Multiparameter performance monitoring of pulse amplitude modulation channels using convolutional neural networks

A designed visual geometry group(VGG)-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model with small computational cost and high accuracy is utilized to monitor pulse amplitude modulation-based intensity modulation and direct detection channel performance using eye diagram measurements.Experimental results show that the proposed technique can achieve a high accuracy in jointly monitoring modulation format,probabilistic shaping,roll-off factor,baud rate,optical signal-to-noise ratio,and chromatic dispersion.The designed VGG-based CNN model outperforms the other four traditional machine-learning methods in different scenarios.Furthermore,the multitask learning model combined with MobileNet CNN is designed to improve the flexibility of the network.Compared with the designed VGG-based CNN,the MobileNet-based MTL does not need to train all the classes,and it can simultaneously monitor single parameter or multiple parameters without sacrificing accuracy,indicating great potential in various monitoring scenarios.

Bio-Inspired Microwave Modulator for High-Temperature Electromagnetic Protection,Infrared Stealth and Operating Temperature Monitoring

High-temperature electromagnetic(EM) protection materials integrated of multiple EM protection mechanisms and functions are regarded as desirable candidates for solving EM interference over a wide temperature range.In this work,a novel microwave modulator is fabricated by introducing carbonyl iron particles(CIP)/resin into channels of carbonized wood(C-wood).Innovatively,the spaced arrangement of two microwave absorbents not only achieves a synergistic enhancement of magnetic and dielectric losses,but also breaks the translational invariance of EM characteristics in the horizontal direction to obtain multiple phase discontinuities in the frequency range of 8.2-18.0 GHz achieving modulation of reflected wave radiation direction.Accordingly,CIP/C-wood microwave modulator demonstrates the maximum effective bandwidth of 5.2 GHz and the maximum EM protection efficiency over 97% with a thickness of only 1.5 mm in the temperature range 298-673 K.Besides,CIP/C-wood microwave modulator shows stable and low thermal conductivities,as well as monotonic electrical conductivity-temperature characteristics,therefore it can also achieve thermal infrared stealth and working temperature monitoring in wide temperature ranges.This work provides an inspiration for the design of high-temperature EM protection materials with multiple EM protection mechanisms and functions.

Multilevel Pattern Mining Architecture for Automatic Network Monitoring in Heterogeneous Wireless Communication Networks

The rapid development of network technology and its evolution toward heterogeneous networks has increased the demand to support automatic monitoring and the management of heterogeneous wireless communication networks.This paper presents a multilevel pattern mining architecture to support automatic network management by discovering interesting patterns from telecom network monitoring data.This architecture leverages and combines existing frequent itemset discovery over data streams,association rule deduction,frequent sequential pattern mining,and frequent temporal pattern mining techniques while also making use of distributed processing platforms to achieve high-volume throughput.

Multiple-impairment monitoring for optical duobinary system based on delay-tap asynchronous sampling

A technique using artificial neural networks trained with parameters derived from delay tap plots for optical performance monitoring in 40 Gbit/s duobinary system is demonstrated. Firstly, the optical signal is delay tap sampled to obtain two-dimensional histogram, known as delay tap plots. Secondly, the features of delay tap plots are extracted to train the feed forward, three-layer preceptor structure artificial neural networks. Finally, the outputs of trained neural network are used to monitor optical duobinary signal impairments. Simulation of optical signal noise ratio （ OSNR）, chromatic dispersion （CD）, and differential group delay （DGD） monitoring in 40 Gbit/s optical duo- binary system is presented. The proposed monitoring scheme can accurately identify simultaneous impairments without requiring synchronous sampling or data clock recovery. The proposed technique is simple, cost-effective and suitable for in-service distributed OPM.

Quality monitoring and biases estimation of BOC navigation signals

Many safety-critical applications that utilize the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) demand highly accurate positioning information, as well as highly integrity and reliability. Due to GNSS signals are easily distorted by the interferences or disturbances, the signal quality monitoring (SQM) is necessary to detect the presence of dangerous signal distortions. In this paper, we developed an SQM software for binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated navigation signals. Firstly, the models of BOC signal with ideal and distortion are presented respectively. Then the architecture of SQM software is proposed. Moreover, the effect of the white gaussian noise (WGN) and the front-end filter on the correlation peak of the receiver is analyzed. Finally, the biases induced by the signal distortion are evaluated. The experiments simulate the relationships between the code phase shift and the normalized correlation value in the case of the signal digital distortion and the analog distortion. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SQM method can effectively monitor the signal distortion and accurately estimate the correlation peak deviation caused by the distortion.

Analysis of electro-optical intensity modulator for bunch arrival-time monitor at SXFEL

A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.

Hamamatsu’s Products for Optical Inspection,Metrology and Monitoring to Improve Yield and Accuracy for Semiconductor Processes

Pursuing small critical dimensions(i.e.14 nm or below)and high integration bring us lots of physical defects causing low yield and functionality failures for foundries.Under this circumstance,inspection,metrology and monitoring technologies are unprecedentedly vital for development of semiconductor industry.Optical and electron beam solutions are the most common two methods in semiconductor manufacturing.Hamamatsu Photonics is now aiming at optical inspection,metrology and monitoring systems market by providing light sources,photodetectors and failure analysis systems for semiconductor equipment manufacturers,foundries and research institutions.In this paper,features and potential applications of light sources,photodetectors(like image sensors,photomultiplier tubes/modules,silicon photomultipliers(modules),(avalanche)photodiodes(arrays)and so on),with the wavelengths ranging from UV to Infrared,are mainly discussed.In addition,Hamamatsu’s star product– failure analysis system to quickly locate faults or defects are introduced.In conclusion,Hamamatsu Photonics is dedicated to develop large varieties of light sources and optical sensors/detector/modules along with failure analysis systems and willing to improve the development of semiconductor and related industries,especially in China.

Highly-sensitive NO,NO2,and NH3 measurements with an open-multipass cell based on mid-infrared wavelength modulation spectroscopy

A compact prototype based on mid-infrared wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS）is developed for the simul-taneous monitoring of NO,NO2,and NH3 in the urban area.Three quantum cascade lasers（QCLs）with central frequencies around 1900.0 cm^-1,1600.0 cm^-1,and 1103.4 cm^-1are used for NO,NO2,and NH3detections,respectively,by timedivision multiplex.An open-path multi-pass cell of 60-m optical path length is applied to the instrument for high sensitivity and reducing the response time to less than 1 s.The prototype achieves a sub-ppb detection limit for all the three target gases with an average time of about 100 s.The instrument is installed in the Jiangsu environmental monitoring center to conduct performance tests on ambient air.Continuous 24-hour measurements show good agreement with the results of a reference instrument based on the chemiluminescence technique.

Anti-fatigue ionic gels for long-term multimodal respiratory abnormality monitoring

Wearable electronics integrated with stretchable sensors are considered a promising and non-invasive strategy to monitor respiratory status for health assessment.However,long-term and stable monitoring of respiratory abnormality is still a grand challenge.Here,we report a facile one-step thermal stretching strategy to fabricate an anti-fatigue ionic gel(AIG)sensor with high fatigue threshold(0=1130 J m^(–2)),high stability(>20,000 cycles),high linear sensitivity,and recyclability.A multimodal wearable respiratory monitoring system(WRMS)developed with AIG sensors can continuously measure respiratory abnormality(single-sensor mode)and compliance(multi-sensor mode)by monitoring the movement of the ribcage and abdomen in a long-term manner.For single-sensor mode,the respiratory frequency(Fr),respiratory energy(Er),and inspire/expire time(I/E ratio)can be extracted to evaluate the respiratory status during sitting,sporting,and sleeping.Further,the multi-sensors mode is developed to evaluate patientventilator asynchrony through validated clinical criteria by monitoring the incongruous movement of the chest and abdomen,which shows great potential for both daily home care and clinical applications.

用于IGBT模块温度观测的3-D降阶混合型热模型

IGBT模块温度在线监测是提高大容量变流器可靠性的关键技术。在IGBT模块在线温度监测方法中,热阻模型法可对IGBT模块内部的温度分布进行估计,因而受到关注。结合了传感器数据的温度观测器可基于热阻模型,实时修正材料老化、参数温度依赖性和功率损耗计算误差等不确定因素对温度估计造成的影响。然而现有热模型无法同时兼顾系统可观性和建模准确性,且阶数相对较高,难以应用于温度观测器的在线运行。因此,该文提出了一种适用于风冷散热多芯片IGBT模块3-D温度观测器,同时满足可观性、准确性和实时性要求的混合型降阶热模型。首先,分析了热阻模型的拓扑结构及其参数辨识的方法,并探究了模型的状态空间生成规律;然后,基于非线性优化算法对该模型的参数进行修正,以减小因计算流体力学(CFD)仿真模型参数与实际参数不一致所引入的热阻模型与实验物理对象间的误差;随后,使用平衡截断法对热阻模型降阶,相对于现有集总参数热阻模型,进一步提高了实时求解效率;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提模型的准确性。

基于LoRa通信的无线发射台信号智能监测技术研究

为实现大面积无线发射台信号覆盖监测,有效地抵御监测过程中多径干扰和频率选择性衰减等干扰因素的影响,研究基于LoRa通信的无线发射台信号智能监测技术。在无线发射台发出信号后,转换成数字信号进行对比,识别出有效发射台信号后,通过级联型LoRa组网方式以及LoRa通信技术,将数据发送到服务器中存储,实现无线发射台信号的传输。利用循环位移因子对基带产生的Chirp信号完成调频扩频调制,扩展信号频谱,增强信号抗干扰能力以及传输可靠性,增强信号监测的效果。实验结果表明:该方法能够在距离LoRa终端设备2.5 km处依旧接收到发射台信号,丢包率为12%,能够准确地监测到无线发射台是否存在发射信号。

智能化视角下抄纸干燥部虚拟可视化监控云平台搭建研究

纸机抄纸过程具有对象复杂性、不确定性及非线性等特点。信息时代下充分利用大数据、云计算技术开发纸页干燥过程监控云平台,对干燥部作业现场各类运行数据进行可视化监测和智能分析,可大幅度提升纸机烘干设备的运行效率和安全保障能力。对此,简单介绍了抄纸过程和智能化控制方法,重点研究了抄纸干燥部虚拟可视化监控云平台的搭建,探究了云平台的总体设计、硬件方案、功能模块和人机交互界面的设计等,并对云平台可视化监控效果进行测试。结果表明云平台运行效果良好,有助于推进抄纸干燥过程的智能化控制。

海上升压站上部组块运输及吊装全过程监测研究

为研究海上升压站上部组块在海上运输及吊装全过程的倾斜和振动情况,在上部组块一层主立柱安装4台双向倾角仪和4台三向加速度计,并从传感器硬件、数据采集终端、供电系统、监控平台进行监测系统设计,实现了上部组块在运输及吊装全过程的倾斜姿态和振动加速度的实时监测,可为类似上部组块运输和吊装提供较好的借鉴。

嵌入式机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计

为充分提高大型机房智能化运维能力,及时排除各种异常情况,实现高精度、低功耗的系统设计目标;提出基于嵌入式的机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计方法;设计针对机房空间的传感信号采集层、数据传输层、后台监控层的多层系统架构;硬件结构设计了用户登录模块、传感器运行模块、数据记录模块和监控显示模块,4个功能模块在多层架构下工作;软件部分通过数据传输程序连接终端设备与云计算中心,利用数据处理程序完成功能模块参数设置,完成嵌入式机房运行数据自动监控,针对系统的功耗问题,设计了微结构级功耗模型,降低系统功耗;实验结果表明:所设计系统容错率在80%以上,数据采集精度高,当浓度超过100 ppm时,自动对烟雾超标情况启动报警装置;可以实时响应接入设备,及时获取预警信息,功耗低,平均响应时间均在2.8 s以下,实现嵌入式机房自动智能监控。

基于单片机的花生覆膜播种机监测系统研究

针对花生覆膜播种机在作业过程中薄膜和滴灌带容易发生断膜、断带及卡带等问题,而驾驶员无法及时获取对应的故障信息,导致花生覆膜播种机作业完成之后出现大面积的无效作业,这加大了后续人员的工作量。为此,提出一种花生覆膜播种机关键作业参数监测系统。该系统以单片机为监测系统的核心,通过角度传感器测量角度来反映滴灌带和薄膜的铺设距离和铺设速度;采用GPS-北斗模块测量花生覆膜播种机的经纬度数据,以反映播种机的速度和位置变化。通过实验建立相关的速度数学模型和距离数学模型,并且编写了相对应的上位机软件。实验结果表明,所提系统能对播种过程中薄膜和滴灌带断膜、断带及卡带等问题进行有效监测,准确率达到90%,可有效提升花生覆膜播种机的智能化水平。

智能停电停气监测系统设计

针对水产养殖领域,设计了一款智能停电停气监测系统。当养殖设备停电或增氧机停气时,系统可通过4G通信模块,采用发送短信、拨打电话等方式及时通知养殖管理人员。该系统能够全天候监测养殖设备的状态,有效降低由设备故障造成的经济损失,具有一定市场应用价值。

压电过滤材料的传感性能及其在口罩中的应用

在劳动保护领域,实时监测劳动者的生理健康状态受到越来越多的关注。因呼吸中包含大量生理学信息,开发具有传感功能的可穿戴设备用于监测佩戴者呼吸状态成为研究热点。传统的商用呼吸监测装置价格昂贵、体积大、不易携带,限制了其在一线生产场所的使用,例如高粉尘质量浓度的矿山作业环境。为此,基于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的压电性能,利用静电纺丝技术制备出具有传感性能的柔性PVDF纳米纤维膜,将高透气性碳纤维毡与PVDF纳米纤维膜设计为具有三明治结构的传感模块并嵌入到口罩中。传感模块将呼吸气流产生的机械能转化为电能,通过对电信号数据的采集和分析,完成对呼吸强度和呼吸频率的实时监测。结果表明:嵌有传感模块的口罩在不同呼吸状态下产生的压电信号有明显差异,在低强度(15 L/min)、中强度(50 L/min)和高强度(85 L/min)3种呼吸状态下,输出压电电压峰值分别为300、700、1100 mV,电压峰值出现频率分别为18、16、14次/min。因此,基于压电信号电压峰值及其出现频率的分析,可以实现佩戴者呼吸强度和呼吸频率等呼吸参数的实时监测。此外,研究通过XRD、FT-IR、TG等分析方法确定了PVDF纳米纤维膜的压电性与其β相晶体含量有关,为进一步改善PVDF纳米纤维膜的压电性能提供了依据。研发的具有传感功能的口罩可用于矿山工人劳作状态的实时呼吸监测,在工人工作状态异常时反馈给管理人员以便于及时采取处理措施。

基于ZigBee的工厂化堆沤有机肥监控系统设计

针对工厂化堆沤有机肥过程中相关数据实时监测与废物安全排放的要求,利用物联网技术设计了一种基于ZigBee的工厂化堆沤有机肥监控系统,主要分为硬件电路设计与软件设计.硬件部分采用模块化方法对CC2530F256最小单元进行规划,扩展数据输入和数据输出两大功能板块相应接口,设计了数据采集与数据执行节点.软件部分采用C语言进行编程,对组网、数据传输等环节进行程序设计,并依托ETL工具对数据进行清洗,采用自适应加权平均融合算法对数据进行融合.为检验系统的功能,进行了为期1个月的性能测试,测试结果表明:系统数据采集、数据传输、数据储存、远程监控功能完备,数据丢包率为1.2%,机构平均响应时间为1.25 s,误动作次数为0,温度误差范围为±1.8℃,EC(电导率)值偏差极值为0.02 mS/cm,pH值误差范围为±0.1,氨气浓度偏差极值为0.02 mg/L,系统运行情况稳定.

一种基于开通栅极电压的新型IGBT键合线老化监测方法

绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistors,IGBT)的可靠运行是牵引变流器安全和性能的重要保障。键合线老化作为IGBT的一种常见失效模式,对其进行监测具有重要意义。文中提出一种基于开通栅极电压ugem的键合线老化监测方法,该方法可有效避免温度和负载电流带来的影响。首先,基于IGBT等效电路模型,系统分析ugem受键合线断裂影响的原因;其次,利用双脉冲测试进行验证,同时对温度和负载电流带来的影响进行分析;在此基础上,考虑到使用ugem局部特征将受到温度和电流的干扰,提出将开通栅极电压整体波形用于键合线老化的监测,并进一步利用有监督的线性判别分析进行数据降维以及采用支持向量机实现键合线断裂根数的检测。最后,通过实验对所提监测方法的有效性进行验证。

基于多点采样的模块化多电平换流器子模块电容和等效串联电阻监测方法

模块化多电平换流器(modularmultilevelconverter,MMC)近年来得到了广泛的发展与应用。电容器是MMC中子模块(sub-module,SM)的重要组成部分与关键元件,承担直流支撑与储能工作。为保证MMC系统的安全可靠运行,有必要对子模块电容器状态监测方法展开研究。基于MMC系统运行特性,提出一种在工频周期内对子模块电压进行多相位点采样,并结合系统控制侧开关信号、调制比与交流侧电流电压幅值、相位等信息构建电压电流状态方程,以求解电容值与等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)值等状态特征参量的子模块电容器状态监测方法。随后搭建单相七电平MMC系统仿真平台与半实物仿真平台,对上述方法的可行性与准确性进行验证。仿真结果表明子模块电容器C值监测误差绝对值小于0.03%,ESR值监测误差绝对值小于0.5%。实验结果表明C值监测误差绝对值小于1.5%,ESR值监测误差小于10%,满足子模块电容器状态监测要求。