行科学合理的评估验收是检验政策执行成果、总结经验教训、开展复制推广的必备环节。创建示范主体展现的迎检成果通常并不是创建实践的真实反馈,而是基于迎检策略的技术性生产结果。通过提炼“权宜性精准迎检”概念,阐释基层政策执行者以量化考核得分点和赋分规则为标靶,权宜性地制定脱离真实创建过程、精准对应量化指标并获取高分的迎检策略。基于对吉林省C市“幸福小区”创建评审工作的参与式调研,描述“权宜性精准迎检”的实践过程,并解析此种迎检策略产生和施展的逻辑。“权宜性精准迎检”已经成为创建示范功能释放的梗阻,因此,应坚持“以人民为中心”的创建示范活动宗旨,采取根本性措施予以破解。

乡村振兴背景下透支型发展的逻辑与风险

乡村振兴是我国现代化发展的一项重要战略,应坚持可持续性发展思维。一些地方政府作为乡村振兴战略的实施主体,通过运动式治理推进乡村“强富美”建设,以全面推进乡村振兴。但在有限财政约束下,地方政府难以通过制度化方式承担高标准乡村建设的成本,负债建设成为地方政府的重要应对策略,由此形成乡村振兴中的透支型发展模式。对地方政府而言,透支型发展的优势不仅在于可以弥补资金不足,更在于可以扩大地方政府的制度外行动空间,其行为背后的深层次逻辑体现为地方政绩以及市场化导向乡村发展的双重逻辑。作为地方政府的策略性发展行为,透支型发展隐含着地方政府债务风险、乡村发展悬浮、乡村社会管理成本增加等风险。应警惕地方政府主导下的乡村振兴透支型发展策略取向,回归乡村振兴的战略定位,稳慎推进乡村振兴战略有效实施。

基于微分博弈的三级供应链质量改进研究

基于微分博弈理论,从质量管理角度出发探讨在分散式决策与集中式决策两个场景下的不同表现。通过算例分析比较场景下的最优策略。结果表明,在质量改进和广告宣传方面,制造商采用了一致的策略。然而,在集中决策下供应链整体系统能够取得最大收益。

运动式治理:一种中国特色的动员机制

运动式治理根植于中国传统政治,并以其在当代中国国家和地方治理中的广泛存在成为了中国公共管理的关键词。作为治理体制的运动指向传统帝国治理逻辑,作为治理机制的运动是常规科层治理失灵或低效的应对方案而指向政策执行工具。运动式治理机制与科层治理存在替代、互补、协同等关系,是当代中国革命、建设、发展的重要经验,体现了中国国家治理的制度优势和治理效能。不过,运动式治理机制也因层层加码、目标歪曲而面临有效性困境和合法性悖论,未来应向规范化、法治化、制度化、长效化的路径转型,并据此构建运动式治理的公共目标限度和技术、规范,程序规限机制。运动式治理具有鲜明的中国特色,也与科层制、动员政治、整体性治理存在深度关联,在发展中国家和发达国家都有广泛适用的空间,是观照全球公共治理因而兼具特殊性与普遍性的知识概念和治理机制。

上海市基层爱国卫生服务现状调查研究

目的:系统描述上海市基层爱国卫生服务现况,为改善上海市基层爱国卫生服务提出针对性建议。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,从上海市中心城区(A区和B区)和非中心城区(C区和D区)各抽取5个街道开展问卷调查。结果:纳入分析5038人,郊区居民感知的“四害”(苍蝇、蚊子、老鼠、蟑螂)防治效果、相关卫生行为状况、场所卫生状况郊区均较城区差,郊区居民对近一年基层开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例也低于城区;建成时间在10年以内的小区居民对相关卫生行为状况中随地吐痰现象、场所(周边环境、菜场或超市环境、背街小巷、工地附近、小区垃圾处置点、小饭店、小熟食店、小理发店等)卫生状况、近一年社区开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例最低;小区建成时间在11~20年的居民反映“四害”防治效果、部分相关卫生行为状况(吸烟、乱扔垃圾、随地大小便、宠物粪便现象)比例最低;居民获取健康知识的渠道排序由高到低分别为新媒体、传统媒体、社区健康宣教栏、电子屏、社区健康教育咨询点或智慧小屋、亲友。结论:加强基层爱国卫生人才队伍建设,高效推进基层爱国卫生服务;完善爱国卫生法律法规,丰富健康教育活动,规范居民相关卫生行为;利用多种媒体深入宣传基层爱国卫生运动,提升居民对基层爱国卫生服务的满意度。