Research on Anti-bacterial Effects of 5 Kinds of Chinese Herb Extracts on Ameromonas hydrophila in vitro

[Objective] The aim was to study the anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts on Ameromonas hydrophila in vitro. [Method] in vitro anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts like Galla Chinensis,Syzygium aromaticum,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Punica granatum L. and Terminalia chebula Retz on Ameromonas hydrophila were studied; furthermore,cure rates of the Chinese herb extracts with better anti-bacterial effects were determined to find out the optimal drug dosage. [Result] Under the same experimental conditions,Galla Chinensis,Punica granatum and Terminalia chebula Retz had relatively strong anti-bacterial effects on Ameromonas hydrophila,among them the anti-bacterial effect of Galla Chinensis was significantly higher than those of the others （P0.05）. The optimal treatment dose of Galla Chinensis treating bacterial septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila was that they were treated with medicated bath for 40 min by 0.5 mg/ml Galla Chinensis extract,and the cure rate was 100%. [Conclusion] The research provides a scientific drug basis for the control and prevention of outbreak bacterial diseases of fish.

Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities of ethanol extracts of selected traditional Chinese medicinal herbs

Objective:To evaluate in ritro antimicrobial activities of selected 58 ethno-medicinal plant extracts with a view to assess their therapeutic potential.Methods:A total of 58 traditional Chinese medicinal plants were carefully selected based on the literature review and their traditional use.The antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of these medicinal plants were tested against fungi(Aspergillus funigaius),yeast(Candida albicans),gram-negative(Acirelobacter haumannii and Pseudornnruis aeruginosa)and gram-positive bacteria(Staphglococcus aureus).The activities were tested at three different concentrations of 1.00,0.10 and 0.01 mg/mL.The data was analysed using Gene data Screener program.Results:The measured antimicrobial activities indicated that out of the 58 plant extracts,15 extracts showed anti-fungal activity and 23 extracts exhibited anti-bacterial activity.Eight plant extracts have exhibited both anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities.For instance,Eucommia ulmoides,Pohgonum cuspidcrtum,Poria cocas and Uncaria rhineophylla showed activity against both bacterial and fungal strains,indicating their broad spectrum of activity.Conclusions:The results revealed that the ethanol extracts of 30 plants out of the selected 58 possess significant antimicrobial activities.It is interesting to note that the findings from the current study are consistent with the traditional use.A clear correlation has also been found between the antimicrobial activity and the flavonoid content of the plant extracts which is in agreement with the literature.Hence.the results presented here can be used to guide the selection of potential plant species for the isolation and structure elucidation of novel antimicrobial compounds in order to establish the structure-activity relationship.This in turn is expected to lead the way to the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents for therapeutic use.

Anti-bacterial studies on Hemigraphis colorata(Blume) H.G.Hallier and Elephantopus scaber L.

Objective:To examine the ethanol,aqueous,chloroform,benzene,acetone and petroleum ether extracts of Hemigraphis colorata(H.colorata) leaves and stem and Elephantopus scaber (E.scaber) leaves,root and flower for the presence of phyto-constituents and screened the antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens.Methods:The fresh materials were shade dried and powdered using the tissue blender.The dried and powered materials(50 g) were extracted successively with 200 mL of aqueous,acetone,benzene,chloroform,etganol.and petroleum ether by using Soxhlet extractor for 8 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent.Aqueous,acetone,benzene,chloroform,ethanol.and petroleum ether extracts were prepared from powdered materials were used for preliminary phytnehemical and antimicrobial studies using standard methods.Results:The crude aqueous,acetone,benzene,chloroform, ethauol.and petroleum ether extracts E.scaber leaves,flower and root and H.colorata leaves and stem demonstrated that out of(5×6×12 = 360) tests for the presence or absence of the above compounds.188 tests gave positive results and the remaining 172 gave negative results. The results of the phvtochemical screening revealed that phenol(12/12).carbohydrates(9/12). steroids(8/12).saponins and coumarins(7/12).tannins(6/12),proteins(5/12).earboxylic acid and flavonoids(4/12).xanthoproteins(3/12) and alkaloids(2/12) presence in the crude aqueous, acetone,benzene,chloroform,ethanol.and petroleum ether extracts of H.colorata leaves and stem.The crude aqueous,acetone,benzene,chloroform,ethanol.and petroleum ether extracts E.scaber leaves,flower and root displayed the presence of phenol(18/18).tannin(17/18). carbohydrates(16/18).steroids(14/18),oarboxylic acid and coumarins(12/18).saponins(10/18), xanthoprotein(9/18).flavonoids(7/18).protein(4/18) and alkaloids(2/18).The root ethanolic extracts of E.scaber illustrated the highest zone of inhibition against three pathogens viz.. Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(24 mm).Escherichia coli(E.coli)(16 mm) and Psemlomonas aeruginosa {P.aeruginosa)(13 mm).The chlorofrom extracts of E.scaber showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus(B.ceretus)(12 mm).The leaves ethanolic extracts of E.scaber demonstrated the highest zone of inhibition against three pathogens viz.,Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis)(18 mm).Proteus mirabilis(P.mirabilis)(17 mm).Salmonella Typhi(S.typhi)(14 mm) and Enterobacter sp.(11 mm) While the benzene extracts of H.colorata demonstrated maximum zone of inhibition against the pathogen Acinetobucter sp.(14 mm) and S.aureus (12 mm).Conclusions:It is hoped that this study would direct to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to invent new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.

Effect of K1, K2 Anti-Bacterial Agents on Tobacco Ralstonia Solanacearum

The tobacco Ralstonia Solanacearum were both cultured on nutrient agar plates and inoculated in seedling stage of tobacco, then treated with K1 and K2, two anti-bacterial agents, at a serial con-centrations to study their inhibitory efficiency. The result indicated that K1 can inhibit R. Solanacearum growth entirely, at the concentration range from 1/50 to 1/5000. K2 can reach the same result at the concentration range from 1/50 to 1/50000. Compared with the control plates, K1, at the concentration 1/50000, had no significant differences, and the average number of colony per plate was 112-115. The immature tobacco shown wilt as soon as inoculated with R. Solanacearum, and recovered gradually after using K1, K2. The densities of microbial suspension, handled by K1, K2 within 10 hs, were both significantly lower than the controlled ones. The optical microscopy also shown that handled microbial body differed from the controlled, whose body was regular short, rod shape as opposed to the handled ones with irregular rod shape and damaged body. All the results indicated that K1 and K2 both had inhibitory effects on tobacco R. Solanacearum, and K2 was more efficient than K1.

In vitro anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea for its biomedical application

Objective:To investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea(J.juncea)against biofilm forming pathogenic strains.Methods:Gorgonians were extraeted with methanol and analysed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Biofilm forming pathogens were identified by Congo red agar supplemented with sucrose.A quantitative spectrophotometric method was used to monitor in vitro biofilm reduction by microtitre plate assay.Anti-bacterial activity of methanolic gorgonian extract(MGE)was carried out by disc diffusion method followed by calculating the percentage of increase with crude methanol(CM).Results:The presence of active functional group was exemplified by FT-IR spectroscopy.Dry,black,crystalline colonies confirm the production of extracellular polymeric substances responsible for biofilm formation in Congo red agar.MGE exhibited potential anti-biofilm activity against all tested bacterial strains.The anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extract was comparably higher in Salmonella typhii followed by Escherichia colt,Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri.The overall percentage of increase was higher by 50.2%to CM.Conclusions:To conclude,anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial efficacy of J.juncea is impressive over biofilm producing pathogens and are good source for novel anti-bacterial compounds.

Design,synthesis and bioevaluation of N-hydroxyquinolinones as potential anti-plasmodial,anti-bacterial and iron(Ⅱ)-chelating agents

OBJECTIVE To establish a small compound library via a versatile synthetic route for the investigation of natural-inspiring compounds containing N-hydroxypyridones motif as potential anti-plasmodial,anti-bacterial and iron(Ⅱ)-chelating agents.METHODS An amidation/cyclization approach was adopted to synthesize a library of N-hydroxyquinolinones.The anti-plasmodial susceptibility of lab clone 3D7 P.falciparum was measured using aprotocol modified from the WHO microtest.The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)values were determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus arueus.Nine compounds were selected to test their iron(Ⅱ)-chelating abilities.The iron(Ⅱ)-chelating ability was determined by measuring the absorbance of ferrozine-iron complex at 562 nm.RESULTS A new route for the facile synthesis of a library of N-hydroxyquinolinones based on one-pot palladium catalyzed C-N amidation/dehydrocyclizationsequence was implemented.Four compounds show anti-plasmodial activities with the range of 1.1-1.4μmol·L-1,50% chelation abilities of the nine selected compounds were shown to be 0.24-0.29mmol·L-1.CONCLUSION Alibrary of N-hydroxyquinolinones was synthesized via a novel synthetic route.The anti-plasmodial and anti-bacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated.Four compounds show potent anti-plasmodial activities Nine compounds were examined for their propensities to undergo iron chelation and these compounds were shown to be promising iron(Ⅱ)chelators as compared to EDTA.

Biocompatible silver nanoparticles: An investigation into their protein binding efficacies, anti-bacterial effects and cell cytotoxicity studies

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)has garnered tremendous interest as conventional methods include the use and production of toxic chemicals,products,by-products and reagents.In this regard,the synthesis of AgNPs using green tea(GT)extract and two of its components,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and(+)-catechin(Ct)as capping/stabilizing agents,is reported.The synthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,along with anticancer activity against HeLa cells.After administering nanoparticles to the body,they come in contact with proteins and results in the formation of a protein corona;hence we studied the interactions of these biocompatible AgNPs with hen egg white lysozyme(HEWL)as a carrier protein.Static quenching mechanism was accountable for the quenching of HEWL fluorescence by the AgNPs.The binding constant(Kb)was found to be higher for EGCG-AgNPs((2.309±0.018)×104 M-1)than for GT-AgNPs and Ct-AgNPs towards HEWL.EGCG-AgNPs increased the polarity near the binding site while Ct-AgNPs caused the opposite effect,but GT-AgNPs had no such observable effects.Circular dichroism studies indicated that the AgNPs had no such appreciable impact on the secondary structure of HEWL.The key findings of this research included the synthesis of AgNPs using GT extract and its constituent polyphenols,and showed significant antibacterial,anticancer and protein-binding properties.The-OH groups of the polyphenols drive the in situ capping/stabilization of the AgNPs during synthesis,which might offer new opportunities having implications for nanomedicine and nanodiagnostics.

Cranberry cultivated in China:UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of its acidic ethanol extract and assessment of its anti-bacterial and anti-tumor activities in vitro

Cranberry,the fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton,is becoming popular all over the world,due to its pleasant taste,nutraceutical value and biological activities.For a long time,98%of its yield has been from America.Since being introduced to China as an import in recent decades,cranberry has become a rapid success in the food industry even with the high transportation cost.Recently,V.macrocarpon was cultivated in the Northeast of China,and the area of cultivation has increased dramatically.Therefore,it is important to systematically determine the useful compounds and their activity in this“Made-in-China”cranberry.In the present study,the content of total phenolics,anthocyanins,proanthocyanidins,sugars and organic acids was determined.Our results demonstrated that domestic cranberry is a rich source of phenolics,anthocyanins,proanthocyanidins,sugars and organic acids.Analysis of the chemical composition of an acidic ethanol extract by UPLC-QTOF-MS identified 21 compounds as well as the contents determination of catechin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside using RPHPLC.Furthermore,cranberry extract was tested for its anti-bacterial activity against five clinically important pathogens,as well as its inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells in vitro.Our results demonstrated that cranberry produced in Chinese cultivation areas is a rich source of bioactive compounds and exhibited in vitro anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities.Our work provides essential information about the quality of domestic cranberry and facilitates the development of related industries.

扁平腈纶纤维回缩性偏低影响因素及优化措施

扁平腈纶是安庆石化近年来成功开发的异形纤维,在人造毛皮、毛绒玩具等领域应用广泛,“进口替代”能力明显增强,但与高端进口扁平纤维相比,仍存在差距,主要表现为纤维的质量不匀率偏高、弹性回复率偏低等。文章结合NaSCN湿法纺丝生产实践,以纤维回缩原理为基础,对溶剂牵伸倍数、牵伸速度、牵伸温度以及NaSCN质量分数等影响因素进行分析验证,通过优化调整溶剂牵伸倍数、纺速和凝固浴质量分数等措施,降低扁平纤维的质量不匀率,提高弹性回复率,缩小与高端进口产品的质量差距。

单相厌氧与两相厌氧处理干法腈纶废水的研究

采用单相和两相厌氧方法,对含有硫酸盐和难生物降解物质的干法腈纶废水的处理进行了试验研究,结果表明,两相厌氧不仅比单相厌氧CODCr去除率高,运行稳定,硫酸根干扰小,在提高废水的可生化性上也显示出明显的优势。试验中还发现,在pH=7.9～8.2下,硫酸盐还原成为底物降解的主要代谢途径,而在中性pH=6.8～7.1时,甲烷菌的竞争占优势。

AN/MAA/AM三元共聚物的合成及性能研究

采用本体聚合,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、少量丙烯酰胺(AM)为第三共聚单体合成了链内含甲基戊二酰亚胺环和短梯形结构单元的丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺(AN/MAA/AM)三元共聚物并用其制备了高性能泡沫塑料(国外某些学者命名为PMI)。借助FTIR、DSC、TG等手段对于共聚物结构进行了分析表征,测得了其主要性能。结果表明,共聚物在热处理过程中发生化学变化生成梯形结构和酰亚胺环结构,使得其具有高的耐热性和力学性能,与未热处理的相比160℃热处理后,拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲强度分别由61.9MPa、75.8 MPa、131.3 MPa提高到91.1 MPa、190.4 MPa、151.9 MPa,200℃热处理后热变形温度由160℃热处理后的115℃提高到205℃。

腈水合酶及其在丙烯酰胺生产中应用的研究进展

对近年来国内外腈水合酶的研究进行了回顾,就腈水合酶的种类、分布、生理合成调节、结构特点、反应机理、光敏性、热稳定性等方面及影响酶活性的几个主要因素做了具体的阐述.并进一步探讨了其在工业中的应用和发展,提出了一些建议和设想.

干法腈纶废水中SO_3^(2-)的空气催化氧化性能研究

对干法腈纶废水中SO2 -3 进行了直接空气氧化和空气催化氧化处理的对比试验 ,并研究了直接空气氧化、加入不同剂量Mn金属离子均相催化剂对腈纶废水中SO2 -3 去除率的影响。研究结果表明 ,当水温 80℃ ,空气流量为 0 .4L/min(压力 0 .2MPa) ,空气催化氧化处理与直接空气氧化处理对比 ,显著提高了对SO2 -3 的去除率 ,缩短了反应时间 ,使腈纶废水中的SO2 -3 浓度得到大幅度的降低。同时 ,催化氧化处理中 ,SO2 -3 去除率与Mn金属均相催化剂投加量、氧化反应时间之间存在着一定的相关性。增加催化剂投加量、延长氧化反应时间都将提高SO2 -3的去除率 ,但催化剂投加量增加到 6 0mg/L以上对进一步缩短反应时间和提高SO2 -3 去除率的效果并不明显。作为干法腈纶生产废水预处理措施 ,在Mn金属离子均相催化剂投加量为 4 0mg/L 。

丙烯腈/腈纶废水处理技术与经济分析

介绍了国内外丙烯腈/腈纶生产废水(高浓度废水)的工业化处理技术,分析了各种处理技术的优缺点。通过对工业化处理技术应用的技术分析和经济分析,指出了目前国内对高浓度有机氰废水处理技术应用中存在的缺点和弊端。从节能降耗、废水资源化角度对含氰废水处理技术的研究应用提出一些新的思路与建议,今后应改变传统的高能耗的以氧化分解为可生化性调控技术的思路,从“回收、利用、处理”这一最主要的环保原则出发,开发合理的可生化性调控技术。

鼻窦炎病原菌和抗菌治疗的临床药理学

急、慢性鼻窦炎是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的常见病。多数急性细菌性鼻窦炎为单个病原菌感染,少数为两个种属病原菌联合感染。主要的病原菌是肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌,由细菌感染导致的鼻窦慢性炎症病程一般在90天以上。由于在培养方法、取材部位和消毒方法、是否应用抗菌药,以及病例选择等方面存在诸多差异,因此,不同的研究者报告的病原菌有较大差异。有关儿童急性鼻窦炎的研究数据并不多见。病原菌是导致急性细菌性鼻窦炎的直接致病因素,抗菌药的治疗至关重要,根据来源的不同,可将抗菌药分为:①来源于微生物代谢产物的抗生素,其中又可分为天然抗生素和人工半合成抗生素;②人工合成抗菌药,如磺胺和喹诺酮类。临床应参考患者的年龄和其他相关因素合理选择抗菌药。

PMMA/α-MSAN共混体系的动态力学行为与结构稳定性

研究了均相、相分离聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PMMA）／聚（α－甲基苯乙烯丙烯腈）（α－MSAN）共混物的动态力学行为结果表明，在130℃退火48h可使PMMA、α－MSAN及其均相共混物达到稳态结构；在200℃退火1h可使PMMA／α－MSAN共混物接近完全相分离.引人注意的是，仅相分离的PMMA／α－MSAN（40／60）呈现两个动态损耗模量（E”）峰，且两峰的分离程度强烈地依赖于在200℃退火的时间、反映出在热环境中共混物结构从非稳态到稳态的转变.

基于多智能体的腈纶原液变频系统应用研究

针对腈纶原液变频系统 ,提出了基于多智能体的分布递阶控制模型 ,实现了原液生产过程自动化系统中控制 -维护 -管理的集成。系统地分析了各智能体的功能、实现方法及多智能体之间的协作关系。利用现场总线技术保证智能体之间稳定可靠通讯连接。该方法可靠性强 ,适应性好 ,很容易推广到其他复杂自动化系统中。

解读“美国感染性疾病学会儿童和成人急性细菌性鼻及鼻窦炎临床指南”

2012-03-20美国感染性疾病学会在官方网站http://cid.oxfo rdjournals.org发表了儿童和成人急性细菌性鼻及鼻窦炎临床指南。该指南由多学科专家(包括临床和实验学专家、急诊医学专家、耳鼻咽喉科专家、公共健康专家、流行病专家、成人和儿童感染疾病专家)在收集分析相关文献的基础上,对数据类型和推荐等级分别进行了分类和分级,充分反映了所依赖数据的可靠程度。指南重点突出临床实用性,主要针对社区全科医师、家庭医师、实习医师、儿科医师、急诊医师和变态反应科医师。

异收缩腈/粘/涤花式纱工艺设计与生产

利用不同收缩率的腈纶、粘胶、涤纶长丝在棉纺设备上生产腈/粘/涤三重结构的花式纱,探讨了纺纱工艺、关键技术,以及生产过程中的注意事项。采取合理的工艺配置,有效地控制了产品质量。