Anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from Southern India

Objective:To examine the anti-bacterial activity of leaf extracts of Morus alba L.(Moraceae)and Piper betel L.(Piperaceae),and seed extracts of Bombax ceiba L.(Borabacaceae).Methods:We have partially purified plant extracts by solvent extraction method,and evaluated the effect of individual fractions on bacterial growth using Escherichia coli(E.coli),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) bacterial strains.Results:Compared with Morus and Bombax fractions,Piper fractions showed significant growth inhibition on all the three types of bacteria studied.The EtOAc-hexane fractions of Piper leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of 50 μg/mL culture against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.The EtOAc-fractions Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅳ inhibited bacterial colony formation on soft agar in addition to growth inhibition.A combination treatment of piper fractions with ampicillin resulted in significant growth inhibition in E.coli and P.aeruginosa,and combination with anticancer drug geldanamycin(2 μg/mL) showed selective growth inhibition against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus.Three major compounds,i.e.,eugenol,3-hexene-ol and stigmasterol,were primarily identified from Piper betel leaf extractions.Among the individual compounds,eugenol treatment showed improved growth inhibition compared with stigmasterol and 3-hexene-ol.Conclusions:We are reporting potential anti-bacterial compounds from Piper betel against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria either alone or in combination with drug treatment.

Serological profiling of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients reveals anti-microbial antibody signatures

BACKGROUND The healthcare burden of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rising globally and there are limited non-invasive biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis.AIM To understand the important role that intestinal microbiota play in IBD pathogenesis and identify anti-microbial antibody signatures that benefit clinical management of IBD patients.METHODS We performed serological profiling of 100 Crohn’s disease(CD)patients,100 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients and 100 healthy controls against 1173 bacterial and 397 viral proteins from 50 bacteria and 33 viruses on protein microarrays.The study subjects were randomly divided into discovery(n=150)and validation(n=150)sets.Statistical analysis was performed using R packages.RESULTS Anti-bacterial antibody responses showed greater differential prevalence among the three subject groups than anti-viral antibody responses.We identified novel antibodies against the antigens of Bacteroidetes vulgatus(BVU_0562)and Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP_1992)showing higher prevalence in CD patients relative to healthy controls.We also identified antibodies against the antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes(SPy_2009)showing higher prevalence in healthy controls relative to UC patients.Using these novel antibodies,we built biomarker panels with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.81,0.87,and 0.82 distinguishing CD vs control,UC vs control,and CD vs UC,respectively.Subgroup analysis revealed that penetrating CD behavior,colonic CD location,CD patients with a history of surgery,and extensive UC exhibited highest antibody prevalence among all patients.We demonstrated that autoantibodies and anti-microbial antibodies in CD patients had minimal correlation.CONCLUSION We have identified antibody signatures for CD and UC using a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial antibody response in IBD.These antibodies and the source microorganisms of their target antigens improve our understanding of the role of specific microorganisms in IBD pathogenesis and,after future validation,should aid early and accurate diagnosis of IBD.

Anti-inflammation Activities of Essential Oil and Anti-microbial Activities Of Ethanol Extraction from China's Rosemary

Rosemary(Rosmarius officinalis L.), an endemic plant species in south region of China, is traditionally used as a spice. In this research, the anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and the antibacterial activities of ethanol extraction were determined, respectively. Results showed that based on the GC-MS analysis there were 35 kinds of active ingredients in the essential oil in totally, mainly including D-limonene(24.158 ml/L), α-Pinene(23.325 ml/L), Camphor(9.855 ml/L),Camphene(7.076 ml/L), Verbenone(6.685 ml/L), Borneol(5.580 ml/L), etc. The LCUV determination indicated that the main components in the ethanol extractionwere rosmarinic acid(3 910 mg/kg) and carnosic acid(2 970 mg/kg). By mice peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes experiment, the essential oil of rosemary was shown having a significant role in anti-inflammation. And the ethanol extraction had broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, but had no effect on mold by the agar diffusion method of 8 bacteria. As a result, both rosemary essential oil and ethanol extraction had good potential medicinal values.

Comparison study of anti-microbial activity between crude extract of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Andrographis paniculata

To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) and to compare the microbial inhibition activities between these two crude extracts.MethodsBoth K. alvarezii and A. paniculata were extracted with methanol before the commencement of antimicrobial properties studies. There were a total of eight species of bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. The antimicrobial activity was tested by disk diffusion method.ResultsCrude extract of K. alvarezii was found not effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, A. paniculata showed higher inhibition towards the growth of Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Results revealed that Bacillus subtilis was susceptible at lower concentration of A. paniculata crude extract however Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most susceptible towards A. paniculata at higher concentration. Although the inhibition zones produced by the crude extract were smaller than that of the positive control, streptomycin disc, A. paniculata crude extract still can be considered as potential antimicrobial agents either because it is a natural product or the active compound which is yet identified from its crude extract.ConclusionsCrude extract of K. alvarezii has zero inhibition in bacteria growth whereas A. paniculata exerted higher inhibition towards Gram-positive bacteria. The bioactive compounds contained by A. paniculata can be evaluated in order to yield a better vision towards the mode of action.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Evaluations of Its Cytotoxicity,Anti-microbial and Anti-hydroxyl Radical Activities of a New Co-crystal Compound(C6H6Cl2N2O2S)·(Phen)·H2O

Co-crystal is a very potential kind of drug solid forms, and has a far-reaching influence on designing and preparing drugs. A new 1：1：1 co-crystal compound consisting of 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-benzenesulfonamide, 1,10-phenanthroline and water was synthesized, and its crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction method. The compositions of the co-crystal are self-assembled into a three-dimensional network structure via intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking, Cl？？？Cl interactions and van der Waals＇ forces. According to the evaluations of cytotoxicity assays, anti-microbial and anti-hydroxyl radicals, this co-crystal is a potential drug.

Preparation and Activity of a Nanometer Anti-microbial Polyurethane

A novel way for photo-immobilization with interferon- α（IFN- α） on the surface of polyurethane （PU） material, which makes PU condom more effective function in the future, was investigated. A kind of photoactive arylazide-4-azidobenzoic acid was modified to IFN- α with the confirmation of IR and Raman spectrum. Micro morphology of the photo-immobilized cell factors was observed by FESEM as well as CSLM at the level of nanometer. Finally, the product with elementary test of anti-microbial was also evaluated.

Expert Experience and Data-Driven Based Hybrid Fault Diagnosis for High-SpeedWire Rod Finishing Mills

The reliable operation of high-speed wire rod finishing mills is crucial in the steel production enterprise.As complex system-level equipment,it is difficult for high-speed wire rod finishing mills to realize fault location and real-time monitoring.To solve the above problems,an expert experience and data-driven-based hybrid fault diagnosis method for high-speed wire rod finishing mills is proposed in this paper.First,based on its mechanical structure,time and frequency domain analysis are improved in fault feature extraction.The approach of combining virtual value,peak value with kurtosis value index,is adopted in time domain analysis.Speed adjustment and side frequency analysis are proposed in frequency domain analysis to obtain accurate component characteristic frequency and its corresponding sideband.Then,according to time and frequency domain characteristics,fault location based on expert experience is proposed to get an accurate fault result.Finally,the proposed method is implemented in the equipment intelligent diagnosis system.By taking an equipment fault on site,for example,the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated in the system.

Phytochemicals Screening, Phenolic Estimation and Evaluation for Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Activities of Sequentially Soxhlet Extracted Coconut Testa

Background: In many coconut industries, the outer layer of thin brown skin of coconut kernel known as testa is peeled out as a byproduct. Despite the testa is rich in fat and plenty of polyphenolic compounds, it has been underutilized either as animal feed, serving as raw materials for bio-diesel production or discarded directly. Anticipating coconut testa (CT) as a natural source of multiple phyto-chemicals, its exploitation for the pharmacological activity or utilization as value added product is required which may reduce the disposal costs as well. Methods: Secondary metabolites from CT were extracted sequentially with different organic solvents based on polarity in the soxhlet apparatus followed by extraction with sterilized water. The crude dried extracts thus prepared were evaluated for qualitative screening of phytochemicals and quantitative estimation of total phenols, flavonoids and tannin content. Moreover, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities were also investigated. Results: Phytochemicals screening revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in methanolic fraction including phenols (822.60 ± 16.36 mg/g), flavonoids (103.30 ± 9.78 mg/g) and tannin (663.50 ± 19.26 mg/g), whereas non-phenolic compounds were present in other fractions. While methanolic fraction showed invariably the highest anti-oxidant activity in multiple assay methods, non-phenolic compounds in aqueous and chloroform fractions exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was observed by both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal that CT is a rich source of various polyphenolic and non-phenolic natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compounds. These findings are promising and form the basis to identify the number of active components and their characterization.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nonionic Waterborne Polyurethane and Application to Wool Fabric Finishing

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol(N220),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),trimethylolpropane poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)(N120),1,4-butanediol(BDO) and trimethylolpropane(TMP) as the main materials.The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored.The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation,and the resultant film was elastic,soft,and transparent.The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated.When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L^(-1),the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%,the pilling rating raised from grade 2-3 to grade 4,and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

Review of Antifouling Finishing of Textiles:Theme,Evolution and Fabrication Methods

Antifouling textiles have been a hot research field in the last ten years.But lately,the European Union(EU)is expected to ban the production of C6 fluorinated water repellent,oil repellent and antifouling agents from 2025,achieving complete fluoride-free antifouling measures.In the context of the current policy regulations on fluorine-free treatment in the waterproof,oil repellent and antifouling finishing field,this paper conducts a literature survey and comprehensive understanding of the current research status and trend in fluorine-free antifouling finishing.CiteSpace and Carrot2 are used to conduct a literature review of the latest papers in two databases,Web of Science(WoS)and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).Firstly,the theoretical evolution and technical characteristics of textiles antifouling finishing technology are systematically discussed,and the technological differences of antifouling finishing textiles for different demands are compared.Secondly,the three main stages of the development of textile antifouling finishing technology and its corresponding finishing methods are summarized.Finally,three paths for the future development of fluorine-free antifouling finishing are prospected:construction of low surface energy,construction of uniform rough surface and low surface energy,and construction of multistage rough surface with low surface energy.To facilitate the transition of the industrial sector to fluorine-free,regulatory restrictions could be strengthened by enhancing the sampling inspection of apparel fabrics,detecting fluorine in wastewater discharges and restricting the production of fluorine-containing finishing agents by manufacturers.

Discussion on the Challenges Surrounding Anti-microbial Resistance,Using Relevant Case-study Examples

The advent of antimicrobial drugs has made a huge contribution to human society,but their commodity nature has given rise to behaviors such as abuse and overuse,leading to the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and other hazards.Nowadays,the structure of interests formed by various stakeholders in the market circulation of antimicrobial agents has become unbalanced,and government intervention as a breakthrough still faces many challenges.This paper discusses the AMR challenges of government intervention under the interest structure in the context of case studies in the Global North and the Global South areas from the point of view of human health in terms of stagnant R&D processes for novel antimicrobial drugs,a profit-oriented neoliberal atmosphere that mismatches production trends of antimicrobial drugs with market demand,the prevalence of private institutions lacking effective regulation,incomplete government interventions,and the difficulty of pursuing the WHO strategic plan on antimicrobial resistance,etc.

High-Speed and Low-Noise Gear Finishing by Gear Grinding and Honing:A Review

Gears are important mechanical parts for transmitting power and play an increasingly important role in the machinery industry.The electric vehicle industry developed rapidly and became a vital development field of the automotive industry over the past few years.The conversion of energy increases the requirements for electric vehicle transmissions,which promotes the development of high-speed and low-noise transmission gear.This paper elaborates on the research progress of high-speed and low-noise gear finishing methods.Firstly,this review analyses the machining requirements,finishing,and specific machining technologies of high-speed and low-noise gears.The importance of gear grinding and honing in high-speed and low-noise gear machining is highlighted.Secondly,the applications of gear grinding and honing in gear modification,error compensation,and texture control are analyzed.Furthermore,the role of precision machining technology in improving gear performance is clarified.Finally,the design and processing methods of the modified tooth flank for gear modification are summarized.In addition,the influence of tooth surface texture on noise is described,and the texture change methods are explored.The well-known open problems of gear finishing are finally identified,and some new research interests are also pointed out.This review will provide valuable references for further research on gear finishing.

Epiphanic Revival: Exploring Metallic Finishes on Batik Fabrics in Ghana

Batik fabric is an integral part of the traditional cloth culture of the Ghanaian traditional setting. However, the batik fabric has marginal usage due to its casual visual appearance. This studio practice seeks to explore the epiphanic revival in the use of metallic finishes on batik substrate to create an enhanced visual appearance with embellished aesthetic sensibilities and diversified use. The researchers adopted the studio-based approach of the qualitative design to manipulate handmade tools, techniques (collagraph) and the batik fabrics through experimentation to produce a glittering mercurial batik fabric which is typically an industrial practice. The studio practice took place at the Textile Design and Technology studio, Takoradi Technical University, Ghana. The traditional batik fabric was manipulated through fabric decoration techniques in accordance with studio-based practices. The Addie model was adopted as a methodological approach in the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation processes of the experimentation processes of the study. Findings revealed that the hand techniques used in the production process for the metallic prints produced interesting accidentals finishes and effects that machine work cannot achieve, producing new discoveries of visual enhancements of traditional batik fabric. Traditional batiks became mercurial with glittery effects. The metallic prints on the fabric also changed its consumption pattern from mere casual fabric to classic and cosmopolitan fabric for varied uses suitable for wearable to non-wearable.

Textile industry innovations in dyeing and finishing processes:Minimizing environmental impact

Textiles are one of the oldest industries in the world which has been manufacturing fabrics and materials needed for various purposes.However,the industry has been confronted with some problems regarding its pollution;specifically the dyeing and finishing processes.As for the given issues,there has been a trend in recent years to come up with more environmentally friendly solutions.

Finishing first with Monforts at Techtextil 2024

Monforts–which celebrates its 140th anniversary this year–continues to lead the field in finishing and coating technologies for technical textiles.The company is looking forward to many fruitful discussions on the scope of existing and new processes and applications at the forthcoming Techtextil show in Frankfurt from April 23-26.

Santex Rimar:Taking the Chinese textile printing and dyeing finishing industry to new heights

Since 2005,Santex Rimar Group has had a close relationship with the Chinese textile market.With a keen understanding of the market,Santex Rimar Group invested in a factory in Shanghai and established Santex Rimar Shanghai Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.In 2020,on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of Santex Rimar Shanghai,the Group has once again stepped up its efforts in the Chinese market by renting a new 10,000 square meter factory to expand its production capacity to meet the growing scale of the company and the strong growth of Chinese market demand,and expand its production capacity in China.

Research on vibration response characteristics and evolution law of finishing rolling in hot strip mills

In this study,a comprehensive rolling mill vibration test program was designed,including specific test conditions and a test system.The analysis of measured signals reveals the vibration response characteristics and their evolution at different gauge points in the finishing mill.This is particularly evident during abnormal rolling,where the signals highlight the characteristics of abnormal responses and vibration intensities.Abnormal vibrations during the rolling process mainly occur when the strip thickness is less than 2.5 mm,and at the rolling speed-up stage,the strong abnormal vibration occurs at each measuring point on the F2 transmission side.The maximum vibration intensity of the backup roll’s bearing seat is 17 mm/s.As the rolling progresses,the stress on the bolts changes.The strip thickness is negatively correlated with the peak values of bite and tail-flick impacts.The vibration characteristics vary with the strip thickness and the process state.

Construction Cost Control Strategy of Finished House Based on BIM-5D

Building Information Modeling(BIM)technology can not only achieve project refinement management of the construction process based on a 3D model but also form a BIM-5D model based on the fusion of progress data and cost data to achieve the dynamic control of the whole process of project cost.This paper discusses the application of BIM-5D in the cost control of finished house construction,aiming to provide technical reference for China’s finished house project units,so that they can master how to realize the construction of cost control system based on BIM,the monitoring of the key coefficients of the cost,corrective action,to ensure that the project cost deviation is within the controllable range,and to make an effective guarantee for the economic benefits of the project construction.

还原氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖自组装棉织物的制备及性能

首先,以乙二醛和壳聚糖(CS)对纯棉织物进行改性制备了CS改性棉织物;然后,将CS改性棉织物经氧化石墨烯(GO)分散液浸渍;最后,将吸附沉积在棉织物上的GO还原为还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),制备了RGO/CS-棉织物。采用SEM、FTIR和Raman光谱对其进行了表征,考察了CS质量分数、GO分散液质量浓度对RGO/CS-棉织物导电、抗紫外线和抑菌性能的影响,并对其耐洗性进行了测试。结果表明,RGO/CS-棉织物表面沉积的GO已较充分还原为RGO,表面覆盖了一层连续的RGO/CS薄膜;RGO/CS-棉织物导电性随着GO分散液质量浓度的增加而逐渐增强;经质量分数2.00%的CS溶液改性和质量浓度5 g/L的GO分散液处理并还原后的RGO/CS-棉织物具有最佳的导电性,表面电阻为1.02 kΩ/cm;RGO与CS协同增强了RGO/CS-棉织物的抑菌性能,抑菌率最高达95%;经质量分数0.50%的CS溶液改性和质量浓度3 g/L的GO分散液处理并还原后的RGO/CS-棉织物经过30~50次皂洗洗涤后,导电、抑菌和抗紫外线性能变化较小。

XP-endo Finisher清除椭圆形根管细菌生物膜的效果研究

目的:比较XP-endo Finisher(XPF)和被动超声冲洗(passive ultrasonic irrigation,PUI),及两者联合应用清除椭圆形根管细菌生物膜的效果。方法:选取54颗成人离体单根管横截面为椭圆形的前磨牙,建立多菌种生物膜感染根管模型。厌氧培养4周后随机选取6颗为对照,扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)确认多菌种生物膜形成。余牙应用Vortex Blue预备到40/.06后分为4个实验组(n=12),分别采用传统注射器冲洗(conventional needle irrigation,CNI)、PUI、XPF、PUI+XPF结合3%次氯酸钠溶液进行根管处理。采集样本根管尖、中、冠1/3SEM图像,计算残余细菌生物膜面积百分比。结果:细菌清除效率由高到低依次为PUI+XPF、XPF、PUI、CNI,前两者无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:XPF清除椭圆形根管生物膜的效果优于PUI和CNI,与PUI联合应用有加强效果但无显著差异。