Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely comme...Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the major form of neurodegenerative diseases that can severely impede normal cognitive function,makes it one of the most common fatal diseases.There are currently over 50 million AD patients w...Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the major form of neurodegenerative diseases that can severely impede normal cognitive function,makes it one of the most common fatal diseases.There are currently over 50 million AD patients worldwide.The neuropathology of AD is perplexing and there is a scarcity of disease-modifying treatments.Currently,early diagnosis of AD has been made possible with the discovery of biological markers associated with pathology,providing strong support for the improvement of the disease status.The search for inhibitors of AD markers from dietary supplements(DSs)has become a major hot topic.Especially with the widespread use of DSs,DSs containing polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes,polysaccharides and other bioactive components can prevent AD by reducing Aβdeposition,inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation,reconstructing synaptic dysfunction,weakening cholinesterase activity,regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress,neuronal inflammation and apoptosis.This review summarizes the anti-AD effects of the main DSs and their bioactive constituents,as well as the potential molecular mechanisms covers from 2017 to 2023.Additionally,we discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by DSs in the process of AD prevention and treatment,aiming to further provide new perspectives for functional food development.展开更多
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage ...Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.展开更多
Psoriasis is a kind of immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin disease, which is often associated with different degrees of psychological disorders. Specifically, there is a significant correlation between psorias...Psoriasis is a kind of immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin disease, which is often associated with different degrees of psychological disorders. Specifically, there is a significant correlation between psoriasis and depression, and they show the relationships of reciprocal causation and mutual promotion. Psoriasis with depression is more harmful than simple psoriasis, and its prognosis is worse, which brings a huge burden to the family and society and is worthy of clinical attention. Based on the pathogenic factors of western medicine and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine in psoriasis with depression, the paper summarized and elaborated the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of psoriasis with depression, in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.展开更多
Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods:The potential targets of quercetin were obtained from the TCMSP,SwissTar-getPred...Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods:The potential targets of quercetin were obtained from the TCMSP,SwissTar-getPrediction,and BATMAN-TCM databases.The targets of IBS-D were obtained by searching the GeneCards database with"diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome"as the keyword,and the targets of quercetin and IBS-D were intersected.The PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The intersected targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The binding ability of quercetin to the core targets was observed using molecular docking.Based on this,we established an IBS-D rat model,administered quercetin for intervention,and experimentally validated the network pharmacology prediction results by HE staining and ELISA assay.Results:Network pharmacology analysis showed that TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-6 factors and MAPK,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as the core targets and pathways of quercetin for the treatment of IBS-D.The results of animal experiments revealed that quercetin could inhibit the secretion of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,reduce the inflammatory response and improve IBS-D.Conclusion:Quercetin could protect colon tissue by regulating the expression of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,thereby treating IBS-D.展开更多
Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the national patent Chinese medicine compound“Qiangxinhuoli prescription(QXHLF)”on chronic heart failu...Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the national patent Chinese medicine compound“Qiangxinhuoli prescription(QXHLF)”on chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:In vitro,the H_(9)C_(2) cell model was induced by ANGII,and cell proliferation and related protein expression were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Western blot.In vivo,A rat model of CHF was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.The effects of QXHLF on cardiac function in CHF rats were evaluated by cardiac index,hemodynamic changes,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR.The expression of pro-apoptotic factors and anti-apoptotic factors,as well as TGFβ1,p-p38,TAK 1 mRNA,and protein,were detected.Results:In vitro,QXHLF has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of H_(9)C_(2) cells.QXHLF can reduce the expression levels of TAK 1,TGFβ1,p-p38,Caspase3 and BAX proteins in H_(9)C_(2) cells,and increase the expression level of BCL_(2) protein.In vivo,QXHLF has the potential to increase left ventricular systolic pressure,m aximum rate of change in left ventricular pressure while decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure,and inhibiting the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide.Moreover,QXHLF exhibits significant improvements in the pathological alterations of myocardial cells and fibers in CHF rats,leading to enhanced myocardial tissue morphology and notable advantages in combating myocardial fibrosis.QXHLF can reduce the levels of BAX and Caspase3 and up-regulate the expression of BCL_(2),thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Furthermore,QXHLF demonstrates inhibitory effects on the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ_(1),TAK_(1),and p-p38 in the heart tissue of the CHF rat model.Conclusion:These findings indicate that QXHLF has a therapeutic effect on CHF by inhibiting the p38-MAPK signaling pathway,reducing myocardial fibrosis,preventing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,and restoring myocardial injury.展开更多
Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily mediated by T cell.It has not been fully elucidated about the pathogenesis,and it is presently thought to be related to genetic susceptibility,infection ...Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily mediated by T cell.It has not been fully elucidated about the pathogenesis,and it is presently thought to be related to genetic susceptibility,infection and environmental triggers,and abnormal autoimmune regulation.Recent studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can improve the biochemical indicators and clinical symptoms of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.This article reviews the specific mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on treating autoimmune hepatitis in order to propose new ideas for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a cent...Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.展开更多
Lentinula edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world and is widely used as food and medicine.Modern research shows that lentinan(LNT)is the main active component of L.edodes.It has anti-cancer,treatment...Lentinula edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world and is widely used as food and medicine.Modern research shows that lentinan(LNT)is the main active component of L.edodes.It has anti-cancer,treatment of diabetes,intestinal protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,hepatoprotective,immune-regulating effects.In this review,the biological activity,action mechanism and structure-activity relationship of LNT in recent years are reviewed.On this basis,the existing problems were discussed,and the future research and application of LNT were prospected.Finally,it is hoped that this review will promote the in-depth study of LNT and provide a reference for its development as a drug and functional food.展开更多
Based on Mongolian medical theory and modern pharmacology,literature on the main components and action mechanism of Hatageqi-7 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer is collected,sorted and summarized.The resear...Based on Mongolian medical theory and modern pharmacology,literature on the main components and action mechanism of Hatageqi-7 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer is collected,sorted and summarized.The research hopes to provide certain basis for its clinical efficacy from theory.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of LiZhong Tang in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:High-fat feed was used to induce NAFLD in rats,Blood and l...Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of LiZhong Tang in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:High-fat feed was used to induce NAFLD in rats,Blood and liver samples were collected to facilitate a comparative analysis of rat body mass and liver wet weight and calculate the liver index.Liver pathology was observed,while serum transaminase and blood lipid levels were measured.The protein expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC-3II in rat liver were detected using Western Blot analysis.Results:Compared with the control group,the NAFLD rats exhibited a significant increase in body weight,liver wet weight,liver index,transaminase levels,and blood lipid levels.The expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC3-II protein were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Following intervention with Lizhong Tang,rats in each herbal treatment group displayed a decrease in body weight,liver wet weight,liver index,se-rum transaminase,and blood lipid levels.The expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC-3II rebounded(P<0.05),with the high-dose group demonstrating the most pronounced effects(P<0.01).Histopathological examination of liver tissue revealed that rats in the model group displayed disrupted hepatic lobule structure,swollen hepatocytes,disordered arrangement,and a multi-tude of varying-sized lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm.Conversely,rats treated with different doses of the herbal remedy exhibited improvements in liver tissue pathology,with the high-dose group showing the most notable enhancement.Conclusion:Lizhong Tang can improve NAFLD disease by regulating mitochondrial autophagy.展开更多
Culture is the core of education and the proper meaning of education. Exploring the realization path and function mechanism of school culture education is a major task for educators at present and in the future. Then,...Culture is the core of education and the proper meaning of education. Exploring the realization path and function mechanism of school culture education is a major task for educators at present and in the future. Then, the current academic research started late, had few achievements and was relatively broad and weak. The article believes that the mechanism of school culture educating people includes three fields: “cultural field”, “cultivation field” and “education field”. School teachers and students should be guided to make cultural choices, consciously transform school culture into personal culture, and achieve the purpose of school culture educating people.展开更多
With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on...With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on their agenda the digitalization of the automobile manufacturing industry,leading to an connected,autonomous,shared,and electric(also known as CASE)①development trend in the industry.As one of the six major automobile industry clusters in China,the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has achieved initial results in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry.However,the region is still faced with some constraints,such as insufficient digital infrastructure,relatively slow development of new automobile products,insufficient innovation ability of the automobile industry,and complex digital transformation of small and medium-sized automobile enterprises(automobile SMEs).This paper intends to construct a framework for the mechanism of action of the digital transformation in the automobile manufacturing industry,analyze the effects of the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and propose feasible paths for the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the region by drawing on domestic and international experience in this regard.The specific paths include:(a)Smoothing the“dual-core”data chain to facilitate the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry;(b)Developing the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry to upgrade the quality of automobile products;(c)Achieving corner overtaking in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry with digital technology;(d)Jointly building the automobile industrial park to promote the digital transformation of the industry;(e)Addressing problems facing automobile SMEs in digital transformation via targeted policy tools.展开更多
Polyphenols are a class of chemical components that are beneficial to human health.Polyphenol compounds provide advanced biomedical applications due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.They can also pl...Polyphenols are a class of chemical components that are beneficial to human health.Polyphenol compounds provide advanced biomedical applications due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.They can also play a role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases.However,most polyphenols are unstable compounds with low absorption and poor bioavailability which greatly limited their applications.Therefore,the delivery of polyphenols to specific parts of the body has become a therapeutic necessity.In this study,the research of polyphenol delivery systems such as microspheres,nanoparticles,liposomes and gels were mainly summarized.The action mechanism of polyphenols to intestinal microbiota,tumor cells,the brain,pancreas,and liver was analyzed.展开更多
Background:The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which Wuzhuyu Decoction treats vascular headache.Methods:We utilized the TCMSP database to identify active ingredients and targets of the Chinese herbal ...Background:The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which Wuzhuyu Decoction treats vascular headache.Methods:We utilized the TCMSP database to identify active ingredients and targets of the Chinese herbal medicine,and the Gendcars,OMIM,PharmGKB,TTD,and DrugBank databases were used to screen for disease targets.We constructed the PPI network of targets by utilizing the String database,and GO and KEGG analyses were performed.The"drug-ingredient-target-disease"network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.We analyzed the topological parameters to identify the primary active ingredients and targets of Wuzhuyu Decoction,and subsequently confirmed the findings via molecular docking.Results:A total of 86 active ingredients were obtained,including Quercetin,Kaempferol,Beta-sitosterol,Stigmasterol,and Nuciferin.Fourteen core targets were identified,including JUN,TP53,AKT1,RELA,MAPK1,MAPK14,MYC,MAPK8,CCND1,ESR1,CTNNB1,FOS,NR3C1,and RB1.GO enrichment analysis involved biological processes such as response to drug,response to lipopolysaccharide,and response to molecule of bacterial origin.The cellular components were membrane raft and membrane microdomain,and the molecular functions were catecholamine binding and nuclear receptor activity.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated the potential regulation of 171 pathways by Wuzhuyu Decoction.including the Lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway,the Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathway,and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that Nuciferin had good binding activity with AKT1(-9.9 kJ/mol),as did Quercetin with AKT1(-9.8 kJ/mol),Stigmasterol with MAPK1(-9.7 kJ/mol),and Kaempferol with AKT1(-9.5 kJ/mol).Conclusion:Wuzhuyu Decoction may exert its therapeutic effect on vascular headache by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation,providing analgesia,and modulating the immune system.展开更多
Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and div...Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and divided into two groups by the random number table method.Group A was treated with modified Qiwei Baishu powder,whereas group B was treated with western medicine.The therapeutic effect,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,blood sugar level,and incidence of adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The therapeutic effect in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome scores of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour-postprandial blood glucose(PBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of western medicine,the addition of modified Qiwei Baishu powder can maintain stable blood sugar levels in patients and alleviate diabetic symptoms;thus,it is not only effective,but also safe for clinical use in diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)stands as the most prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.Approximately 50%of DN patients progress to end-stage renal disease,posing a substantial health b...BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)stands as the most prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.Approximately 50%of DN patients progress to end-stage renal disease,posing a substantial health burden.AIM To employ network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to predict the mechanism by which glycyrrhetinic acid(GA)treats DN,subsequently validating these predictions through experimental means.METHODS The study initially identified GA targets using Pharm Mapper and the TCMSP database.Targets relevant to DN were obtained from the Genecards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The Venny database facilitated the acquisition of intersecting targets between GA and DN.The String database was used to construct a protein interaction network,while DAVID database was used to conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis and Gene Ontology(GO)analysis.Molecular docking experiments were performed using Autodock software with selected proteins.Experimental validation was conducted using renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)as the study subjects.A hyperglycemic environment was simulated using glucose solution,and the effect of GA on cell viability was assessed through the cell counting kit-8 method.Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis,and protein immunoblot(western blot)was used to measure the expression of proteins of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway and insulin resistance pathway,including insulin receptor(INSR),PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT,and glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK3).RESULTS A total of 186 intersecting targets between GA and DN were identified,which were associated with 144 KEGGrelated enrichment pathways,375 GO biological process entries,45 GO cellular component entries,and 112 GO cellular function entries.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding of GA to mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-1,SRC,PIK3R1,HSP90AA1,CASPASE9,HARS,KRAS,and MAPK14.In vitro experiments revealed that GA inhibited HK-2 cell viability,induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase,and reduced apoptosis with increasing drug concentration.Western blot analysis showed that GA differentially up-regulated GSK3 protein expression,up-regulated AKT/p-AKT expression,down-regulated INSR,AKT,p-AKT,PI3K,and p-PI3K protein expression,and reduced p-PI3K/PI3K levels under high glucose conditions.CONCLUSION GA may protect renal intrinsic cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting HK-2 cell viability,reducing HK-2 cell apoptosis,and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.展开更多
The effects of several collectors and their dosage on pure ilmenorutile atdifferent pH values were studied and the collecting strength of several representative collectorswas investigated. The experimental results ind...The effects of several collectors and their dosage on pure ilmenorutile atdifferent pH values were studied and the collecting strength of several representative collectorswas investigated. The experimental results indicate that diphosphonic acid is a good collector forilmenorutile and the recovery of ilmenorutile ranges from 90.87 percent to 91.70 percent when thepulp pH value is 2.0-4.0 and the dosage is 75 mg/L. The sequence of collecting ability for severalcollectors is as follows: diphosphonic acid> TF279 > cyclic allryl hydroximic acid > benzyl arsenicacid> salicylic hydroximic acid> alkyl hydroximic acid. Meanwhile, IAS (infrared absorptionspectrum) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used to detect and analyze the actionmechanism of diphosphonic acid on ilmenorutile. IAS results showed that the characteristicabsorption peak relating to P=O as well as P-O vibration occurred between wave numeber 1140 and 1032cm^(-1), and diphosphonic acid had adsorbed on the surface of ilmenorutile. XPS results indicatedthat the binding energy of P2P peak of ilmenorutile had changed 0.45 eV after treated bydiphosphonic acid. This proves that the adsorption is mainly chemical adsorption.展开更多
Despite that some approved drugs and genetically engineered vaccines against hepatitis B virus(HBV)are available for HBV patients,HBV infection is still a severe public health problem in the world.All the approved the...Despite that some approved drugs and genetically engineered vaccines against hepatitis B virus(HBV)are available for HBV patients,HBV infection is still a severe public health problem in the world.All the approved therapeutic drugs(including interferonalpha and nucleoside analogues)have their limitations.No drugs or therapeutic methods can cure hepatitis B so far.Therefore,it is urgently needed to discover and develop new anti-HBV drugs,especially nonnucleoside agents.Naturally originated compounds with enormous molecular complexity and diversity offer a great opportunity to find novel anti-HBV lead compounds with specific antiviral mechanisms.In this review,the natural products against HBV are discussed according to their chemical classes such as terpenes,lignans,phenolic acids,polyphenols,lactones,alkaloids and flavonoids.Furthermore,novel mode of action or new targets of some representative anti-HBV natural products are also discussed.The aim of this review is to report new discoveries and updates pertaining to anti-HBV natural products in the last 20years,especially novel skeletons and mode of action.Although many natural products with various skeletons have been reported to exhibit potent anti-HBV effects to date,scarcely any of them are found in the list of conventional anti-HBV drugs worldwide.Additionly,in anti-HBV mechanism of action,only a few references reported new targets or novel mode of action of antiHBV natural products.展开更多
Ultraviolet(UV)-induced photoaging skin has become an urgent issue.The functional foods and cosmetics aiming to improve skin photoaging are developing rapidly,and the demand is gradually increasing year by year.Collag...Ultraviolet(UV)-induced photoaging skin has become an urgent issue.The functional foods and cosmetics aiming to improve skin photoaging are developing rapidly,and the demand is gradually increasing year by year.Collagen peptides have been proven to display diverse physiological activities,such as excellent moisture retention activity,hygroscopicity,tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity,which indicates that they have great potential in amelioration of UV-induced photoaging.The main objective of this article is to recap the main mechanisms to improve photoaging skin by collagen peptides and their physiological activities in photo-protection.Furthermore,the extraction and structural characteristics of collagen peptides are overviewed.More importantly,some clinical trials on the beneficial effect on skin of collagen peptides are also discussed.In addition,prospects and challenges of collagen peptides are emphatically elucidated in this review.This article implies that collagen peptides have great potential as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics industry with a wide application prospect.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203066,51973157,61904123)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCQNJC02900)+3 种基金the National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students(202310058007)the Tianjin Municipal college students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program(202310058088)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(Grant No.2018KJ196)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301)Yunnan Revitalization Talents Support Plan-Young Talent Project(YNWRQNBJ-2018-357)。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the major form of neurodegenerative diseases that can severely impede normal cognitive function,makes it one of the most common fatal diseases.There are currently over 50 million AD patients worldwide.The neuropathology of AD is perplexing and there is a scarcity of disease-modifying treatments.Currently,early diagnosis of AD has been made possible with the discovery of biological markers associated with pathology,providing strong support for the improvement of the disease status.The search for inhibitors of AD markers from dietary supplements(DSs)has become a major hot topic.Especially with the widespread use of DSs,DSs containing polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes,polysaccharides and other bioactive components can prevent AD by reducing Aβdeposition,inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation,reconstructing synaptic dysfunction,weakening cholinesterase activity,regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress,neuronal inflammation and apoptosis.This review summarizes the anti-AD effects of the main DSs and their bioactive constituents,as well as the potential molecular mechanisms covers from 2017 to 2023.Additionally,we discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by DSs in the process of AD prevention and treatment,aiming to further provide new perspectives for functional food development.
基金Supported by Key Project of Henan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2017ZY1020General Public Relations Project of Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.212102311123General Research Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.GZY-KJS-2021-017.
文摘Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored.However,it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system.,and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research.As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium,Magnolia officinalis,rhubarb,and Qiangwu,which are primarily used to regulate qi.In the treatment of neurological diseases,the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neurotransmitter regu-latory pathways,as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema.Among the studies conducted to date,many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects.In addition,as a natural treatment,the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention,given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines.Consequently,research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance.In this paper,we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction.We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973846)Heilongjiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Fund Projec(No.t ZHY2022-132)。
文摘Psoriasis is a kind of immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin disease, which is often associated with different degrees of psychological disorders. Specifically, there is a significant correlation between psoriasis and depression, and they show the relationships of reciprocal causation and mutual promotion. Psoriasis with depression is more harmful than simple psoriasis, and its prognosis is worse, which brings a huge burden to the family and society and is worthy of clinical attention. Based on the pathogenic factors of western medicine and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine in psoriasis with depression, the paper summarized and elaborated the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of psoriasis with depression, in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160890)Guangxi Health Appropriate Technology Development and Application Project(No.GZSY23-21)+1 种基金Graduate Education Innovation Project,Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.YCSW2023383)Research Program of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019MS016)。
文摘Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).Methods:The potential targets of quercetin were obtained from the TCMSP,SwissTar-getPrediction,and BATMAN-TCM databases.The targets of IBS-D were obtained by searching the GeneCards database with"diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome"as the keyword,and the targets of quercetin and IBS-D were intersected.The PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The intersected targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The binding ability of quercetin to the core targets was observed using molecular docking.Based on this,we established an IBS-D rat model,administered quercetin for intervention,and experimentally validated the network pharmacology prediction results by HE staining and ELISA assay.Results:Network pharmacology analysis showed that TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-6 factors and MAPK,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as the core targets and pathways of quercetin for the treatment of IBS-D.The results of animal experiments revealed that quercetin could inhibit the secretion of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,reduce the inflammatory response and improve IBS-D.Conclusion:Quercetin could protect colon tissue by regulating the expression of TP53,TNF-α,AKT1,VEGF-A,IL-1βand IL-6,thereby treating IBS-D.
基金the Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20220862KJ)the Jilin Province higher education teaching reform research topic(No.20224BRFI7U003M)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074324).
文摘Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the national patent Chinese medicine compound“Qiangxinhuoli prescription(QXHLF)”on chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:In vitro,the H_(9)C_(2) cell model was induced by ANGII,and cell proliferation and related protein expression were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Western blot.In vivo,A rat model of CHF was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.The effects of QXHLF on cardiac function in CHF rats were evaluated by cardiac index,hemodynamic changes,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR.The expression of pro-apoptotic factors and anti-apoptotic factors,as well as TGFβ1,p-p38,TAK 1 mRNA,and protein,were detected.Results:In vitro,QXHLF has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of H_(9)C_(2) cells.QXHLF can reduce the expression levels of TAK 1,TGFβ1,p-p38,Caspase3 and BAX proteins in H_(9)C_(2) cells,and increase the expression level of BCL_(2) protein.In vivo,QXHLF has the potential to increase left ventricular systolic pressure,m aximum rate of change in left ventricular pressure while decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure,and inhibiting the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide.Moreover,QXHLF exhibits significant improvements in the pathological alterations of myocardial cells and fibers in CHF rats,leading to enhanced myocardial tissue morphology and notable advantages in combating myocardial fibrosis.QXHLF can reduce the levels of BAX and Caspase3 and up-regulate the expression of BCL_(2),thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Furthermore,QXHLF demonstrates inhibitory effects on the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ_(1),TAK_(1),and p-p38 in the heart tissue of the CHF rat model.Conclusion:These findings indicate that QXHLF has a therapeutic effect on CHF by inhibiting the p38-MAPK signaling pathway,reducing myocardial fibrosis,preventing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,and restoring myocardial injury.
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily mediated by T cell.It has not been fully elucidated about the pathogenesis,and it is presently thought to be related to genetic susceptibility,infection and environmental triggers,and abnormal autoimmune regulation.Recent studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can improve the biochemical indicators and clinical symptoms of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.This article reviews the specific mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on treating autoimmune hepatitis in order to propose new ideas for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(52203066,51973157,51673148 and 51678411)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin,China(19PTSYJC00010)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,China(2019M651047)the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students,China(2020YJSB062)the Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation And Entrepreneurship Training Program,China(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,China(202110058017)。
文摘Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360716).
文摘Lentinula edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world and is widely used as food and medicine.Modern research shows that lentinan(LNT)is the main active component of L.edodes.It has anti-cancer,treatment of diabetes,intestinal protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,hepatoprotective,immune-regulating effects.In this review,the biological activity,action mechanism and structure-activity relationship of LNT in recent years are reviewed.On this basis,the existing problems were discussed,and the future research and application of LNT were prospected.Finally,it is hoped that this review will promote the in-depth study of LNT and provide a reference for its development as a drug and functional food.
文摘Based on Mongolian medical theory and modern pharmacology,literature on the main components and action mechanism of Hatageqi-7 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer is collected,sorted and summarized.The research hopes to provide certain basis for its clinical efficacy from theory.
基金Youth Fund of Guangxi Natural Science Foundat ion (No.2020GXNSFBA297133)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Science and Technology Project (No.GZSY20-60)+1 种基金Natural Science Youth Fund of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.2020QN020)Guangxi Qihuang Scholar Training Project.
文摘Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of LiZhong Tang in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:High-fat feed was used to induce NAFLD in rats,Blood and liver samples were collected to facilitate a comparative analysis of rat body mass and liver wet weight and calculate the liver index.Liver pathology was observed,while serum transaminase and blood lipid levels were measured.The protein expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC-3II in rat liver were detected using Western Blot analysis.Results:Compared with the control group,the NAFLD rats exhibited a significant increase in body weight,liver wet weight,liver index,transaminase levels,and blood lipid levels.The expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC3-II protein were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Following intervention with Lizhong Tang,rats in each herbal treatment group displayed a decrease in body weight,liver wet weight,liver index,se-rum transaminase,and blood lipid levels.The expression levels of PINK1,Parkin,and LC-3II rebounded(P<0.05),with the high-dose group demonstrating the most pronounced effects(P<0.01).Histopathological examination of liver tissue revealed that rats in the model group displayed disrupted hepatic lobule structure,swollen hepatocytes,disordered arrangement,and a multi-tude of varying-sized lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm.Conversely,rats treated with different doses of the herbal remedy exhibited improvements in liver tissue pathology,with the high-dose group showing the most notable enhancement.Conclusion:Lizhong Tang can improve NAFLD disease by regulating mitochondrial autophagy.
文摘Culture is the core of education and the proper meaning of education. Exploring the realization path and function mechanism of school culture education is a major task for educators at present and in the future. Then, the current academic research started late, had few achievements and was relatively broad and weak. The article believes that the mechanism of school culture educating people includes three fields: “cultural field”, “cultivation field” and “education field”. School teachers and students should be guided to make cultural choices, consciously transform school culture into personal culture, and achieve the purpose of school culture educating people.
文摘With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on their agenda the digitalization of the automobile manufacturing industry,leading to an connected,autonomous,shared,and electric(also known as CASE)①development trend in the industry.As one of the six major automobile industry clusters in China,the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has achieved initial results in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry.However,the region is still faced with some constraints,such as insufficient digital infrastructure,relatively slow development of new automobile products,insufficient innovation ability of the automobile industry,and complex digital transformation of small and medium-sized automobile enterprises(automobile SMEs).This paper intends to construct a framework for the mechanism of action of the digital transformation in the automobile manufacturing industry,analyze the effects of the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and propose feasible paths for the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the region by drawing on domestic and international experience in this regard.The specific paths include:(a)Smoothing the“dual-core”data chain to facilitate the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry;(b)Developing the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry to upgrade the quality of automobile products;(c)Achieving corner overtaking in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry with digital technology;(d)Jointly building the automobile industrial park to promote the digital transformation of the industry;(e)Addressing problems facing automobile SMEs in digital transformation via targeted policy tools.
基金funded by Livelihood Plan Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2021JH2/10300069,2019-ZD-0845)Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0918)National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202210163013).
文摘Polyphenols are a class of chemical components that are beneficial to human health.Polyphenol compounds provide advanced biomedical applications due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.They can also play a role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases.However,most polyphenols are unstable compounds with low absorption and poor bioavailability which greatly limited their applications.Therefore,the delivery of polyphenols to specific parts of the body has become a therapeutic necessity.In this study,the research of polyphenol delivery systems such as microspheres,nanoparticles,liposomes and gels were mainly summarized.The action mechanism of polyphenols to intestinal microbiota,tumor cells,the brain,pancreas,and liver was analyzed.
基金supported by the China Natural Science Foundation(No.81973811).
文摘Background:The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which Wuzhuyu Decoction treats vascular headache.Methods:We utilized the TCMSP database to identify active ingredients and targets of the Chinese herbal medicine,and the Gendcars,OMIM,PharmGKB,TTD,and DrugBank databases were used to screen for disease targets.We constructed the PPI network of targets by utilizing the String database,and GO and KEGG analyses were performed.The"drug-ingredient-target-disease"network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.We analyzed the topological parameters to identify the primary active ingredients and targets of Wuzhuyu Decoction,and subsequently confirmed the findings via molecular docking.Results:A total of 86 active ingredients were obtained,including Quercetin,Kaempferol,Beta-sitosterol,Stigmasterol,and Nuciferin.Fourteen core targets were identified,including JUN,TP53,AKT1,RELA,MAPK1,MAPK14,MYC,MAPK8,CCND1,ESR1,CTNNB1,FOS,NR3C1,and RB1.GO enrichment analysis involved biological processes such as response to drug,response to lipopolysaccharide,and response to molecule of bacterial origin.The cellular components were membrane raft and membrane microdomain,and the molecular functions were catecholamine binding and nuclear receptor activity.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated the potential regulation of 171 pathways by Wuzhuyu Decoction.including the Lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway,the Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathway,and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that Nuciferin had good binding activity with AKT1(-9.9 kJ/mol),as did Quercetin with AKT1(-9.8 kJ/mol),Stigmasterol with MAPK1(-9.7 kJ/mol),and Kaempferol with AKT1(-9.5 kJ/mol).Conclusion:Wuzhuyu Decoction may exert its therapeutic effect on vascular headache by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation,providing analgesia,and modulating the immune system.
文摘Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and divided into two groups by the random number table method.Group A was treated with modified Qiwei Baishu powder,whereas group B was treated with western medicine.The therapeutic effect,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,blood sugar level,and incidence of adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The therapeutic effect in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome scores of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour-postprandial blood glucose(PBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of western medicine,the addition of modified Qiwei Baishu powder can maintain stable blood sugar levels in patients and alleviate diabetic symptoms;thus,it is not only effective,but also safe for clinical use in diabetes.
基金Supported by Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,No.2022AAC02039National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860894,82260879,81674096Ningxia Innovation Team of the Foundation and Clinical Researches of Diabetes and its Complications,No.NXKJT2019010.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)stands as the most prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.Approximately 50%of DN patients progress to end-stage renal disease,posing a substantial health burden.AIM To employ network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to predict the mechanism by which glycyrrhetinic acid(GA)treats DN,subsequently validating these predictions through experimental means.METHODS The study initially identified GA targets using Pharm Mapper and the TCMSP database.Targets relevant to DN were obtained from the Genecards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The Venny database facilitated the acquisition of intersecting targets between GA and DN.The String database was used to construct a protein interaction network,while DAVID database was used to conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis and Gene Ontology(GO)analysis.Molecular docking experiments were performed using Autodock software with selected proteins.Experimental validation was conducted using renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)as the study subjects.A hyperglycemic environment was simulated using glucose solution,and the effect of GA on cell viability was assessed through the cell counting kit-8 method.Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis,and protein immunoblot(western blot)was used to measure the expression of proteins of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway and insulin resistance pathway,including insulin receptor(INSR),PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT,and glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK3).RESULTS A total of 186 intersecting targets between GA and DN were identified,which were associated with 144 KEGGrelated enrichment pathways,375 GO biological process entries,45 GO cellular component entries,and 112 GO cellular function entries.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding of GA to mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-1,SRC,PIK3R1,HSP90AA1,CASPASE9,HARS,KRAS,and MAPK14.In vitro experiments revealed that GA inhibited HK-2 cell viability,induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase,and reduced apoptosis with increasing drug concentration.Western blot analysis showed that GA differentially up-regulated GSK3 protein expression,up-regulated AKT/p-AKT expression,down-regulated INSR,AKT,p-AKT,PI3K,and p-PI3K protein expression,and reduced p-PI3K/PI3K levels under high glucose conditions.CONCLUSION GA may protect renal intrinsic cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting HK-2 cell viability,reducing HK-2 cell apoptosis,and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
文摘The effects of several collectors and their dosage on pure ilmenorutile atdifferent pH values were studied and the collecting strength of several representative collectorswas investigated. The experimental results indicate that diphosphonic acid is a good collector forilmenorutile and the recovery of ilmenorutile ranges from 90.87 percent to 91.70 percent when thepulp pH value is 2.0-4.0 and the dosage is 75 mg/L. The sequence of collecting ability for severalcollectors is as follows: diphosphonic acid> TF279 > cyclic allryl hydroximic acid > benzyl arsenicacid> salicylic hydroximic acid> alkyl hydroximic acid. Meanwhile, IAS (infrared absorptionspectrum) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used to detect and analyze the actionmechanism of diphosphonic acid on ilmenorutile. IAS results showed that the characteristicabsorption peak relating to P=O as well as P-O vibration occurred between wave numeber 1140 and 1032cm^(-1), and diphosphonic acid had adsorbed on the surface of ilmenorutile. XPS results indicatedthat the binding energy of P2P peak of ilmenorutile had changed 0.45 eV after treated bydiphosphonic acid. This proves that the adsorption is mainly chemical adsorption.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LY14H310010Public Welfare Technology Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province?Experimental Animal Science and Technology Project,No.2013C37020Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.212073
文摘Despite that some approved drugs and genetically engineered vaccines against hepatitis B virus(HBV)are available for HBV patients,HBV infection is still a severe public health problem in the world.All the approved therapeutic drugs(including interferonalpha and nucleoside analogues)have their limitations.No drugs or therapeutic methods can cure hepatitis B so far.Therefore,it is urgently needed to discover and develop new anti-HBV drugs,especially nonnucleoside agents.Naturally originated compounds with enormous molecular complexity and diversity offer a great opportunity to find novel anti-HBV lead compounds with specific antiviral mechanisms.In this review,the natural products against HBV are discussed according to their chemical classes such as terpenes,lignans,phenolic acids,polyphenols,lactones,alkaloids and flavonoids.Furthermore,novel mode of action or new targets of some representative anti-HBV natural products are also discussed.The aim of this review is to report new discoveries and updates pertaining to anti-HBV natural products in the last 20years,especially novel skeletons and mode of action.Although many natural products with various skeletons have been reported to exhibit potent anti-HBV effects to date,scarcely any of them are found in the list of conventional anti-HBV drugs worldwide.Additionly,in anti-HBV mechanism of action,only a few references reported new targets or novel mode of action of antiHBV natural products.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFD0400200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972102,31671881,and 31901683)+4 种基金Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(No.cstc2018jcyj A0939)Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration Project(No.cstc2018jscx-msyb X0204)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2019B028)Innovation Program for Chongqing’s Overseas Returnees(cx2019072)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU 019009)。
文摘Ultraviolet(UV)-induced photoaging skin has become an urgent issue.The functional foods and cosmetics aiming to improve skin photoaging are developing rapidly,and the demand is gradually increasing year by year.Collagen peptides have been proven to display diverse physiological activities,such as excellent moisture retention activity,hygroscopicity,tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity,which indicates that they have great potential in amelioration of UV-induced photoaging.The main objective of this article is to recap the main mechanisms to improve photoaging skin by collagen peptides and their physiological activities in photo-protection.Furthermore,the extraction and structural characteristics of collagen peptides are overviewed.More importantly,some clinical trials on the beneficial effect on skin of collagen peptides are also discussed.In addition,prospects and challenges of collagen peptides are emphatically elucidated in this review.This article implies that collagen peptides have great potential as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics industry with a wide application prospect.