Purification Process,Content Determination,Pharmacological Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Neogambogic Acid

Neogambogic acid is characterized by broad antitumor spectrum,good antitumor effect and low toxicity and side effects.This paper reviews the purification process,content determination and pharmacologic activity of neogambogic acid,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the research and application of neogambogic acid.

Assessing the dynamics of human activity intensity and its natural and socioeconomic determinants in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Investigating the spatiotemporal variation of human activity intensity and its determinants is a crucial basis for further revealing the mechanism of human-environment interaction and optimizing the human development mode.In this study,the human activity intensity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)from 1990 to 2020 was measured based on the quantitative model of land use data and the actual regional background,and the under-lying natural and socioeconomic determinants were investigated using spatial econometric methods.The results demonstrate that(1)the human activity intensity in QTP has increased by 11.96%,and there are differences in different spatial scales;the areas with high human activity intensity are distributed in the Hehuang Valley where Xining City and its surrounding areas are located,as well as the One-River and Two-River Area where Lhasa City and surrounding areas are located.(2)Human activity intensity has significant positive spatial spillover,suggesting that local changes will cause changes in the same direction in adjacent areas.(3)The human activ-ity intensity in QTP is affected by various determinants.Concerning socioeconomic factors,the economic level has no significant impact on the human activity intensity in QTP,which differs from the general regional law.Both urbanization and traffic conditions have a significant positive effect,and the impact intensity continues to increase.Concerning natural factors,topographic relief has a significant positive effect;the impacts of temper-ature and vegetation coverage have changed from insignificant to a significant positive effect;the impacts of precipitation and river network density have not been verified;there is no linear relationship between altitude and human activity intensity in the entire QTP,while it exists in local regions.Finally,this study proposes three policy implications for the realization of a more harmonious human-environment relationship in QTP.

Optimal Extraction,Purification and Activity Determination of Phytase from Triticale

[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of high-activity phytase from triticale. [ Method] Food and forage triticale 209 was used as an experimental material to investigate the optimal extraction conditions, including pH, solid-liquid ratio, extraction duration and active agent concentra- tion. The extracted phytase was purified with salting-out concentration method for SDS-PAGE eIectrophoresis Total protein content was measured using Bradford method; phytase activity was measured using vanadium ammonium molybdate method in accordance with the national standard GB/T 18634 -2009. [ Result] Phytase activity reached the highest under extraction conditions of pH 5.0, solid-liquid ratio 10, room temperature, shaking speed 200 r/min and shaking duration 1 h, without addition of active agems. [ Condusion] This study improved the extraction technology of phytase from wheat plants and was suitable for practical ap- plication.

Study on the Determination Conditions of Lipase Activity and the Effects of Commercial Detergent Products

The activity of lipase was determined by alkaline titration method and the conditions for the determination of lipase activity were studied. The results showed that the lipase activity was stable when the volume fraction of olive oil was 25% and the temperature was at 40℃ with PH=7.5. Under the proper conditions, the effects of anionic and nonionic surfactants were investigated. The effect of nonionic surfactants on the activity of lipase was less than that of anionic surfactants. Finally, the analysis method was used to determine the activity of the lipase in the commercial detergent products. The results showed that the method can be used for the determination of lipase activity in both liquid detergent and laundry powder. However, the temperature and pH value of the detergent solution should be controlled strictly during the conduction of the determination.

Purification Process and Biological Activity of Daphnoretin

Daphnoretin,belonging to coumarin compounds,is the main active ingredient of Wikstroemia indica,and has anti-inflammatory,anti-depression,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities.This article reviews the extraction and purification process,content determination methods and pharmacological activity of daphnoretin,in order to provide a theoretical reference for optimization of purification process,improvement of content determination technique and further clinical application of daphnoretin.

Physical activity levels and predictors in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional study

Objective: To examine physical activity(PA) of post-percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) patients and explore the demographic, clinical, and social psychological characteristics associated with PA levels. Methods: A total of 246 post-PCI patients from the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China, were included in this crosssectional study through convenience sampling. Data were collected from a self-repor ted questionnaire. PA was categorized into low, moderate, or high levels. The ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship among demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics. Results: The overall prevalence of low, moderate, and high PA was 20%, 70%, and 10%, respectively. For the domain-specific PA patterns, most par ticipants took par t in leisure-time PA(84.5%);walking was the most common PA. Increased motivation and selfefficacy, lower monthly income, and unemployment were predictors of high PA. Conclusions: PA levels in post-PCI patients was not optimal, and leisure-time PA had the highest par ticipation rate. Analyses of influencing factors can provide medical staff and health workers information to focus on high-risk groups and introduce more tailored interventions. Future studies can explore more regions, and ecological models can be introduced to study more influencing factors.

Determination of Active Components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo by Ultra-performance Convergence Chromatography

[Objectives]To determine active components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo.[Methods]A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of L.rotata by using Ultra-performance convergence chromatography.The separation of active components of L.rotata was successfully achieved on Waters ACQUITY UPC column,with gradient elution carbon dioxide and methanol solvent at flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.The separation gradient elution rate was as follows:15%methanol 0-1 min,18%methanol 1-5 min,20%methanol 5-6 min,25%methanol 6-7 min,30%methanol 7-8 min,30%methanol 8-9 min,15%methanol 9-10 min.The conditions used in the separation process was as follows:column temperature 30℃;injection volume 2μL.Under the abovementioned conditions,the content of methyl glucoside was measured by 3D-full wavelength scanning.The validity of the method was tested by analyzing the precision,reproducibility,stability and accuracy.[Results]The results indicated that in terms of extraction and separation of compounds,supercritical CO2 not only has the diffusion property of gas,but also has the density and fluidity of liquid.[Conclusions]The ultra-high performance chromatography is a new technique for drug analysis.

Isolation and Biological Determination of Bacillus thuringiensis with High Toxicity in Soil of Changbai Mountain Area

[Objective] This study was conducted to isolate and screen new Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） strains against Lepidoptera insecticides. [Method] Bt strains were isolated from soil of Changbai Mountain area by temperature screening method, and highly-toxic Bt stains were then selected by biological determination and toxicity de- termination. [Result] From 150 soil samples, 18 Bt isolates were isolated, with an average isolation rate of 12.0%. Specifically, the isolation rate from mountain field was 8.5 %, and the isolation rate from farmland was 16.2%. The results of activity determination showed that there were17, 5 and 4 strains showing lethality rate over 90% against Plutel/a xylosrel/a, Spodoptera litura and Spodptera exigua, respectively, and among them, strain YNI-1 exhibited high activity against all the 3 kinds of in- sects. The results of toxicity determination showed that strain YNl-lhad the best fast-acting property against S.litura and S. exigua; strains with high toxicity against S. exigua were YN6-2〉YN1-1〉YN4-2〉YN2-6 sequentially; and toxicity of strains against S. /itura was in order of YN4-4〉YN1-1 〉YN6-1 〉YN4-1 〉YN2-1. [Conclusion] According to activity determination and toxicity determination, strain YN1-1 was screened as the target strain with wide spectrum, fast-acting property and high toxi- city.

Screening of Anti-tumor Effective Extracts from Sedum bulbiferum Makino and HPLC Determination of Quercetin and Kaempferol in This Herbal Medicine

[Objectives] To investigate the anti-tumor activity of Sedum bulbiferum Makino in vitro,and establish a HPLC method for determination of quercetin and kaempferol in S. bulbiferum. [Methods] The inhibitory activities of different extracts and total flavonoids of S. bulbiferum on proliferation of three kinds of cancer cells( Hep G2,EC109,SW480) were tested by MTT assay. HPLC method for determination of quercetin and kaempferol in S. bulbiferum was established. [Results]The growth and proliferation of the three kinds of cancer cells were all significantly inhibited by ethyl acetate fraction and total flavonoids isolated from S. bulbiferum. With each extraction concentration increasing,stronger anti-tumor activity was found. The linear ranges of quercetin and kaempferol were 0. 03-0. 36 μg( R = 0. 999 9) and0. 08-0. 96 μg( R = 0. 999 9),and the average recoveries were 98. 90%( RSD = 1. 15%) and 98. 27%( RSD = 1. 70%),respectively.[Conclusions]S. bulbiferum has significant anti-tumor activity in vitro. The HPLC method established was accurate,reproducible,and could be used for quality control of this crude drug.

Determination of Utratrace Silver Using Surfactant As Sensitizer by Catalytic Near Field Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometry

A new method for the determination of utratrace silver(I) by near field thermal lens spectrometry has been developed. This method is based on the silver(I) catalyzed discoloring reaction of bromocresol green oxidized by sodium persulphate in the presence of a, a-bipy as activator and Triton X-100 as sensitizer. The linear range of this method is 0~1.6 ng穖L-1 of silver. The detection limit is 2?0-2 ng穖L-1. The method has been applied to the determination of silver in lead power and photographic paper with satisfactory results.

Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity

Background: Evidence suggests involvement in youth sport does not guarantee daily guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) are met, and participation may not mitigate the risks associated with physical inactivity. The need to promote higher habitual MVPA engagement amongst children active in the youth sport context has therefore been underlined. Framed by self-determination theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the implications of the motivational climate created in youth sport, for children's daily engagement in MVPA and associated adiposity. Specifically, we sought to test a motivational sequence in which children's perceptions of an empowering coach-created motivational climate were related to autonomous and controlled motivation, which in turn predicted sport-related enjoyment. Finally, enjoyment was assumed to predict accelerometer assessed daily MVPA and, following this, adiposity.Methods: Male and female youth sport participants aged 9–16 years(n = 112) completed multi-section questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the motivational climate created in youth sport(i.e., autonomy supportive, task involving, socially supportive), autonomous and controlled motivation, and sport-related enjoyment. Daily MVPA engagement was determined via 7 days of accelerometry. Percent body fat(BF%) was estimated using bio-electrical impedance analysis.Results: Path analysis revealed perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted players' autonomous motivation, and in turn, sport-related enjoyment. Enjoyment was also significantly negatively related to players' BF%, via a positive association with daily MVPA.Conclusion: Fostering more empowering youth sport environments may hold implications for the prevention of excess adiposity, through encouraging higher habitual MVPA engagement. Findings may inform the optimal design of youth sport settings for MVPA promotion, and contribute towards associated healthy weight maintenance amongst youth active in this context. Longitudinal and intervention studies are required to confirm these results.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Freeze-dried Tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and Study on Anti-tumor Activity of Diosgenin

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard for freeze-dried tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and to explore the antitumor activity of its extract diosgenin.[Methods]Taking freeze-dried powder samples of P.sibiricum from 4 different producing areas as materials,and referring to the quality standard of P.sibiricum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),the contents of total ash,moisture,extract,total sugar and diosgenin were determined by total ash determination method,drying method,hot dipping method,0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid method and HPLC,respectively.The antitumor activities of diosgenin against A431(human epidermal carcinoma cells),H1975(human lung adenocarcinoma cells)and Ramos(human B lymphoblastoma cells)were investigated by MTT assay.[Results]The moisture content of the samples was 2.8%-4.7%(not more than 18.0%);the total ash content was 1.9%-3.4%(not more than 4.0%);the ethanol-soluble extract content was 72.99%-78.99%(not less than 45.0%);and the total sugar content was 7.95%-9.94%(not less than 7.0%).The lowest content of diosgenin was 0.18%,and diosgenin was significantly resistant to A431.[Conclusions]The content determination method established in the study is simple,accurate and reproducible.

药食同源植物杀虫剂制备及其防治效果

以常见药食同源植物辣椒和花椒的果实、大蒜鳞茎和洋葱鳞叶为试验材料,与有效微生物群(Effective microorganisms,EM)菌液混合发酵制作杀虫剂,使用液相色谱分析其杀虫成分含量;结合室内和田间试验,筛选高效生物杀虫剂并评估其杀虫效果。结果表明,花椒125g,辣椒25g,大蒜125g,洋葱250g混合发酵30d,稀释30倍液得到最佳杀虫活性物A;施药后第6天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,虫口减退率为92.38%。田间试验结果表明,杀虫剂A在施药后第5天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,校正防效为78.05%;与市售植物源杀虫剂比较,杀虫剂A持效时间较长,在施药后第6天虫口减退率为70.29%,校正防效为82.95%,杀虫效果显著高于0.3%印楝素乳油和1.3%苦参碱水剂。研究得到一种高效植物源杀虫剂A,为药食同源植物制备杀虫剂研发及其在生产中推广应用提供试验依据和有效方法。

国际基于自我决定理论的儿童青少年体育活动研究现状与展望

为考察国际基于自我决定理论的儿童青少年体育活动研究的发展脉络和最新进展,运用科学计量学中的关键词共现、关键词聚类和可视化技术等方法对2000—2022年Web of Science核心合集数据库相关研究文献进行分析。结果发现:中国在亚洲国家中产出领先;历年研究呈现从宏观到微观、从单一到多重、从横断到纵横结合、从解决到预防、从验证到应用、从开拓到回顾的发展趋势,最新研究体现出重视结构化问卷、研究设计联系实际情境和纳入各种心理学变量的特点;已有研究存在针对特殊群体、干预的作用路径、系统化干预项目设计方法等方面的局限。对我国相关研究的启示:对热度仍持续的主题继续优化研究设计;对基本达到饱和的主题结合实际推进本土研究;利用多重变量关系路径、多元干预模型、跨情境研究、横向与纵向相结合等开展实证研究;编制、修订中国版的相关问卷。

慢性荨麻疹患者血清PAF、抗-CCD IgE水平变化及临床意义分析

目的探讨慢性荨麻疹患者血清血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)、抗交叉反应性糖类决定簇免疫球蛋白E(anti-cross reactive carbohydrate determinants immunoglobulin E,抗-CCD IgE)水平变化及临床意义,为临床诊断及病情程度、预后评估提供参考依据。方法选取2021年5月—2023年5月广州市皮肤病防治所收治的100例慢性荨麻疹患者,根据荨麻疹活动评分分为轻度组(n=41)、中度组(n=35)和重度组(n=24)。采集患者空腹静脉血,通过酶联免疫吸附法测定血清PAF水平,通过斑点免疫印迹法测定抗-CCD IgE、过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)。比较不同病情程度慢性荨麻疹患者血清PAF水平,分析慢性荨麻疹患者血清PAF水平与荨麻疹活动评分相关性,比较不同临床特征慢性荨麻疹患者抗-CCD IgE阳性率。结果中度组、重度组患者血清PAF水平高于轻度组,重度组患者血清PAF水平高于中度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,慢性荨麻疹患者血清PAF水平与荨麻疹活动评分呈正相关性(r=0.491,P<0.001)。年龄≥45岁、重度病情、sIgE阳性患者抗-CCD IgE阳性率高于年龄<45岁、轻度病情、sIgE阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗-CCD IgE阳性患者中过敏原阳性最高的为尘螨组合(66.67%),其次为蟑螂、螃蟹、普通豚草,分别为55.56%、44.44%和44.44%。结论慢性荨麻疹患者血清PAF水平与病情密切相关,且抗-CCD IgE水平与sIgE水平有一定关系,抗-CCD IgE阳性表达情况对sIgE试验存在一定干扰,分析试验结果时应考虑抗-CCD IgE的影响。

不同产地苦瓜干抗氧化活性成分比较分析

测定10批苦瓜干所含的主要成分含量以及抗氧化活性,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对苦瓜干进行红外光谱分析,为控制苦瓜干质量、保证其安全使用和后期开发利用提供理论支持。使用硝酸铝显色法、福林酚法和二硝基水杨酸法测定总黄酮、总酚和还原糖含量,并运用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力法及总抗氧化能力法测定苦瓜干的抗氧化活性。10批苦瓜干的成分含量有所不同,总黄酮、总酚、还原糖含量(w)最高,分别为1.84、5.24、9.00 mg·g^(-1);苦瓜干对DPPH+自由基均有清除作用,IC_(50)值最佳为3.42 mg·m L^(-1);苦瓜干的总抗氧化能力最高,为192.02μg·g^(-1)。苦瓜干粉末的红外光谱图的主要吸收峰均在3290、2920、1740、1610、1370、1230、1020 cm^(-1)附近。苦瓜干富含黄酮、总酚、还原糖成分,一维红外光谱和二阶导数光谱的结合可为苦瓜干的识别分析提供科学数据,有助于苦瓜干的整体质量控制以及有效成分定性分析。

亚洲玉米螟越冬后幼虫致病细菌——黏质沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及杀虫活性评价

本研究从新疆伊犁河谷新源县春播玉米田越冬后自然罹病亚洲玉米螟幼虫上分离获得1株细菌菌株ACB3014,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析对该菌株进行了鉴定,并采用饲喂法测定了该菌株对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的致病性。结果表明菌株ACB3014为黏质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens。菌株ACB3014对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率随菌悬液浓度的升高而增加。饲喂ACB3014菌悬液后第7 d,在浓度2×10^(4)~2×10^(8)cfu/mL下,亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率为27.78%~77.78%。接种第13 d,亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫LC_(50)为3.79×10^(3)cfu/mL,当浓度达2×10^(8)cfu/mL时,LT_(50)为3.93 d。且染病后的亚洲玉米螟体色为暗红色和黑色,虫体呈脓状溃烂,散发出强烈异味。综上,黏质沙雷氏菌ACB3014菌株对亚洲玉米螟幼虫有很好的杀虫活性,具有很高的防治潜力,可用作亚洲玉米螟的绿色生物防治资源。

红花注射液生物活性测定法的建立与评价研究

目的基于红花注射液具有抗血小板聚集作用,建立红花注射液生物活性测定方法,优化红花注射液质量控制模式。方法通过红花注射液体外抗血小板聚集活性建立试验系,对诱导剂的种类、血小板的数量及不同的剂间比都做了对比,进行量效学关系考察并定义效价,采用量反应平行线(3.3)法进行实验设计及计算效价,建立红花注射液生物活性测定法并验证其可行性。结果选择二磷酸腺苷作为血小板聚集诱导剂,血小板的数量选用500×10^(9)个·L^(-1)。通过量效关系考察,发现红花注射液在剂间比为1∶0.5,在25%~100%与测定值线性良好,并测定了4个厂家8个批次红花注射液的效价,验证了方法的适用性。结论本方法结果可靠且重复性和中间精密度良好,通过效价测定量化了红花注射液抑制血小板聚集活性以评价不同批次红花注射液质量,在现行的红花注射液质量控制的模式上进行补充,对全面控制红花注射液的质量具有重大意义。

大蒜多糖提取、结构测定、化学修饰及生物活性研究进展

作为大蒜的主要活性成分之一,大蒜多糖具有增强免疫力、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、保肝、降血脂、降血糖等多种生物活性,应用前景广阔。大蒜多糖的提取方法以热水法、酶法和超声辅助法最为常见,大蒜多糖是由果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸等组成的杂多糖,乙酰化、硒化和磷酸化等化学修饰可以增加大蒜多糖抗氧化等生物活性。本文从大蒜多糖的提取、结构测定、化学修饰及生物活性的角度出发,系统总结了大蒜多糖的研究现状,未来应关注多糖结构与生物活性的构效关系,深入探讨大蒜多糖的功效机理,以期为大蒜多糖作为功能性产品的开发利用提供理论参考。

体外模拟胃肠消化过程中黑果腺肋花楸果提取物活性成分及其抗氧化作用变化规律

通过体外模拟,探究黑果腺肋花楸果提取物胃肠消化过程中的活性成分及抗氧化作用变化规律。采用紫外分光光度法测定黑果腺肋花楸果提取物口腔消化液、胃消化液、肠消化液、肠透析液以及黑果腺肋花楸果提取物溶液5种样品中总黄酮、多酚、花青素、原花青素含量变化;同时,检测5种样品对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力。结果表明:黑果腺肋花楸果提取物中原花青素含量最高,为(333.86±3.46)mg/g,其次是多酚,花青素含量最少。在模拟消化过程中活性成分变化趋势存在差异,花青素含量在口腔消化液中最多,肠消化液次之,胃消化液和肠透析液中较少;原花青素在口腔消化液中最多,胃消化液中减少,肠消化液和肠透析液中消失。多酚在肠消化液中含量最高,口腔和胃消化液中差距不大,肠透析液中明显减少。模拟消化液清除羟基自由基、DPPH自由基的变化趋势相似,其中口腔消化液抗氧化能力最强(清除羟基自由基IC50值为71μL,强于维生素C,清除DPPH自由基IC50值为13.7μL,弱于维生素C),肠消化液抗氧化能力最弱,而清除ABTS+自由基能力的结果略有不同,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力有待进一步研究。通过研究结果可以看出黑果腺肋花楸果提取物消化产物具有潜在的抗氧化活性,并与相关活性成分含量具有一定相关性。