Research Progress of Evaluation Models of Cosmetic Anti-Allergy Safety

YiwenAbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of skin allergic reactions,and the role of skin allergic mediators in different types of allergic reactions.Further,we reviewed and classified anti-allergic safety evaluation models of cosmetics based on skin allergic media.In addition,the study explored in vitro experiments,cell experiments and animal experiments performed using anti-allergic safety evaluation model.The findings of this study provide information on the importance of anti-allergic safety evaluation models in cosmetics industry,and guides on selection of anti-allergic raw materials.Moreover,the findings of this study provide a basis for further research on development of mild cosmetics.

Order Exponential Evaluation Model for Road Traffic Safety in City Clusters

This study presents an order exponential model for estimating road traffic safety in city clusters.The proposed model introduces the traffic flow intrinsic properties and uses the characteristics and regular patterns of traffic development to identify road traffic safety levels in city clusters.Additionally,an evaluation index system of city cluster road traffic safety was constructed based on the spatial and temporal distribution.Then Order Exponential Evaluation Model(OEEM),a comprehensive model using order exponent function for road traffic safety evaluation,was put forward,which considers the main characteristics and the generation process of traffic accidents.The model effectively controlled the unsafe behavior of the traffic system.It could define the levels of city cluster road traffic safety and dynamically detect road safety risk.The proposed model was verified with statistical data from three Chinese city clusters by comparing the common model for road traffic safety with an ideal model.The results indicate that the order exponent approach undertaken in this study can be extended and applied to other research topics and fields.

Design and development of safety evaluation system of buildings on a seismic field based on the network platform

This paper describes a set of on-site earthquake safety evaluation systems for buildings, which were developed based on a network platform. The system embedded into the quantitative research results which were completed in accordance with the provisions from Post-earthquake Field Works, Part 2： Safety Assessment of Buildings, GB18208.2 -2001, and was further developed into an easy-to-use software platform. The system is aimed at allowing engineering professionals, civil engineeing technicists or earthquake-affected victims on site to assess damaged buildings through a network after earthquakes. The authors studied the function structure, process design of the safety evaluation module, and hierarchical analysis algorithm module of the system in depth, and developed the general architecture design, development technology and database design of the system. Technologies such as hierarchical architecture design and Java EE were used in the system development, and MySQL5 was adopted in the database development. The result is a complete evaluation process of information collection, safety evaluation, and output of damage and safety degrees, as well as query and statistical analysis of identified buildings. The system can play a positive role in sharing expert post-earthquake experience and promoting safety evaluation of buildings on a seismic field.

Evaluation of toppling rock slopes using a composite cloud model with DEMATEL–CRITIC method

Safety evaluation of toppling rock slopes developing in reservoir areas is crucial. To reduce the uncertainty of safety evaluation, this study developed a composite cloud model, which improved the combination weights of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) methods. A safety evaluation system was developed according to in situ monitoring data. The backward cloud generator was used to calculate the numerical characteristics of a cloud model of quantitative indices, and different virtual clouds were used to synthesize some clouds into a generalized one. The synthesized numerical characteristics were calculated to comprehensively evaluate the safety of toppling rock slopes. A case study of a toppling rock slope near the Huangdeng Hydropower Station in China was conducted using monitoring data collected since operation of the hydropower project began. The results indicated that the toppling rock slope was moderately safe with a low safety margin. The composite cloud model considers the fuzziness and randomness of safety evaluation and enables interchange between qualitative and quantitative knowledge. This study provides a new theoretical method for evaluating the safety of toppling rock slopes. It can aid in the predication, control, and even prevention of disasters.

Research on the effect estimation of seismic safety evaluation

Seismic safety evaluation is a basic work for determining the seismic resistance requirements of major construc-tion projects. The effect, especially the economic effect of the seismic safety evaluation has been generally con-cerned. The paper gives a model for estimating the effect of seismic safety evaluation and calculates roughly the economic effect of seismic safety evaluation with some examples.

A Novel Approach for Evaluation of Food Functions and Safety Applied in RR GM Soybeans

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate tbe healthy risk of genetically modified （ GM ） soybeans by using a novel approach for functions and safety of food. [ Me^od] Different from traditional evaluation of substantial equivalence, three great innovations were performed in this study, involving in basic diet, evalu- ation approaches and principle, as well as the clarification of connotation differences between absolute and relative mass of organs. Hence a novel BDI-GS （Bendib Damage Index and General Score） evaluation approach was established and applied in comparative evaluation between RR GM and natural soybeans. Healthy male ICR mice during linear growth were selected; experimental mice were fed with 15% RR GM soybeans and 15% natural soybeans blending maize meal diets, and control mice were fed with single maize meal diet for 13 d; the mice were dissected after collecting blood samples and perfectly obtained nine organs or tissues to re- cord their masses and conduct statistical analyses. [Result] Plenty of matching information was obtained through simple design. The growth performance of treated mice was markedly of individual differences, some mice were thwarted due to regular intake of RR soybeans. Meanwhile, the functions and safety of RR soybeans were markedly lowered in overall nutritional and healthy effects than those of natural soybeans expressed in GS values, and presents some declines in nutrition and health of thymus, pancreas and spermary; especially, it can make thymus immune （P 〈0.05） in markedly lower level than that of natural soybeans. [ Conclusion] Therefore, major troubles and risks of RR soybeans intake are of personal risks in different degrees, in addition, it may increase sub-health and related chronic epi- demics risks, and herein it will presents certain safety issues. The creation of this novel evaluation system provides a simple and available evaluation approach for functions and potential risks revelation of food effects, and will yield far-reaching influences to safety evaluation and healthy development of GM foods, as well as public health.

Evaluation of the Safety of Mine Road Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

Generally, mine roads are located in the mountain areas, as its complex topography, mostly along the river near the cliffs, steep bend anxious, the mine road design has to adopt lower technical standards relatively and usually is lack of traffic safety facilities. Especially, there are mainly medium-sized vehicles on mine road, under the heavy traffic vehicles affect repeatedly, high frequency of traffic accidents more easily happen in mine road area and cause serious effects on life or property. Combining with the particularity of mine road safety environment, this paper studies the basic theory of safety evaluation, analyses the factors of traffic safety design and special mine terrain conditions, and then establishes mine road safety index system and evaluation model based on the principles such as systematicness, independent indexes, qualitative and quantitative analysis, feasibility, scientificity and reliability. At last, the paper successfully evaluates the safety of road in Huang Mailing phosphate rock area with fuzzy AHP method based on engineering project.

Evaluation and simulation analysis of China's copper security evolution trajectory

Copper metal is one important raw material of national economy, and its security is tightly linked with industrialization process. A comprehensive security evaluation index system, including three first class indicators, nine second class indicators and fourteen third class indicators, was constructed based on the pressure-state-response （PSR） model. And efficacy coeff^cient method was adopted in dimensionless treatment and entropy method was used to obtain the weight. Then, the data of China＇s copper from 1992 to 2011 were studied and collected. By processing these data, a comprehensive safety index of China＇s copper was got. The results showed that the comprehensive safety index of China＇s copper rose from its low point. The safety pressure state of China＇s copper was improved. The safety state of China＇s copper continued to be tight. The response state continued to rise. The overall situation of China＇s copper safety was improving, but still not optimistic.

Research On Construction Traffic Safety Measures Based On FAHP Model In Hydropower Project

With the rapid expansion of hydropower projects, Construction safety problem has become one of the bottlenecks for the development of hydropower industry. Combined with the construction of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station, from the point of view of construction traffic safety, based on the result of the FAHP model, factors which influence the construction safety of the diversion channel project of Guan Yinyan hydropower station have been found, relative measures focuses on the approach to eliminate hazards and guarantee construction safety have been elaborated.

Hardening-Softening Constitutive Model of Hard Brittle Rocks Considering Dilatant Effects and Safety Evaluation Index

The damage and even failure of hard brittle rocks has been the most important challenge facing the safety of construction of deep engineering works,so the key to solving this problem is the recognition of the strength characteristics and description of the mechanical behavior of hard brittle rocks.Therefore,in view of this problem,in this study,we first analyzed the strength and mechanical response characteristics revealed in tests of,and site excavation in,hard brittle rocks.Second,by analyzing rock-strength envelopes on meridional and deviatoric planes,the generalized polyaxial strain energy(GPSE)strength criterion was applied.This allows description of the effects of the minimum principal stress,intermediate principal stress,hydrostatic pressure,and Lode’s angle of stress on the strength of hard rocks.By establishing evolutionary relationships of strength parameters and dilation parameters with plastic volumetric strain in rock failure,we established an elasto-plastic mechanical constitutive model for hard brittle rocks based on the GPSE criterion.In addition,through use of the failure approach index theory and the dilatancy safety factor,an evaluation index for degree of damage considering dilatant effects of rocks was proposed.Finally,the constitutive model established in this study and the proposed evaluation index were integrated into the numerical simulation method to simulate triaxial tests on rocks and numerical simulation of deformation and fracture of the rocks surrounding the deep-buried auxiliary tunnels in China’s Jinping II Hydropower Station.In this way,the reasonableness of the model and the index was verified.The strength theory and the constitutive model established in this research are applicable to the analysis of high-stress deformation and fracture of hard brittle rock masses,which supports the theoretical work related to deep engineering operations.

SAFETI风险分析软件的应用

简要介绍了安全评价软件SAFETI的模型及模拟过程;并给出一个事故模拟应用实例,模拟结果以图表的形式表示出来,可以直观地看出事故的影响范围。

Health monitoring and comparative analysis of time-dependent effect using different prediction models for self-anchored suspension bridge with extra-wide concrete girder

The structural health status of Hunan Road Bridge during its two-year service period from April 2015 to April 2017 was studied based on monitored data.The Hunan Road Bridge is the widest concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China at present.Its structural changes and safety were evaluated using the health monitoring data,which included deformations,detailed stresses,and vibration characteristics.The influences of the single and dual effects comprising the ambient temperature changes and concrete shrinkage and creep(S&C)were analyzed based on the measured data.The ANSYS beam finite element model was established and validated by the measured bridge completion state.The comparative analyses of the prediction results of long-term concrete S&C effects were conducted using CEB-FIP 90 and B3 prediction models.The age-adjusted effective modulus method was adopted to simulate the aging behavior of concrete.Prestress relaxation was considered in the stepwise calculation.The results show that the transverse deviations of the towers are noteworthy.The spatial effect of the extra-wide girder is significant,as the compressive stress variations at the girder were uneven along the transverse direction.General increase and decrease in the girder compressive stresses were caused by seasonal ambient warming and cooling,respectively.The temperature gradient effects in the main girder were significant.Comparisons with the measured data showed that more accurate prediction results were obtained with the B3 prediction model,which can consider the concrete material parameters,than with the CEB-FIP 90 model.Significant deflection of the midspan girder in the middle region will be caused by the deviations of the cable anchoring positions at the girder ends and tower tops toward the midspan due to concrete S&C.The increase in the compressive stresses at the top plate and decrease in the stresses at the bottom plate at the middle midspan will be significant.The pre-deviations of the towers toward the sidespan and pre-lift of the midspan girder can reduce the adverse influences of concrete S&C on the structural health of the self-anchored suspension bridge with extra-wide concrete girder.

JADE-DB:基于靶向变异的大语言模型安全通用基准测试集

提出大语言模型安全通用基准测试集—JADE-DB,该数据集基于靶向变异方法自动化构建,能够将经验丰富的大语言模型安全测试员和多学科专家学者手工撰写的测试问题转化为高危通用问题,保持语言自然性的同时不改变其核心语义,且能够攻破十余款国内外知名大语言模型的安全防护机制.根据语言复杂性差异,JADE-DB包含基础、进阶、高危3个安全测试等级,共计上千条覆盖违法犯罪、侵犯权益、歧视偏见和核心价值观4大类违规主题、30多种违规主题的通用测试问题,其中针对国内开源(中文,8款)、国内商用(中文,6款)和国外商用大语言模型(英文,4款)这3组大语言模型分别构建的3款通用高危测试集,可造成每组模型在高危测试集上的平均违规率均超过70%,测试问题均可同时触发多款模型违规生成.这表明,语言的复杂性导致现有大语言模型难以学习到人类无穷多种表达方式,因此无法识别其中不变的违规本质.

基于组合赋权三维云评估技术的深部煤矿顶板事故风险分析

为了更好地对深部煤矿顶板事故展开风险评价,提出了组合赋权三维云评估技术。基于事故统计及事故致因理论,对深部煤矿顶板事故风险指标体系展开研究,采用博弈论对改进层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和熵权法进行博弈分析,以实现风险指标的组合赋权,通过构建三维云模型,对深部煤矿顶板事故危险性进行可视化分析。结果表明:包括行为、技术、设备、环境、管理5大风险因素在内的一级指标并其下20个二级风险指标是深部煤矿顶板事故风险评价指标体系的主体内容,且以环境风险权重最大;由三维云评估技术分析可知,平煤九矿的顶板事故风险级别为Ⅲ级,即修复后可接受,与该矿生产实际情况相符。组合赋权三维云评估技术的提出有助于完善深部煤矿顶板事故风险评价方法,可应用于工程实践。

隧道单向大间距点式排烟设计方法研究

排烟口间距≤60 m、开启数量不少于3处的重点排烟模式已在隧道中广泛应用。针对其存在因间距小而排烟口数量多、漏风量大问题,提出了火源上游侧纵向通风+下游侧精准开启1处排烟口(含多个排烟阀)的新型单向大间距点式排烟模式。考虑参数间相互关联性,基于特殊消防设计思路,构建了单向大间距点式排烟模式有效性评估模型,并提出了优化设计方法。依托实际隧道工程,通过数值模拟对新型点式排烟模式进行了研究,探讨了不同排烟阀个数、纵向风速、排烟口间距及坡度对烟控效果的影响,结果表明:考虑隧道火灾最不利情况火源功率50 MW下,推荐纵向风速3.67 m/s、1处排烟口(含12个排烟阀)、排烟口间距300 m的通风排烟方案。并采用缩尺寸模型试验,验证了新型点式排烟设计的合理性。

高校大学生实验室安全意识评价模型的构建

为减少实验室安全事故的发生和提高大学生的实验室安全意识,设计了实验室安全意识影响因素调查问卷和大学生实验室安全意识评价调查问卷,利用层次分析法—熵权法(AHP-EWM)主客观相结合的方法建立高校大学生实验室安全意识评价体系。通过主成分分析法(PCA)处理,再选取累计贡献率超过95%的评价指标进行布谷鸟搜索(Cuckoo Search, CS),最后结合混合优化支持向量机(SVM)建立PCA-CS-SVM大学生实验室安全意识评价模型。验证结果表明,与PCA-LS-SVM和PCA-GA-SVM模型相比,PCA-CS-SVM模型的预测值与实际值的误差较小且评价等级与实际值保持一致,具有较高的准确性和可靠性,可用于高校大学生实验室安全意识评价。

基于C-OWA和云模型的高校化工实验室安全韧性评价

为了探索高校化工实验室安全管理的新范式,将安全韧性理论引入高校化工实验室安全研究中,提出一种安全韧性评价方法。首先,界定高校化工实验室安全韧性的概念,构建以稳定性、冗余性、效率性和适应性4个安全韧性特征要素为核心的评价指标体系;其次,基于有序加权平均C-OWA算子计算指标权重,通过云模型理论得到各安全韧性特征要素和安全韧性的评价等级。最后,将该方法应用于武汉市某高校化学与化工学院实验楼安全评价,结果表明:该实验楼的实验室稳定性等级为“较好(Ⅳ级)”,冗余性等级为“中等(Ⅲ级)”,效率性等级为“较好(Ⅳ级)”,适应性等级为“中等(Ⅲ级)”,整体安全韧性等级为“较好(Ⅳ级)”,评价结果与实际情况相符,运用该方法进行安全评价对改善高校化工实验室的安全状态具有一定的参考意义。

基于组合赋权云模型的塔台管制系统运行安全评估

随着我国民航业的迅猛发展,空中交通流量不断攀升,机场塔台管制系统的运行安全面临严峻考验,因此,正确识别和评估风险成为有效提高塔台管制系统运行安全水平的重要前提。为精准且有效地完成对塔台管制系统运行的安全评估,构建了基于模糊决策实验室分析法(Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory,DEMATEL)网络层次分析法(Analytic Network Process,ANP)熵权法云模型的塔台管制系统运行安全评估模型。首先,通过流程图法并结合人机环管的思想建立塔台管制系统运行安全评估指标体系,并采用模糊DEMATEL法确定评估指标间的相互影响关系,绘制评估指标之间的网络结构图;然后,通过ANP法确定各评估指标的主观权重,采用熵权法确定各评估指标的客观权重,并通过博弈论方法计算评估指标的综合权重;最后,将权重结果与评语层云模型结合使用对各级安全评估指标进行安全评估,通过MATLAB软件完成算例的仿真分析。结果表明:该塔台管制系统运行安全等级在一般和良好之间,仍需采取有效措施对某些风险因素进行控制;同时验证了该模型在塔台管制系统运行安全评估中具有可行性和准确性,对塔台管制系统安全评估具有指导意义。

基于投影寻踪模型的水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全评价

河北省作为京津冀城市圈中不可或缺的一部分,其水、能源、粮食、人口等资源安全稳定对于整个区域经济和社会的发展尤为重要。为了深入了解河北省水-能源-粮食-人口系统的安全状况,将人口因素纳入水-能源-粮食系统进行分析,构建水-能源-粮食-人口系统的安全评价指标体系,运用基于麻雀算法改进的投影寻踪模型对河北省2010—2019年水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全进行时空演变综合评价。结果表明:在研究期,河北省水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全等级逐渐升高,各市的水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全差异性降低;河北省各市水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全等级值在1.32~3.95之间,说明该系统安全处于不安全、亚安全、安全3个等级。建议河北省根据自身资源优势,合理分配资源,实现水、能源、粮食和人口的协调发展。

地铁车站工程专项方案施工风险耦合致险评估

研究目的:安全专项方案风险评审是保障地铁车站重大工程施工安全的重要基础。针对地铁车站工程施工方案人工风险评审缺乏多风险耦合考虑、评审效率低等问题,提出构建基于系统动力学的风险耦合模型评估方法,其安全风险评价结果能有效支持专项施工方案风险评审和现场安全管理。研究结论:(1)基于工程安全风险事件的作用特征分析,得到了安全风险系统的演化路径及风险事件间的耦合关系;(2)建立了基于系统动力学的专项方案施工风险评价模型,其获得的具有时空信息工程风险评价结果,符合工程实际且便于工程师理解;(3)本研究成果可为地铁车站重大工程安全风险自动评审、方案修订以及现场应用提供支持,具有良好的理论和实践价值。